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MICROLED DISPLAYS Market & Technology Report - February 2017 Hype and Reality: Hopes for Smartwatches and Beyond Must Overcome Technical and Manufacturing Challenges

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MICROLED DISPLAYS Market & Technology Report - February 2017 Hype and Reality: Hopes for Smartwatches and Beyond Must Overcome Technical and Manufacturing Challenges MICROLED DISPLAYS Market & Technology report - February 2017 Hype and reality: hopes for smartwatches and beyond must overcome technical and manufacturing challenges. KEY FEATURES OF THE REPORT MICROLED DISPLAYS COULD DISRUPT LCD AND OLED Get the sample of the report Micro-light emitting diodes (microLED) are an invested in the technology by buying Luxvue in on www.i-Micronews.com emissive display technology. Just like organic light 2014. MicroLEDs could also eventually dominate • Detailed analysis of microLED emitting diodes (OLED), they offer high contrast, augmented and mixed reality displays thanks to technology including epitaxy, high speed, and wide viewing angle. However, they their unique ability to deliver both the brightness die, display structure, color conversion, backplane, microLED could also deliver wider color gamut, dramatic and low power consumption required for the transfer, defect management, light – orders of magnitude – higher brightness, application. significantly reduced power consumption and extraction and beam shaping Initial success in smartwatches could accelerate • Identification of key players and improved lifetime, ruggedness and environmental technology and supply chain maturation, making their intellectual property stability. In addition, microLEDs allow the microLED competitive against OLED in high end • SWOT analysis, roadmap integration of sensors and circuits, enabling thin TVs, tablets and laptops. Although less disruptive and forecast for microLED displays with embedded sensing capabilities such for those applications, microLED would still bring display applications, including as fingerprint identification and gesture control. TV, smartphones, wearables, the best of OLED and liquid crystal displays (LCD) augmented, mixed and virtual The first microLED commercial product was together. Smartphones will be a tough nut to crack reality, laptops, tablets, monitors, unveiled by Sony in 2016 in the form of a small- and require further technology improvement light emitting diode (LED) video pitch LED video display where traditional in the manufacturing and handling of very small displays packaged LEDs are replaced by microLEDs. The microLEDs (< 5 µm). In our most optimistic • Disruption scenarios for incumbent first consumer killer-app could come in the form scenario, the market for microLED displays could liquid crystal display (LCD), organic of smartwatches, propelled by Apple, which reach up to 330 million units by 2025. light emitting diode (OLED) and liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS) MicroLED display volume forecast – aggressive scenario technologies, with implications for the supply chain, impact on wafer 350 and metal-organic chemical vapor 329,3 deposition (MOCVD) reactor 312,4 demand 300 Smartphones ? 248,7 250 200 RELATED REPORTS Tablets, TVs Benefit from our Bundle & Annual 150 Subscription offers and access our analyses at the best available price Million of units Smartwatches 111,7 and with great advantages 100 + AR/MR 50,1 50 18,9 - - 6,1 0 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Smartphones Smartwatches Tablets AR/MR Laptops TVs Monitors HUD (Yole Développement, February 2017) • LED Packaging 2017: Market, Technology and Industry Landscape THERE ARE MANY ENGINEERING AND MANUFACTURING ROADBLOCKS • Sapphire Applications & Market 2016: LED and Consumer Electronics BEFORE MICROLED REACHES PRIME TIME • UV LEDs 2016 - Technology, Manufacturing and Application Trends The science is here, but microLED is an inherently be dominated by nefarious sidewall effects which • Phosphors & Quantum Dots 2015: complex display technology with cost drivers impact performance. The reported efficiency LED Downconverters for Lighting different from those of incumbent technologies. of microLEDs below 10 µm side length is often & Displays The concept is simple: each pixel is constituted of 10-20% of larger LED chips or below. At those Find all our reports on individual microLED emitters. However, at very levels, microLED displays can’t deliver on the www.i-micronews.com small dimensions, microLED operation tends to key promise of low energy consumption. Solving MICROLED DISPLAYS this issue is a key priority for companies involved Efficiently manipulating high volumes of microLEDs microLEDs. Some such as VueReal or Mikro-Mesa and positioning them on the backplane is another have reported significant improvement. major area. Assembling a single 4K display would take more than a month using traditional pick and place equipment! Companies such as Apple, X-Celeprint, Multiple challenges need to be tackled to realize the microLED Playnitride and others have developed massively display opportunity parallel pick and place technologies that can process tens of thousands to millions of microLEDs simultaneously. However, the handling of the smaller size (<10 µm) chips and positioning accuracy needs Color conversion further work. Alternatively, companies such as Light extraction Backplane and beam shaping hybridization VueReal or Rohinni are developing “semi-continuous” processes akin to traditional printing. In modern displays, dead or defective pixels are Massively parallel and high accuracy Defect not acceptable. Achieving 100% combined yields in pick and place management technologies epitaxy, chip manufacturing and transfer is nothing short of utopia. MicroLED display manufacturers must therefore develop effective defect management strategies combining pixel redundancies and/or LED technology individual pixel repair depending on the characteristics LED Supply chain (epitaxy, chips) Displays of the display. Other challenging technology nodes include color conversion, light extraction and beam shaping, all subjects of intense research, licensing and mergers and acquisition activities. (Yole Développement, February 2017) IF SUCCESSFUL, MICROLED DISPLAYS COULD HAVE PROFOUND IMPACT ON BOTH THE LED AND DISPLAY SUPPLY CHAINS Many startups and large companies are working on bring together the different technologies to serve the microLEDs, from LED makers such as Epistar, Nichia augmented reality (AR) market, but for high volume or Osram to display makers like AUO, BOE or CSOT consumer applications such as mobiles or TVs, only a and original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) such strong push from a leading OEM can enable a supply as Apple or Facebook/Oculus. chain. Apple is the most likely candidate with enough leverage and financial strength to bring all partners Enabling large scale microLED displays requires together. Other candidates include Oculus, which bringing together three major disparate technologies has also invested in microLEDs for AR/mixed reality and supply chain elements: LED, thin-film transistor (MR) applications. (TFT) backplane and chip transfer. The supply chain is complex and lengthy compared with that of traditional Each participant will attempt to capture as much displays. Each process is critical and managing every added value as it can. For LED makers, low defect aspect effectively will be challenging. No single player requirements and high resolution features of can solve all the issues and it seems unlikely that any microLED means large investments in new clean room will fully vertically integrate. Small companies could and lithography equipment which might be better suited to CMOS foundries. Traditional display makers are used to manufacturing both back and front planes Example of a possible supply chain (see others in report) in an integrated fashion and delivering finished panels to OEMs. With microLEDs, they will struggle against OEM: supply chain management becoming component suppliers, only providing a JV or supply agreement TFT backplane to whichever participant will produce LED Display the final display assembly: OEMs or outsourced Foundry OSAT maker maker semiconductor assembly and test (OSAT) players. Some companies will benefit from microLED displays TFT independently of how the supply chain is shaped. backplane These beneficiaries include metal-organic chemical Assembly (massively parallel vapor deposition (MOCVD) reactor and other LED P&P) equipment manufacturers as well as wafer suppliers. uLED chips Display Transfer technology provided by OEM For the latter, however, sapphire manufacturers will (Luxvue/Apple), licensing or internally have to keep an eye on a possible come back of the developed. old LED-on-silicon idea which could have definite (Yole Développement, February 2017) advantages in microLED manufacturing. MARKET & TECHNOLOGY REPORT COMPANIES CITED IN THE REPORT (non exhaustive list) OBJECTIVES OF THE REPORT Aledia (FR), Allos Semiconductor (DE), Apple (US), AUO (TW), BOE (CN), CEA-LETI (FR), CIOMP Understand microLED display (CN), Columbia University (US), Cooledge (CA), Cree (US), CSOT (CN), eMagin (US), Epistar (TW), technologies: Epson (JP), Facebook (US), Foxconn (TW), Fraunhofer Institute (DE), Glo (SE), GlobalFoundries (US), • Benefits and drawbacks versus other Goertek (CN), Hiphoton (TW), HKUST (HK), HTC (TW), Ignis (CA), InfiniLED (UK), Intel (US), display technologies ITRI (TW), Kansas State University (US), Kopin (US), Lumiode (US), Luxvue (US), Metavision (US), • Key technology elements and Microsoft (US), Mikro-Mesa (TW), mLED (UK), Nichia (JP), Nth Degree (US), Oculus (US), Osterhout associated challenges and cost drivers Design Group (US), Osram (DE), Ostendo (US), Playnitride (TW), PSI Co (KR), Rohinni (US), Saitama • Technology roadblocks University (JP), Samsung (KR), Sanan (CN), Semprius (US), Sharp (JP), Sony (JP), Strathclyde University (UK),
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