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Una Mirada Desde La Cosmovisión Andina 17 Juan Illicachi Guzñay

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Una Mirada Desde La Cosmovisión Andina 17 Juan Illicachi Guzñay www.flacsoandes.edu.ec Año XII , Número 21 / julio-diciembre de 2014 Indexada en LATINDEX / ISSN impreso: 1390-3837 / ISSN electrónico: 1390-8634 Universitas-UPS, Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas de la Universidad Politécnica Salesia- na del Ecuador, que se inicia en el año 2002, tiene una regularidad semestral. El objetivo de Universitas-UPS es promover y difundir la publicación de textos científicos y crí- ticos, inéditos y previamente evaluados, de carácter e interés actuales, en el campo de los cono- cimientos de lo social y humano y sobre problemáticas de alcance general, aunque privilegiando aquellos referidos en particular al Ecuador y América Latina. La Revista presenta artículos y ensayos, investigaciones en curso o resultados de ellas, análisis y comunicaciones de perfil más coyuntural, y reseñas o recensiones de libros. http://www.ups.edu.ec Correo electrónico: [email protected] Rector Javier Herrán Gómez, sdb Vicerrector General Luis Tobar Pesántez Vicerrector Académico Fernando Pesántez Avilés Vicerrectores de sede César Vásquez (Cuenca) Viviana Montalvo Gutiérrez (Quito) Andrés Bayolo Garay (Guayaquil) Universitas-UPS, Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas, publicación semestral, No. 21, julio- diciembre de 2014. Editor responsable: José Juncosa Blasco. ISSN impreso: 1390-3837 / ISSN electrónico: 1390-8634. Diseño y correción: Editorial Universitaria Abya-Yala. Domicilio de la publicación: Universidad Politécnica Salesiana del Ecuador. Casilla postal 2074, Cuenca-Ecua- dor. Centro Gráfico Salesiano: Vega Muñoz 10-68 y General Torres, Teléfono (+593 7) 2831745, Casilla 01-01-0275, Cuenca-Ecuador. D.R. © Universitas. Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas. Impreso en Ecuador UNIVERSITAS, es una publicación semestral de la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana del Ecua- dor. Las ideas y opiniones expresadas en las colaboraciones, son de exclusiva responsabilidad de los autores. Director Teodoro Rubio Martín Editor Responsable José Juncosa Blasco Editor General Luis Álvarez Rodas Consejo Científico Externo Francois Houtart (Centre Tricontinental, Belgique-Universidad de Lovaina Foro Mundial) Alberto Acosta (Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales-Quito) Isabel Yépez (Universidad de Lovaina) Rafael Grasa (Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona) Jesús Leal (Universidad Complutense de Madrid) Ángel Montes (Universidad de Murcia) Antonio Hermosa (Universidad de Sevilla) Giangi Schibotto (Universidad de Bologna) Manfred Liebel (Universidad de Berlín) Julio Mejía (Universidad de San Marcos, Lima) Juan Podestá Arzubialde (Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique) Bertha García (Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito) Fernando Mayorga (Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Cochabamba) José Luis Guzón (Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca) Pablo Vommaro (Universidad de Buenos Aires) Comité Editorial Juan Bottasso (Università Pontificia Salesiana-Roma) Gaitán Villavicencio (Universidad de Guayaquil) Lucas Pacheco (Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador) René Unda (Universidad Politécnica Salesiana) Victor Hugo Torres (Universidad Politécnica Salesiana) Rodrigo Peña (Universidad Santamaría-Guayaquil) Carlos Rojas (Universidad de Cuenca) Año XII , Número 21 / julio-diciembre de 2014 ISSN impreso: 1390-3837 / ISSN electrónico: 1390-8634 Editorial 11 ARTÍCULOS Desarrollo, educación y cosmovisión: una mirada desde la cosmovisión andina 17 Juan Illicachi Guzñay Identidad saraguro en España. Reflexiones con motivo de la celebración de la Virgen del Cisne en Vera (España) 33 Alberto García Sánchez Empresas sociales y su aplicación en las sociedades rezagadas 57 Manuel Enrique Muñoz Mainato Construyendo los cuerpos “perfectos”. Implicaciones culturales del culto al cuerpo y la alimentación en la vigorexia 77 Javier Eloy Martínez Guirao ¿Qué podemos aprender del sentimiento religioso para enriquecer el campo sociopolítico? Un breve recordatorio acerca del valor sociopolítico de la religión 101 H. C. F. Mansilla “La Mañosa” de Juan Bosch. La novela socio-realista de la revolución 133 Bruno Rosario Candelier Universitas, Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas de la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana del Ecuador, Año XII, No. 21, 2014 La evaluación y acreditación de la educación superior ecuatoriana y la producción editorial 163 Luis Álvarez Rodas, José Juncosa Blasco INVESTIGACIÓN La Tecnología y la inteligencia artificial como futuro en el área médica 185 Raúl Beltrán Ramírez, Rocío Maciel Arellano y José Jiménez Arévalo Sistema gestionador con características adaptativas, para el control en la ejecución de aplicaciones de usuario que solicitan una alta demanda de tiempo procesador 191 Aarón Jiménez Govea, Marisela Mireles Mercado, Laura Torres López NORMAS PARA LA PREPARACIÓN DE LOS MANUSCRITOS 209 8 Año XII , Número 21 / julio-diciembre de 2014 ISSN impreso: 1390-3837 / ISSN electrónico: 1390-8634 ARTICLES Development, education, and cosmovision: An Andean cosmovision outlook 17 Juan Illicachi Guzñay The Saraguro identity in Spain. Reflections on the motives behind the celebration of the Virgen del Cisne in Vera (Spain) 33 Alberto García Sánchez Social enterprises and their applications in lagged behind societies 57 Manuel Enrique Muñoz Mainato Building “perfect” bodies. Cultural implications of the cult of the body and feeding megarexia 77 Javier Eloy Martínez Guirao What can be learnt from the religious sentiment to enrich the sociopolitical sphere? A brief reminder about religion’s sociopolitical value 101 H. C. F. Mansilla Juan Bosch’s “La Mañosa”. A socio-realist novel about the revolution 133 Bruno Rosario Candelier Universitas, Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas de la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana del Ecuador, Año XII, No. 21, 2014 Higher education evaluation and accreditation, and editorial production in Ecuador 163 Luis Álvarez Rodas, José Juncosa Blasco RESEARCH Technology and artificial intelligence, the future of the medical field 185 Raúl Beltrán Ramírez, Rocío Maciel Arellano y José Jiménez Arévalo Management systems with adaptive characteristics to control and execute user applications that require high processing times 191 Aarón Jiménez Govea, Marisela Mireles Mercado, Laura Torres López GUIDELINES FOR PREPARING PAPERS 215 10 EDITORIAL Estimados lectores: avanzamos en la publicación de nuestra Revista. En el número 21 de Universitas contamos con artículos de gran interés, aunque aparentemente abordan diferentes asuntos. Ya en el número anterior aparecía un artículo que profundizaba sobre el indigenismo. En éste también se plantea esta misma temática, pero desde otra óptica, “Desarrollo, educación y cosmovisión: una mirada desde la cosmovisión andina”, de Juan Illicachi. El autor sostiene que a pesar del reconocimiento que la Constitución del Ecuador de 2008 hace a la cosmovisión andina, esto no se refleja en un refuerzo de la misma en el ám- bito educativo, donde se sigue considerando marginal. Sin duda, este artículo es de gran interés para los estudiosos del fenómeno indígena en este país, pero también para los ecuatorianos en general. Seguimos en Ecuador con el artículo “Identidad saraguro en España. Re- flexiones con motivo de la celebración de la Virgen del Cisne en Vera (Espa- ña)”, ya que Alberto García Sánchez, en el que será un capítulo de su tesis doc- toral, acopia las conclusiones de varias entrevistas realizadas a los saragurenses y saraguros residentes en varias localidades del sur de España. En él se recoge cómo viven su identidad aquellas personas del cantón ecuatoriano Saraguro que migraron a España en los años posteriores a la crisis económica, acontecida en su país a finales del siglo XX. Las fiestas en honor a la Virgen del Cisne, así como otras festividades indígenas mantienen su identidad y transmisión cultu- ral de este pueblo en la distancia. Manuel Muñoz escribe el artículo titulado “Empresas sociales y su aplica- ción en las sociedades rezagadas”. Es una opción a la pobreza de comunidades desfavorecidas económicamente, creando empresas sociales con microcrédito interno. Este artículo presenta la alternativa de prosperar con el desarrollo de una empresa social, fraterna y solidaria. De esta manera podemos emprender el microcrédito con tolerancia, exento de egoísmo e individualismo, tal como lo propone la comuna de Quinuapata, prototipo de desarrollo social-comunitario. En su documento “Construyendo los cuerpos “perfectos”. Implicaciones culturales del culto al cuerpo y la alimentación en la vigorexia”, Javier Eloy Martínez Guirao, analiza el fenómeno de la dismorfia muscular, enfocado como el reflejo de la radicalización y distorsión de lo considerado como deseable, y de las contradicciones que la misma sociedad presenta. Asevera que el culto al 11 Universitas, Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas de la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana del Ecuador, Año XII, No. 21, 2014 cuerpo se ha hecho cada vez más presente en las sociedades contemporáneas; la alimentación y el ejercicio físico se han convertido en dos de los medios más destacados para seguir los valores hegemónicos sobre el cuerpo. H.C.F. Mansilla en su artículo “¿Qué podemos aprender del sentimiento religioso para enriquecer el campo sociopolítico? Un breve recordatorio acerca del valor sociopolítico de la Religión” nos recuerda que las religiones, a lo largo de la historia y en todas las sociedades han intentado contestar interrogantes para el orden sociopolítico, como el de dónde venimos y a dónde vamos, el sentido de la vida y la identidad de los seres humanos. En este texto el autor presenta algunos aspectos importantes
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