The Soviet Military Administration in Thuringia (Smath) 1945-1949
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The Long-Lasting Shadow of the Allied Occupation of Austria on Its Spatial Equilibrium
IZA DP No. 10095 The Long-lasting Shadow of the Allied Occupation of Austria on its Spatial Equilibrium Christoph Eder Martin Halla July 2016 DISCUSSION PAPER SERIES Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit Institute for the Study of Labor The Long-lasting Shadow of the Allied Occupation of Austria on its Spatial Equilibrium Christoph Eder University of Innsbruck Martin Halla University of Innsbruck and IZA Discussion Paper No. 10095 July 2016 IZA P.O. Box 7240 53072 Bonn Germany Phone: +49-228-3894-0 Fax: +49-228-3894-180 E-mail: [email protected] Any opinions expressed here are those of the author(s) and not those of IZA. Research published in this series may include views on policy, but the institute itself takes no institutional policy positions. The IZA research network is committed to the IZA Guiding Principles of Research Integrity. The Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) in Bonn is a local and virtual international research center and a place of communication between science, politics and business. IZA is an independent nonprofit organization supported by Deutsche Post Foundation. The center is associated with the University of Bonn and offers a stimulating research environment through its international network, workshops and conferences, data service, project support, research visits and doctoral program. IZA engages in (i) original and internationally competitive research in all fields of labor economics, (ii) development of policy concepts, and (iii) dissemination of research results and concepts to the interested public. IZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. -
The Changing Depiction of Prussia in the GDR
The Changing Depiction of Prussia in the GDR: From Rejection to Selective Commemoration Corinna Munn Department of History Columbia University April 9, 2014 Acknowledgments I would like to thank my advisor, Volker Berghahn, for his support and guidance in this project. I also thank my second reader, Hana Worthen, for her careful reading and constructive advice. This paper has also benefited from the work I did under Wolfgang Neugebauer at the Humboldt University of Berlin in the summer semester of 2013, and from the advice of Bärbel Holtz, also of Humboldt University. Table of Contents 1. Introduction……………………………………………………………………….1 2. Chronology and Context………………………………………………………….4 3. The Geschichtsbild in the GDR…………………………………………………..8 3.1 What is a Geschichtsbild?..............................................................................8 3.2 The Function of the Geschichtsbild in the GDR……………………………9 4. Prussia’s Changing Role in the Geschichtsbild of the GDR…………………….11 4.1 1945-1951: The Post-War Period………………………………………….11 4.1.1 Historiography and Publications……………………………………11 4.1.2 Public Symbols and Events: The fate of the Berliner Stadtschloss…14 4.1.3 Film: Die blauen Schwerter………………………………………...19 4.2 1951-1973: Building a Socialist Society…………………………………...22 4.2.1 Historiography and Publications……………………………………22 4.2.2 Public Symbols and Events: The Neue Wache and the demolition of Potsdam’s Garnisonkirche…………………………………………..30 4.2.3 Film: Die gestohlene Schlacht………………………………………34 4.3 1973-1989: The Rediscovery of Prussia…………………………………...39 4.3.1 Historiography and Publications……………………………………39 4.3.2 Public Symbols and Events: The restoration of the Lindenforum and the exhibit at Sans Souci……………………………………………42 4.3.3 Film: Sachsens Glanz und Preußens Gloria………………………..45 5. -
Bul NKVD AJ.Indd
The NKVD/KGB Activities and its Cooperation with other Secret Services in Central and Eastern Europe 1945 – 1989 Anthology of the international conference Bratislava 14. – 16. 11. 2007 Edited by Alexandra Grúňová Nation´s Memory Institute BRATISLAVA 2008 Anthology was published with kind support of The International Visegrad Fund. Visegrad Fund NKVD/KGB Activities and its Cooperation with other Secret Services in Cen- tral and Eastern Europe 1945 – 1989 14 – 16 November, 2007, Bratislava, Slovakia Anthology of the international conference Edited by Alexandra Grúňová Published by Nation´s Memory Institute Nám. SNP 28 810 00 Bratislava Slovakia www.upn.gov.sk 1st edition English language correction Anitra N. Van Prooyen Slovak/Czech language correction Alexandra Grúňová, Katarína Szabová Translation Jana Krajňáková et al. Cover design Peter Rendek Lay-out, typeseting, printing by Vydavateľstvo Michala Vaška © Nation´s Memory Institute 2008 ISBN 978-80-89335-01-5 Nation´s Memory Institute 5 Contents DECLARATION on a conference NKVD/KGB Activities and its Cooperation with other Secret Services in Central and Eastern Europe 1945 – 1989 ..................................................................9 Conference opening František Mikloško ......................................................................................13 Jiří Liška ....................................................................................................... 15 Ivan A. Petranský ........................................................................................ -
Chronik Band 4
Band IV Klaus Reinhold Chronik Arnstadt 704 - 2004 1300 Jahre Arnstadt 2. erweiterte und verbesserte Auflage Teil 4 (Fortsetzung) Hebamme Anna Kessel (Weiße 50) verhalf am 26.10.1942 dem viertausendstem Kind in ihrer langjährigen beruflichen Laufbahn zum Leben. 650 „ausgebombte“ Frauen und Kinder aus Düsseldorf trafen am 27.10.1942 mit einem Son- derzug in Arnstadt ein. Diamantene Hochzeit feierte am 28.10.1942 das Ehepaar Richard Zeitsch (86) und seine Ehefrau Hermine geb. Hendrich (81), Untergasse 2. In der Nacht vom Sonntag, dem 1. zum 2.11.1942, wurden die Uhren (um 3.00 Uhr auf 2.00 Uhr) um eine Stunde zurückgestellt. Damit war die Sommerzeit zu Ende und es galt wieder Normalzeit. Zum ersten Mal fand am 14.11.1942 in Arnstadt eine Hochzeit nach dem Tode statt. Die Näherin Silva Waltraud Gertrud Herzer heiratete ihren am 9.8.1941 gefallenen Verlobten, den Obergefreiten Artur Erich Hans Schubert mit dem sie ein Töchterchen namens Jutta (7 30.8.1939 in Arnstadt) hatte. Die Heirat erfolgte mit Wirkung des Tages vor dem Tode, also 8.8.1941. Die Tochter wurde „durch diese Eheschließung legitimiert“. 1943 Der Sturm 8143 des NS-Fliegerkorps baute Anfang 1943 auf dem Fluggelände Weinberg bei Arnstadt eine Segelflugzeughalle im Werte von 3500 RM. Die Stadt gewährte einen Zuschuß von 1000 RM und trat dem NS-Fliegerkorps als Fördermitglied mit einem Jahres- beitrag von 100,00 RM bei. Der fast 18-jährige Schüler Joachim Taubert (7 24.2.1925 in Arnstadt) wurde am 6.1.1943, 9.00 Uhr, in der Wohnung seiner Mutter, der Witwe Gertrud Elisabeth Taubert geb. -
Regierende Fürsten Und Landesregierungen in Thüringen 1485-1952
Hans Herz Regierende Fürsten und Landesregierungen in Thüringen 1485-1952 Vorbemerkung Die kleinstaatlichen Verhältnisse im neuzeitlichen Thüringen werden bis 1918 von den regierenden Häusern der Wettiner, der Schwarzburger und der Reußen bestimmt. Durch häufige Landesteilungen bildeten sich bei den aus dem Stammhaus Wettin hervorgegangenen sächsisch-ernestinischen Herzogtümern seit 1485, in den Gebieten der Grafen/Fürsten von Schwarzburg seit 1571 und in denen der Herren, späteren Grafen und Fürsten von Reuß seit 1564 zahlreiche Einzelstaaten heraus. Die Dauer der Existenz dieser Territorialstaaten war sehr unterschiedlich, und die Gebietsteile wechselten gemäß der Vereinbarungen bei den Erbteilungen innerhalb des jeweiligen Hauses häufig ihre Zugehörigkeit zu den einzelnen Territorien. Dieses schwer überschaubare Bild der territorialstaatlichen Struktur übersichtlicher zu machen, ist das Anliegen vorliegender Regentenverzeichnisse. Die Verzeichnisse werden nach den einzelnen Staaten bzw. staatsähnlichen Gebilden gegliedert, um ein rasches Nachschlagen der regierenden Landesherren in Bezug auf die Einzelstaaten zu ermöglichen. In den Verzeichnissen wird auf vollständige genealogische Daten verzichtet. Diese können den entsprechenden Tabellen der landesherrlichen Häuser entnommen werden. Die Daten wurden vorwiegend erfasst nach: 1. für die Ernestiner: Otto Posse: Die Wettiner. Genealogie des Gesamthauses Wettin ernestinischer und albertinischer Linie.. Im Auftrage des Gesamthauses hrsg. von Otto Posse, Leipzig-Berlin 1897, Taf. 7-21, neu hrsg. von Manfred Kobuch, Leipzig 1994 sowie Ernst Devrient: Thüringische Geschichte, 2. Auflage, Berlin-Leipzig 1921 (Sammlung Göschen); Friedrich Schneider und Armin Tille; Einführung in die Thüringische Geschichte, Jena 1931; 2. für die Schwarzburger: Friedrich Apfelstedt: Das Haus Kevernburg-Schwarzburg von seinem Ursprunge bis auf unsere Zeit, Sondershausen 1890; Heinz Deubler: Die Grafen und Fürsten von Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (Sonderausgabe. -
The Failed Post-War Experiment: How Contemporary Scholars Address the Impact of Allied Denazification on Post-World War Ii Germany
John Carroll University Carroll Collected Masters Essays Master's Theses and Essays 2019 THE FAILED POST-WAR EXPERIMENT: HOW CONTEMPORARY SCHOLARS ADDRESS THE IMPACT OF ALLIED DENAZIFICATION ON POST-WORLD WAR II GERMANY Alicia Mayer Follow this and additional works at: https://collected.jcu.edu/mastersessays Part of the History Commons THE FAILED POST-WAR EXPERIMENT: HOW CONTEMPORARY SCHOLARS ADDRESS THE IMPACT OF ALLIED DENAZIFICATION ON POST-WORLD WAR II GERMANY An Essay Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies College of Arts & Sciences of John Carroll University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts By Alicia Mayer 2020 As the tide changed during World War II in the European theater from favoring an Axis victory to an Allied one, the British, American, and Soviet governments created a plan to purge Germany of its Nazi ideology. Furthermore, the Allies agreed to reconstruct Germany so a regime like the Nazis could never come to power again. The Allied Powers met at three major summits at Teheran (November 28-December 1,1943), Yalta (February 4-11, 1945), and Potsdam (July 17-August 2, 1945) to discuss the occupation period and reconstruction of all aspects of German society. The policy of denazification was agreed upon by the Big Three, but due to their political differences, denazification took different forms in each occupation zone. Within all four Allied zones, there was a balancing act between denazification and the urgency to help a war-stricken population in Germany. This literature review focuses specifically on how scholars conceptualize the policy of denazification and its legacy on German society. -
The Employment Effects of Immigration: Evidence from the Mass Arrival of German Expellees in Post-War Germany
The Employment Effects of Immigration: Evidence from the Mass Arrival of German Expellees in Post-war Germany By Sebastian Braun and Toman Omar Mahmoud No. 1725| August 2011 Kiel Institute for the World Economy, Hindenburgufer 66, 24105 Kiel, Germany Kiel Working Paper No. 1725 | August 2011 The Employment Effects of Immigration: Evidence from the Mass Arrival of German Expellees in Post-war Germany* Sebastian Braun and Toman Omar Mahmoud Abstract: This paper studies the employment effects of the influx of millions of German expellees to West Germany after World War II. The expellees were forced to relocate to post-war Germany. They represented a complete cross-section of society, were close substitutes to the native West German population, and were very unevenly distributed across labor market segments in West Germany. We find a substantial negative effect of expellee inflows on native employment. The effect was, however, limited to labor market segments with very high inflow rates. IV regressions that exploit variation in geographical proximity and in pre-war occupations confirm the OLS results. Keywords: Forced migration, native employment, post-war Germany JEL classification: J61, J21, C36 Sebastian Braun Kiel Institute for the World Economy Telephone: +49 431 8814 482 E-mail: [email protected] Toman Omar Mahmoud Kiel Institute for the World Economy Telephone: +49 431 8814 471 E-mail: [email protected] * We thank Eckhardt Bode, Michael C. Burda, Michael Kvasnicka, Alexandra Spitz-Oener, Andreas Steinmayr, Nikolaus Wolf and participants of research seminars in Berlin and Kiel for helpful comments and discussions. Martin Müller-Gürtler and Richard Franke provided excellent research assistance. -
On the Origin and Composition of the German East-West Population Gap
DISCUSSION PAPER SERIES IZA DP No. 12031 On the Origin and Composition of the German East-West Population Gap Christoph Eder Martin Halla DECEMBER 2018 DISCUSSION PAPER SERIES IZA DP No. 12031 On the Origin and Composition of the German East-West Population Gap Christoph Eder Johannes Kepler University Linz Martin Halla Johannes Kepler University Linz, CD-Lab Aging, Health, and the Labor Market, IZA and Austrian Public Health Institute DECEMBER 2018 Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and not those of IZA. Research published in this series may include views on policy, but IZA takes no institutional policy positions. The IZA research network is committed to the IZA Guiding Principles of Research Integrity. The IZA Institute of Labor Economics is an independent economic research institute that conducts research in labor economics and offers evidence-based policy advice on labor market issues. Supported by the Deutsche Post Foundation, IZA runs the world’s largest network of economists, whose research aims to provide answers to the global labor market challenges of our time. Our key objective is to build bridges between academic research, policymakers and society. IZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be available directly from the author. IZA – Institute of Labor Economics Schaumburg-Lippe-Straße 5–9 Phone: +49-228-3894-0 53113 Bonn, Germany Email: [email protected] www.iza.org IZA DP No. 12031 DECEMBER 2018 ABSTRACT On the Origin and Composition of the German East-West Population Gap* The East-West gap in the German population is believed to originate from migrants escaping the socialist regime in the German Democratic Republic (GDR). -
The German Democratic Republic's Attitude
PRZEGLĄD ZACHODNI 2011, No 1 ANNA WOLff-POWęskA Poznań THE GERMAN DEMOCRATIC Republic’s AttITUDE TOWARDS THE NAZI PAST Periods of change connected with a transition from dictatorship to democracy are characterized by intensive search for a new binder of national unity and identity. Communities which have been affected by totalitarianism in order to build a new order have to define their attitude towards the old one. As it has been demonstrated by the two German states in their process of abandoning the Third Reich’s policy and system of values, factors such as the defence of one’s own history, and seeking an answer to the question of what should be retained in the memory and what should be eradicated, have shaped the political identity of German society of the political turn era in a significant way. The reunification of Germany in 1990 confirmed the truth that the process of democratization is accompanied by a social crisis which is also a crisis of the criteria determining what is remembered and what is forgotten, the integral elements of every history. The way of perceiving National socialism and positioning it in German history has played a fundamental role in the development of political cultures, first of two different German states, and then of a reunified Germany*. National consciousness and community spirit is shaped by reference to history, which can be glorified, sac- ralised, or pushed to the margins of public life. Establishing two separate German states with different ideological foundations brought far reaching consequences for the cultural memory of the divided community. -
German Transitions in the French Occupation Zone, 1945
Forgotten and Unfulfilled: German Transitions in the French Occupation Zone, 1945- 1949 A thesis presented to the faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences of Ohio University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts Guy B. Aldridge May 2015 © 2015 Guy B. Aldridge. All Rights Reserved. 2 This thesis titled Forgotten and Unfulfilled: German Transitions in the French Occupation Zone, 1945- 1949 by GUY B. ALDRIDGE has been approved for the Department of History and the College of Arts and Sciences by Mirna Zakic Assistant Professor of History Robert Frank Dean, College of Arts and Sciences 3 Abstract ALDRIDGE, GUY B., M.A., May 2015, History Forgotten and Unfulfilled: German Transitions in the French Occupation Zone, 1945- 1949 Director of Thesis: Mirna Zakic This thesis examines how local newspapers in the French Occupation Zone of Germany between 1945 and 1949 reflected social change. The words of the press show that, starting in 1945, the Christian narrative was the lens through which ‘average’ Germans conceived of their past and present, understanding the Nazi era as well as war guilt in religious terms. These local newspapers indicate that their respective communities made an early attempt to ‘come to terms with the past.’ This phenomenon is explained by the destruction of World War II, varying Allied approaches to German reconstruction, and unique social conditions in the French Zone. The decline of ardent religiosity in German society between 1945 and 1949 was due mostly to increasing Cold War tensions as well as the return of stability and normality. -
German’ Communities from Eastern Europe at the End of the Second World War
EUROPEAN UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE, FLORENCE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY AND CIVILIZATION EUI Working Paper HEC No. 2004/1 The Expulsion of the ‘German’ Communities from Eastern Europe at the End of the Second World War Edited by STEFFEN PRAUSER and ARFON REES BADIA FIESOLANA, SAN DOMENICO (FI) All rights reserved. No part of this paper may be reproduced in any form without permission of the author(s). © 2004 Steffen Prauser and Arfon Rees and individual authors Published in Italy December 2004 European University Institute Badia Fiesolana I – 50016 San Domenico (FI) Italy www.iue.it Contents Introduction: Steffen Prauser and Arfon Rees 1 Chapter 1: Piotr Pykel: The Expulsion of the Germans from Czechoslovakia 11 Chapter 2: Tomasz Kamusella: The Expulsion of the Population Categorized as ‘Germans' from the Post-1945 Poland 21 Chapter 3: Balázs Apor: The Expulsion of the German Speaking Population from Hungary 33 Chapter 4: Stanislav Sretenovic and Steffen Prauser: The “Expulsion” of the German Speaking Minority from Yugoslavia 47 Chapter 5: Markus Wien: The Germans in Romania – the Ambiguous Fate of a Minority 59 Chapter 6: Tillmann Tegeler: The Expulsion of the German Speakers from the Baltic Countries 71 Chapter 7: Luigi Cajani: School History Textbooks and Forced Population Displacements in Europe after the Second World War 81 Bibliography 91 EUI WP HEC 2004/1 Notes on the Contributors BALÁZS APOR, STEFFEN PRAUSER, PIOTR PYKEL, STANISLAV SRETENOVIC and MARKUS WIEN are researchers in the Department of History and Civilization, European University Institute, Florence. TILLMANN TEGELER is a postgraduate at Osteuropa-Institut Munich, Germany. Dr TOMASZ KAMUSELLA, is a lecturer in modern European history at Opole University, Opole, Poland. -
Germany 1945’ by Richard Bessel ISBN 9781416526193 Aust RRP $24.99
Excerpt from ‘Germany 1945’ by Richard Bessel ISBN 9781416526193 Aust RRP $24.99 Read an excerpt: Introduction 1 INTRODUCTION: TO HELL AND BACK The mood of catastrophe - for us wearers of the star [of David], nine-tenths joyful, one-tenth fearful - but even when it comes to fear people say 'Better a terrible end [than no end at all]! - is growing stronger. Victor Klemperer Now I hope that everything goes back to the way it was. It is wonderful when one can lie down in bed in the evening in peace. Hopefully the war will soon be over, the soldiers will be able to come home. Gerda J. At midnight on New Year's Eve, as 1945 began, German radio broadcast Adolf Hitler's last New Year's message to the German people. To a nation that faced certain defeat, he yet again asserted his faith in ultimate victory, concluding with his 'unshakeable belief that the hour is near in which victory finally will come to that which is the most worthy of it: the Greater German Reich'.3 Popular reactions to Hitler's message were astonishingly positive, although laced with disappointment that the leader had not offered any details of how victory might be achieved, whether through new weapons or new offensives, or how the Allied bombing campaign which was causing such destruction to Germany's cities might be halted.4 Less than two weeks later, on 12 January, the great Soviet offensive began, and sealed the fate of the 'Thousand-Year Reich'. By the end of January, the Wehrmacht had suffered its highest ever monthly total of casualties as the numbers of German military dead reached their peak of over 450,000 - far in excess of the 185,000 Wehrmacht members who died in January 1943, the month of the defeat at Stalingrad.5 Never before had so many people been killed in Germany in so short a time.