Spencer Creek Pilot Watershed Analysis

A day of huckleberry picking at Buck Lake around 1905 (photo courtesy of the Anderson family photo collection).

August 1995 Appendix 1 Preparers

7 1895 7 1895 Appendix 1-2 Name Agency Position

Andrew T. Peavy USFS Winema National Forest Forest GIS Coordinator Andy S. Hamilton BLM Klarnath Falls Resource Area Aquatic Biologist Michael W. Bechdolt BLM Klamath Falls Resource Area Timber Manager Patricia R. Buettner USFS Winema National Forest/ Wildlife Biologist BLM Klamath Falls Resource Area Mike Mathews USFS Winema National Forest Hydrologist Kristin M. Bald BLM Lakeview District Team Leader Tom Robertson U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Aquatic Ecosystems Coordinator Robin Bown U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Supervisory Wildlife Biologist Scott Senter BLM Klamath Falls Resource Area Outdoor Recreat on Planner Rob McEnroe BLM Klamath Falls Resource Area Timber Sale Plarner GIS Bill Yehle BLM Klamath Falls Resource Area Archaeologist Bill Lindsey BLM Klamath Falls Resource Area Range Conservationist Lou Whiteaker BLM Klamath Falls Resource Area Botanist Heather Haycen BLM Klamath Falls Resource Area Visual Information Specia, st Jim Vienop BLM Klamath Falls Resource Area Writer/Editor

7. 18 95 Appendix 1-3 Appendix 2 Vegetation

7 18 95 Spencer Creek Watershed Analysis

Appendix 2-27185 7/1 8,95 stages using the two different methods Vegetation- described above.

In summary, it is important to note that Seral Stage historically the watershed contained about 8 to 11 percent nonforest land. In addition, the Breakdowns watershed had been impacted by fires historica,!y. Based upon Leiberg's descnp- (1899, 1945, and tion, the -Foresteo Area - 2MBF to 5MBF- was the result of an older burn. it is assumed that about 10 to 20 percent of the 1994) watershed was probably in early or early-mid seral stage at any one time due to repeated 1899 Leiberg Data fires. Based upon a comparison of percentages above, it is assumed that the watershed was probably composed of 65 to 75 Leiberg had 4 categories: percent mid and late seral forests at any 1. Nonforest Area: This included one time. burned areas, glades, meadows, marshes, lakes, semiarid tracts, etc. 2. Badly burned areas: We assumed that these were forested lands that had received some type of fire. They were classified as early sera] stage. 3. Forested Area: included all forested area that contained trees 4 inches in diameter or greater. We classified all these as either mid or late seral stage. 4. Logged Area (None found within this watershed)

In order to derive numbers for Table 2-1, we averaged the percentage of land in each c!assifcation stated above for the 8 townships surrounding and within the Spencer Creek watershed. The numbers were obtained from Leiberg's description.

Note: Later in the analysis process, Leiberg's 1899 vegetation map was digitized just for the watershed boundaries. This later analysis is a better representation of the actual historic breakdown of seral stages in the watershed, but the digitizing was completed so late in the process. that we can only include it in the Appendix. The percentages of the different seral stages is somewhat different that the other method, b 'hey: are still reasonably close. Table 2 -1 srowv.s the percent of the different seral

7 18 95 Appendix 2-3 Spencer Creek Watershed Analysis

Table 2-1. Comparison of Leiberg's 1899 Data: Comparison between averaging the 8 Townships within and surrounding the watershed and a digitized version of just that area within the watershed.

Seral Stage Averaging 8 Legend used in Using the Townships Leiberg's Digitized Vegetation Map. version of Within Watershed Leiberg's map. only. Within Watershed only.

Non Forest 11.4% Rock (Nonforest) 1%

Marshes,!Meadows 8%

Non Forest 6.7% Deforested area Burned as a result of 8% fires

Badly Burned 17% Forested Area - 11ic 2MBF to 5MBF1"AC (early-mid?)

Forested Area 18% 5MBF to 1OMBF,AC

Forested 64% Forested Area 56% 10MBF to 25MBF. AC

Note: Any pols - :s'er in GIS with a prefix 1945 Seral Stage Data of 34 indicates c ear-cut or selectively logged areas now restcc 'rg. in Spencer Creek, Using the 1945 Legend For County Forest approximately 15.367 acres (28 percent of Type Map, Eastern Oregon and Eastern the watershed) had Deen harvested prior to Washington. Prepared by Forest Survey, recording this data. Pacific Northwest Forest and Experiment Station", forest types were classified into seral stages based upon the limited description of that fores: type. Figure 2-2 lists the description gr.-n and the subsequent seral stage that it was abeled for this watershed analysis

Appendix 2-4 7 18 95 1994 Seral Stage Clas- The USFS had previously mapped plant sification Using PMR associations on their lands within the watershed. In order to be consistent with (Pacific Meridian Re- their plant associations, William Hopkins and sources) Mike Bechdolt, using Hopkins (1979) plant assoc:ation guide for the South Chdioquin and Karnatn Ranger Districts, mappec the The PMR ciassified the fiested areas into a plant associations for the remaining portiuo combination of sizes and structures. A of the watershed (private and BLM-admin s- complete description of the different sizes tered lands). Mapping was done in the field and structures that PMR classifies the but under a limited time constraint, so there stands into is available in the Winema may likely be some corrections to make in National Forest PMR Handbook. For this the future. Plant associations are shown in analysis, the size/structure classifications Figure 2-1 listed in Table 2-2 were found in the watershed and subsequently classified into a For the 1945 species group inventory data, seral stage or nonfo est category. Note that the descriptions listed in Figure 2-1 for the some areas were treated (harvested) after different timber types were used to map arid the time the PMR data was collected. Each determine the amount of acres of a domi- area that was treated after 1987 was field nant species. There was some discrepancy checked and assigned a size/structure in the classification they put on a polygon; classification and canopy closure based for example, 21 PONDEROSA PINE - upoan field review This was done only on SMALL. and the percentage by scecies that federal Lands. On private lands, the data occurred in that polygon. Sometimes the was not updated. However, because most percentage of white fir in that polygon was of the private land was already classified as higher than the percentage listed for pine. early, early-mid, or mid, we did not fee! it yet they called the polygon a PONDEROSA was as important to update the private and. PINE, SMALL. Therefore, 1945 species The data for private land reported in th s group data was somewhat hatd to interpret. analysis is likely more conservative than Table 2-2 is a summary of that query. wniat is actually there at the present tirme. Much of the private land has been thinned to For the 1994 species group information, treat the ongoing salvage problem. The PMR data was used. Sorne of the PNIR percentage of eariy and early-mid is like'y speces group classifications had to be somewhat higher or the private land than is lumped together for comparson purposes reported in this arnaiss. The 1994 spec es group PMR data was grouped as outrined in Tab'e 2-3. The data Note: For a complete description of what likely has some discrepancies, but does give these codes mean, please refer to the PMR a general indication of how much of the handbook available at the Winema National watershed is likely dominated by a particular Forest Supervisor's Office or the Klamath species or vegetative type. Falls BLM office.

7 18 95 Appendix 2-5 Spencer Creek Watershed Analysis

PLANT COMMUNITY AREA ASSOCIATION DESCRIPTION (ACRES) PERCENT

CL-S4-13 Lodgepole/huckleberry/forb 3,643 7%

CL-S4-14 Loogepole grouse huckleberry! long-stolon sedge 60 0 01^!.%

CM-S111 Mountain hemlock/grouse hucktecerry 1,320 2%z

CP Ponderosa pine 520 0.96 %

CR-Gi -11 Snasta red firilong-stolon sedge 903 2%

CR-SI-12 Shasta red fir-mountain hemlock/ pinemat manzanita/long-stolon sedge 1,775 3%

CR-S3- 11 Shasta red fir-white fir! chinquapin -prince s pine, long-stolon sedge 10,445 19%4

CW-C2-15 M:xed conifer,snowbrush-bearberry 19,635 36°o

CW-Hi -12 Wh ite fir/chinquapin-boxwood- prrce s pine 13,641 25°

CW-M1-11 White fir-alder/shrub meadow 122 0.23%o

FW Forb meadow 58 0.11%O

MW Wet meadow - surface wet/ all growing season 1,466 3^o

NR ncrforest rock 512 0 95%o

WL non-moving water 2 0.00%o

F~gure 2- P a'-' ASScSa w s Fot-t n the Spencer Creek Watershed

Appendix 2-6 7 18 95 Fire data records were obtained from the Canopy closure for existing stands was USFS GIS database for USDA Forest obtained using the 5 PMR canopy closure Service-administered lands. Records were designations (see Table 2-3). Field visits from 1961 to 1992. The years 1993 and were made and a canopy closure estimate 1994 were not in the USFS database yet. It given to all areas treated after 1987. is important to note that there were quite a Canopy closure for historic stands (1945) few fires in the watershed on USDA Forest was speculated from available aerial photo- Service-administered lands from lightning graphs of the area stormrs. For private and BLM-administered lands, QOF (Oregon Department of Forestry) records were obtained. Their database contained records from 1979 to 1994 with the year 1991 missing. The ODF re-cords indicate that the minimum f re size reported was 1 acre prior to 1990. After 1990, ODF records show minimum fire size down to 0.1 acres.

Table 2-2. Summary of Seral Stage Classifications

SERAL STAGE SIZE/STRUCTURE-DESCRIPTION CLASS IFlICATI ON GIVEN

Nonforest Grass, Water, Rock

Early Decadent Brush, Vigorous E-ush, Seedling, Seedlirg,.Sap~ nr, SeeJdhng S=az~ng, Pc~ie, LargeMSLD, Mediu.m, Seedy'Sapling, Large/Seed, Sapi~ng, Large Seed. Sapling,'Pole.

Early-Mid Pole/Small, Pole/MSLD, Pole, Pole/Small.

Mid SmallV SLD, Sma~llMedium, Small/MS-, Pole/MS+, Small, Medium,'SLID, Small,MS+ (less than 55% crown closure).

Late Medium, MS-, Medl-umiMS+, Medium/Large, LargeMS-, Large,.'MS+, Smal! MS++, Medium, Small,MS+ (greater than 55% crowN- dc!- sure). ____ - - ---

7 18 95 7,1895 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Appendix2-7 Spencer Creek Watershed AnalysIs

SERAL STAGE 1945 DESCRIPTION OF TIMBERLAND TYPE CLASSIFICATION GIVEN

Nonforest- NONCOMMERICAL ROCK AREAS

Early- DOUGLAS-FIR S E CL!'GSSNKI SAP' !NGS, forest of over 6B% Douclas-fir, 0-6" DBH. -NONRESTOCKED CUT-OVERS, nonrestocked logged areas having a residual stand of less than 1 M board feet per acre. 35A, cut after 1920, 358. before 1920. -DEFORESTED BURNS, Any nonrestocked burn, not cut over, 37A, drought killed, 37B, insect killed, 37C, wind throw.

Early-mid- PONDEROSA PINE, SEEDLINGS, SAPLINGS, AND POLES - forest of over 50% ponderosa pine, 0-12' DBH. -BALSAM FIRS-MOUNTAIN HEMLOCK, SMALL - forest of over 50% of either noble, pacific sliver, alpine, or shasta fir and,'or mountain hemlock, under 12' DBH. -LODGEPOLE PINE, SMALL - forest of over 50% lodgepcie pine, 6-12' DBH. -PINE MIXTURE, SMALL - mixed forest of from 20-50% ponderosa pine, 0-12' DBH. -UPPER SLOPE MIXTURE SMALL - mixed forest of larch, white fir, alpine fir, Douglas- fir, englemann spruce, lodgepole pine, or whtie fir, 0-12' DBH.

Mid- -DOUGLAS-FIR, LARGE POLES - forest of over 60% Douglas-fir, 12-20" DBH. -DOUGLAS-FIR, SMALL POLES - forest of over 60% Douglas-fir, 6-12' DBH. -PONDEROSA PINE, SMALL - forest of over 50% ponderosa pine, either selectively cut stands or immature stands, 12-22" DBH. -BALSAM FIRS-MOUNTAIN HEMLOCK, LARGE - forest of over 50% of either noble, pacific silver, alpine or shasta fir andior mountain hemlock, over 12' DBH. -LODGEPOLE PINE, LARGE - forest of over 50% lodgepole pine over 12" DBH. -LODGEPOLE PINE, MEDIUM - forest of over 50% lodgepcie pine 6-12" D8H. -PINE MIXTURE, LARGE - mixed forest of from 20-50% ponderosa pine, over 12' DBH. -UPPER SLOPE MIXTURE SMALL - mixed forest of larch, white fir, alpine fir, Doug!as- fir, englemann spruce, lodgepole pine, or whtie fir, over 12' DBH. -WHITE FIR, LARGE - forest of over 50% white fir, over 12' DBH. -WHITE FIR, SMALL - forest of over 50% white fir, under 12' DBH. -SUBALPINE - forest at the upper limits of tree growth, usually unmerchantable.

Late- DOUGLAS-FIR LARGE OLD GROWTH - forest of over 60% Douglas-fir, over 40" OBH. -DOUGLAS-FIR, SMALL OLD GROWTH - forest of over 60% Douglas-fir, 20-40" DBH. -DOUGLAS-FIR, LARGE SECOND GROWTH - forest of over 60% Douglas-fir, 20- 40 DBH. -PONDEROSA PINE, LARGE - forest of 50-60% ponderosa pine, over 22" DBH. -PURE PONDEROSA PINE, LARGE - forest of over 80% ponderosa pine, over 22' D6H. -PONDEROSA-SUGAR PINE MIXTURE, LARGE - forest of over 50% ponderosa pine and 20% or more of sugar pine, over 22"DBH. -SUGAR PINE MIXTURE, LARGE - forest of 20% or rmc e of sugar pine and less than 50,% ponderosa pine, over 22" DBH.

Fig--- 2-2 A-;5 fs:-_ c- cf T:mbetaand Type

Appendix 2-8 71181i95 Table 2-3. PMVR - Classifications

What Categories Were Combined

Rock Ro ck r c :m-o bir.;r Grass Grass (fno combine1 Water Water (no combining) Shrubs Areas dominated by brush (no combining) Mountain Hemlock Mountain Hemlock and Wl-Hitebark Pine Comrmunities Shasta Red Fir Shasta red fir and Shasta red fir/Mixed Conifers Mixed Conifer Less than 25% any species Mixed-Various conifer species White firs Mixed-Various conifers White fir Wh~te fir Douglas-fir/Ponderosa Lodg=epole pine Lodgepoc'- pine Loojgepole pine/ponderosa pine Ponderosa pine PonderoSa pine (no ccombir -2gl

7 18 95 71895 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Appendix2-9 Appendix 3 Cultural Resources

7 1895 Spencer Creek Watershed Analysis

7,x1895 Appendix 3-2 appenduc Hugh Charley and his family Introduction (both predecessors and descendants) are not related to the Spencer family, but have also been ~ong time land owners in the watershea- Hugh's oral history is also This appendix consists of five major parts. included in,this appendix. The first mnalor section of this appendix dleso-tes tn-e historiography (methodology Se-a-: -:c,_ctions of photographs a,= of hs rostudyi of the area, particularly as ;ro .:e: s appendix to help relate 7: it reiates to the Spencer Creek watershed. text, ' s,;ai caridiliors present when The second section is an autobiography of the pro-cs were taken. Many thanks to the Fred L Spencer. The third part is a biogra- Anes-am.!y for the use of their historic phy of Alce Isobell (Spencer) High. Part phctz-c-a:s four is a transcript of an oral history with Mer~e Anderson. The fifth part is an oral Nole: 7he-_e are many other descendants of listory interview with Hugh Charley. tthe ieothis summarized tree who are notc s-- - re. This tree was produced to To put the following sections into pe~rsective, he:c he _=ader keep track of those peop:e a summarized tree of the Spencer family is for,4- Aa have oral histories and,'cr provice:o This family tree is provided to bo-:es nitnis appendix. More corn- show, 'he relationship of the individuals (Fred pee.-':---a:;on is ava:lable at the BLM Spencer and Merle Anderson) described in the autcciography and oral history of this

H,:7_.Spencer' IMartin E S--encer Ma~y E Shick I t~~=e eS : ence r Elizabeth Taylor I ~~~~MerleW.~ Anderson' --- A---s"n - I I kl-- :---on Lorraine Oithoff

IEa~:y settler :n th~e Spencer Creek area Both Fred- L S:--a~nd Alice Ilsctbe: are children of Hiram and NMa - - b:cg~aph~ s are reproduced in this appendix.

2 See Leon s photo below.

See Mler'es oral history interview

7 18 95 71895 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Appendix3-3 Spencer Creek Watershed Analysis

- -

C.,inook Saircor aLaght at xnflzuence of Spencer C.aek art the Fis, be s fQifsa on SpGenct Creek, Ctarles Spfagu (R) arc -: - Karnat Rwverprcr tt19t7 y Cilanses A Sprague -Goserrmcr ot A-4ew (1Jaround 1900 (photo courtesy of the Aldeison family Xc:- Oregon frorn 1939 la 1943 6photo courtesy of the Anderson family col-D-9r photo coilecm)

A day of .xzckiebemy peckng at Suck Lake around 19G5 (photo courtes oy'tre A- fay Wy photo codl1eoon) Appendix 3-4 71'18 95 I T TREATY OF KLAMATH LAKE

0--% Lu i4 cfJsw if O S .4"0i.o a IJ. tM.LA" S F# 1S. 232.4u AwfaasI

m Jh44 asjIM10661 I. IIjPJ.A acre d4EdbA &iw ti)j '

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Treaty nmap of 1864

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t ' _- ' r A, -' t ¶ fI, -It' [I 'I I 9 - -- -- A

r-:ercsa pone fell In te Spencer Creek waershers oy e Anoderson 'a&7mly

7 18 95 Appendix 3-5 Spencer Creek W atersh~ed Analysis

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7 18 95 AXnPendix 3-7 Spencer Creek Watershed Analysis had a firm foothold in the Klamath Canyon. Historiography The Takelma were up on the divide of the Cascades, and apparently in conflict to A Brief History of the Spencer Creek some extent with the Kiamath. The Modoc Watershed appear to have had peaceful relations with by the Klarnath at this time, and shared re- William D. Yehle, M.A. sources within the Spencer Creek watershed. There is a historic record of a The Prehistoric Period combined Modoc:,Klamath presence in the watershed during the early historic period. Evidence of the first humans in the Klamath The Shasta lived primarily in northern Basin is tied to the find of two Clovis projec- California, but extended their territory north tile points along the Lost River. The time into the Rogue River Valley, and east up the line for Clovis points is the earliest projectile Kiamath Canyon. The Takelma held the point horizon in North America. mariking the middle and upper Rogue River Valley and beginning of the Paleo Indian period ap- the Bear Creek Valley as their lands. The proximately 11,000 years ago. These early Klamath held the territory in the Kiarnath explorers were big game hunters who Basin north of the Kiamath River, and the concentrated on large mammals, often Modoc lived south of the Klamath River and Mammoth or Mastodon. There is then a along the Lost River into the Tule Lake significant gap in our knowledge of prehis- areas of northern Califomia (Fagan et al. tory until the Middle Archaic period (7000 to 1993 pgs 3-4 and 5). 2000 years ago). This period is best illus- trated by the sites found at Nightfire Island Human Impacts on Spencer Creek iocated at the lower end of Lower Kamath Lake in California. After this time (2000 The prehistoric impact appears to be a years ago), there is a record of continuous seasonal use of the land for hunting and occupation by humans, but not necessarily gathering purposes, perhaps centered out of the same culture. a seasonal village near the confluence of Spencer Creek and the Kamath River. The Ethnohistoric Period Burial grounds are reported in the general vicinity, a logical cultural resource because History begins with written records. The we can always be sure that with human ethnographic (see glossary) present is that occupation people certainly did two things, period of time between the Late Archaic into procreate and die. the Historic period, in this case, approximately 1,000 AD to about 1850. To Native American use of the area appears to understand the time just prior to the histori- have ended abruptly at the end of the cal period, archaeologists try to extend the Modoc War. Prior to this time, during the ethnographic present back into time based early historic period several contacts are upon the information we have in the reported with Native American people, both ethnohistoric record, which is observed Klamath and Modoc. The Modoc Band led behavior and culture. Fagan (1993) states by Captain Jack is reported to be in the area the early ethnographic period appears to on a semi-annual basis, and to have specifi- reflect late prehistoric trends which can be cally visited at Spencer Station. Captain seen in the archaeological record. Jack, Schonchin John, Hooker Jim, Scarface Charley, Shacknasty Jim a-d At the time of Euroamerican contact with the Queen Mary (Captain Jacks sister) cfen Native American people in the Klamath stopped by during their seasonal round Basin, distinct tribal boundaries were in a when the men hunted and the women state of flux. Four distinct tribes vied for territory, the Klamath, Modoc, Shasta and Takelma. Spencer Creek appears to have been within a transitional area betveen the Klamath and Shasta, but clearly utilized by the Modoc, The Klamath were strongly entrenched to the north while the Shasta Appendix 3-8 711895 gathered epaws', wocus, berries and fished. others mentioned prominently in the it is said that Captain Jack often ate at the annals of the Modoc War, I knew as Spencer's during these visits.2 In the Lost a small boy. Queen Mary, as River Area, the Modoc warriors had a habit Captain Jack's sister was cafled, of walking into a homesteader's kitchen, was around with them. Nowadays sitting down and expecting to be fed. This they would call her a golddigger. may have been the case ir Spencer Creek During ther periodic visits, the A-::erson 1994) Ho ,we ,e-. Feed Loland '_doc Ch -tain frequent'y a-e Scencer n his memoirs te s of sitting on . nner w:- us I usec to sit cn - s Captain Jack's lap at dirre, and of playing !ap. He had a boy about my age with his children when tney visited Spencer who, with Ail Whittle [whose mo,.7e- Sta:ion. Fred Spencer f'z-er states that was a Modoc] taught me to speak Captain Jack asked for hem to be the the jargon interpreter at Lava Beds c_-,ng the Modoc War, because he trusted tle nine year old The as: reported contact with Captain Ja tcy In his autobiograply Spencer cites a' SpeoCer Creek is reported by Alice Is_ :ris as the reason the A-r.j took him along Spe'-e- Hilh after tne murders of Gene-a 'al the age of nine years %:h parental Carn-y and Revererd Thomas at Lava E- s ccrsent). In his memc'os. \see the autobiog- - .'-dzcs In her memoirs she rep :s rap ny) Fred Loland Spe-:er relates see - Cap:anr Jaos and Scarface Cha-'= a tI-e , '.ereattem7;pting to cross th0e rr, Captain Jack a-c -is tribesmen r-a- Szencer Stat on, in their final flionrt- were familiar fces to me during :ne U- -ed States Army. There were U S the two years a'- we moved to Ca'.a-y .trocpsat Spencer Station at i -: Spencer Crcc.'. They .vere in and ti.: ne Th e fro_0tprn; of si x h or ses w/_ -= around our place :wice a year on founoz at tne locatSon Isabelie pointau oztto their semi-annual )ass from the the a_-onrities. reservation for *.7e r supplies of Venison, Huck'eerries, fish, epaws pere Anderson, t-e oldest living Spe- - and Wocus or Irc an flour. Epaws cescendart. was ccrn in 'he Spencer . -> were roots they dLg. and were small - -te~ sned. near tne site of Spencer c-- ;fe peanuts wt a rich nut-like ir 5-9 3 1N1. Ande-son tells us he ca- - flavor, but cr;sp ir your teeth like e. ee -_member ar, Native American u.-- vwater chestn.;us It was not unusual fishing cr gathering in the Sp--- for my father to -ade a sack of flour, C-=._ a'zrshea dzring hs -fetime (see wnen we coulc spare it, to them for c - ry). H u -gnCharley ranches - a sack of dried huckleberries or pu.r-oased by his great grarcfather in epaws. ne- ,a-.ge runs f-om Lake of the woc^-- the north to below Buck Lake on the s5-- When they can^e to fish, they and from the west side of Buck Lake ir:; camped on Spen-er flat. Hooker Clove' Creek on tte east. Hugh, in his ^-a' Jim, Scarface Charney, Shacknasty h stony nterview. reports he has neve- s^-n Jim. Sconchin Jz-,n and many a Na: ye Amrerica! engaged in hunono flsrn - or- atner,r g activities on hfs ran r- os e rec2 -is father or graldp--- re- . slcn use see's akletoced tra: eea:s Ao>,d be gathered e scercer Creek Waterse-- as .rey prefe- rocky, wed f ae soil Whtch .s not tr-e -:,- for Spe7-ef CreeK The Historic Period 0-e re'erence to epaws s 'rz- a Native Arre'ican e.o-,^graphic referenoce c A S-er-s in nis memoirs Sce-oer Creek a-i its major contrt-uo- 'e-ers *o -mot d ,ggnt.^ - o epahs Ca.-as wouid ze a - grer protacbl t ^c: :-:: F ed Spe-,er refers to Cio. e Creek dra - an area of rouchy,' s- ,a-er :a -'g for e-a,.s -- s pcsstb e as they 5 -: 5 a os er:-eng the Kama:-.R-- _a.eoeetbrCo:-o _. -- besrnen aoo-: ,:e no- n side of John Sor e PeS--.^c eartu- ppere-dof -e fo:_ _eserozx 'r,,s t-o:e- z_ -e-cirs of Aice Isoceil p^_ f S 2s a pc -'very rear the _ - ^ew soe-Cer Mrs z- s-es_- her father nCLZ~t -e- oeca'se :re '-- . .s o- aaviseo h.m : ge: cre _;-e ate Tr cro-ee SKeanacerReive a 'ores: -o.:n- 1 :, -a- -r 'er reath tr-e - c'e_3te Tr- crosse3 Spencer C- <

7 18 95 Appendix 3-9 Spencer Creek Watershed Analysis The wagon ruts from the trail are visible at advent of the American Civil War, military that point. Less than a mile further east the activity in the Klamath Basin was for the Applegate Trail forded the Klamath River at most part. at a stand-still, as these re- a point below a prominent falls that was first sources were badly needed in the eastern exploited as a fishing station by Native United States. American people who occupied the area as a part of their seasonal round (Woods The town of Linkviile was established in 1994) The pool below the falls was later 1867, ten years after trapper trad!er Martin exploited by Euroamerican commercial Frain estaot shed his trading pcst in'that salmon fishermen until those runs were same year (1867), the first Euroamnerican halted by construction of COPCO Dam, settler, O.T. Brown homesteaded -on Spern- which has no fish ladder (Anderson 1994) cer Creek (Kliamath Echols 196-4). Mrs. Brown was tne first white woman settler tic The first Eurocamerican sertlement on arrive ano settle in Klamath County (Kia- Spencer creek occurred during the sumn-i-er math Echos No. 10). Hiram and Mary and fall of 1860 when Company L, 3rd Spencer crossed the pla~ns in 1860 from Artillery, commanded by 1st Lieutenan t Iowa. They settled in Ashland Oregon a-:; Alexander Piper. with sixty-six men estac- in 1870 bcuoht a sawmill on Scencer Creaed. lished Camp Day about one mile upstream from Melvi.n Taylor'. Later .tne:y purchase-: from the confluence with the Klamath Ri'ver the Brown Slatioin and 320 acres arcound (Oregon Historic Quarterly 1968). Second in confluence of Spencer Creek and the command was 2nd Lieutenant Lorenzo Klamath River from O.T. Brc..n. Spen-cer Lorain. Camp Day was named in honor of had traded hs home in Ashland and 160 Lieutenant Edward Henry Day, 3rd Arltiery. acres to John Waiker for 46 head of norses -;ho drcd at Fort LUrnpqua on January 2. Cash was rare in Oregon Tpirriltorv in tnose 1860, (Klarnath Echos 1964). Although days, and oarier was often U lt syb~crn us&O there are no records available, it is though in business transactions. Some of these that Camnp( Day was headquarters of an horses provided down-payment on the ia,-: expeditionary force in search of a location bought 'from O.T. Brown (see Warra~ 1; for a permanent Fort (Klamath Echos 1964) Deed O.T. Brown to Mary Elizabet;h Spen- Fort Klamath was subsequently established cer, 1875). The balance of tthe heri, was seven years later at its present site near the sold for S759. The Modoc: war had broke-' Wood River and Agency Lake. At that time, out and th~e horses were paid for in sc-ipt. -- or shortly thereafter, the stream was called be redeemed after the war (see autocioga-_ Eik Creek. Spencer Creek had %veral phy secton)-,. names prior to it's present day name. It was first known as Clear Creek, then Elk Cr eek,. Spencer S'ation was a sta::e stcz 1De then Wet Ass Creek', and finally Spencer Linkviile Xarirmath Falls) an:. Aslhlard. I: ; Creek (Fagan et al. 1994). not known 1fthe 40 by 60 fcot. twlostr structure was built by the Government or C, On August 12, 1860, Lt. Piper met with an O.T. Brown. The first floor had a kitchen assemblage of Klamath Chiefs and warriors, and barroom (for men), however it was a including Chiefs George and Kumtucky. barroom in name only, because no liquor Also among the Native American dignitaries was ever reported as havirng teen sod - was The Modoc Chief, Schonchin. A There was a parlor for the lOes and photcgraphic record of the event was made bedrooms for the family. The second c- by Lt Lora~n who among his duties, senved was a f-,een bed dormn~orv~ :its sa as the photographer Camp Day also Mrs. Spen-cer kept the bare f cors sk nrz: served the purpose of exhibiting a mil r Lighting w-.as from tallow ca-d'es an'd g-ease force to the Klamaths and Modocs. WI'n th~,e pots. Meals, usually venison du-ck a-o goose we-e served three tIn-es a Cday. a with w-!d plum jam, goosece-ry hiuclk ecieii and bia:~terry pies. Tre-e is somne inC,caiion tne -r~gn of th~s .a-e Morcoz: VAeTas wn,~ch does ric: transiate we~. in r•.a-,atih language Way-:as wcui mean Day Cree- 'c.~ehis has no ki-own assicciatioinsw~7n ',e ra-e of Ca-mp Day (Bettes. Persora! Cornmun~ca: con ',9941

Appendix 3-10785 7 1895 The winter of 1890 was extremely bad. cold and deep snow plagued the pioneers. It was during this timne, Mrs. Spencer heard a loud noise, ran for the door, as the roof of the station collapsed. She was biown off the porch by the force of the collapse. There was so much snow and ice, the Spencers had to nace her- bcdy ~nthe home-made coffin, and then wait until spring before they could reach Spencer Cemetery which was about one mile away.

Unfxrtura~ely, Spencer cemetery has been badley van(~alized Al least one grave has been dug !nto by looters, and several of the Spencer ~arnily headsc~nes are miss ng and presumed stolen. The Sper-cers hand eight children, Francts Ellen. Aden, Incindla, John, Hiram. Eugene, Fred Loiarnd, and RAJce lsobell. See +the'Spencer Cemetery' notes

Snencer Station closed as a stage stop after thme route change was ma-de in the MppitY&Ltz Tiaii A b,-dge was bult across th-e Klamnath River and eliminated the need to Luse the river ford iust north of Spencer Station The Spe-cer famrl went on to other enterprises clu'. did maintain a pres- enc,-e in the water-sl-ed.

7 18 95 71895 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Appendix3-11 Spencer Creek Watershed Analysis

Llamath Basin General Society 1555 Hope Street, Klamath Falls, OR 97603

Spencer Cemetery

From a very old cemetery on Spencer Creek and K'ainath River. On hill, south of the mouth of Spencer Creek, on the bank of KlamAth Liver, Klamath County, Oregon. 10 gravesites visible in 1961 whom read by DAR.

Ad^:~:-onal maer::al from Zwen Ca.rpbeli, :62, ..c visited with Esther S_ aers. dag;h- t:. ;'::lie An.erson who was a Spen..er.

DECKER DECKER W.y., age 73 years, 10 mc. 17 da. SPENCEROlive I., 1857-1871. :-,n O., 1855-1880. H:ram E., 1817-1905. Mary E., 1827-1890 wlfe of Eira=. woman who died in childbirth.

AN:hRSN :^fant son of L.W. & N.L. Anderszn, died Aug. 27, 1913. Marion R., age 22. Son of Harcus - kicked by a mule who left s-oe print in side. Narcus R., age 74, born l840; d:ed 1910. (grandfather to Esther Simmers) As-berry, age 69 (brother to Mar-us) CONNOLLY .other _aughter and infant - died in ch:ldbirth. SPENCER Daniel T., died June 26, 1897, age 10 yrs. 4 mo. 3 da. ( inflamatory rheumatos= -bro. to Mrs. Anderson. CR'283_ Frar.ces, E., wife of W.E. Gr'.ob, died June 11, 1902, age 52 yrs. 9 mo. 8 da. (Mrs. Arderson's aunt and Esther's great aunt.)

Notes: Marczs R. Anderson married Eva and they lived in Ashland and had Leon, Marczs Ray, and Walter Jay - twins, George, Zora, and Bertha, and Marion. Eva got pregnant again and when it came time to deliver, Leon - Esther's father rode to town after tne doctor but the _aby was born before they got _ack. Later Eva died. Marcus R. and r.:s brcther Ashberry packed up the eight kzds (bab^y named Chester) and moved to Yeno w-ere they homesteaded the place owned by Esther Si=ners in 1962. They came to Klamath County in 1894.

Dow-. on the c-.er side of the cemetery is w-ere the Spencer's and Gribb's hcmesteaded. Hiram Eugene Spencer married Mary E:_zaneth and in 1990 the winter was very severe anz: the roof caved :n and killed Mary Elizabeth. Z.eir son, Eugene Spencer married Elizabeth Tayl-r (buried in Ashland - both cf them) and Daniel T. Spenrcer and Nel::e Spe..^er were two of their children. Nellie Spencer married Leon Anderson. Esther *s born in 1902. Eleven years later Nellie had another baby and wouldn't go to town r.t gave birth at home. Two or three days later she had a terrible fever and delivered the twin of Merele which is the infant son buried in the cemetery. Nitch's mother pUt hot irons on her heart and feet and revived he, but in the process she was burned terribly and -as great scars on her arm and feet and wasn't able to walk for a long time.

Acczrding to History of Klamath County: in tart Leon Wilford Anderson born Feb 24, IE77 at Ham;itrn, C-regon. Ee drove a stage and also freighted between Parker Mtn and Klaath Falls, Fis father, Marcus bcrn 184^ and come to Flamath County n 294; _oed 195:. 'eo^ _s' when he came here. Married Nellie February 13, ;91:. Nellie born on Soencer Creek Nove.nber 19, 1S-2. Martn E. Spencer born April 15, 1860 _n Ic'.a and came to Klamath County :n le72 wnen 12 "Father Hora.z Eugene). o'ned and oerated Spencer Staton, a stage stoP over offering accoc--daticns for freighters and stages. Died May 22, 1936 ;ouroed in Asn-and). Nellie's mother (Elizabeth aylor, was born in 1860 in Jackson Cou3nty and marrec' Deze_ r 2, :881.

N'-c: Gwen -oce_ - material undcx _mented - _se for what it is wsr-.-. _n _an 'f 1<14' bcth Est..e- Simmers and her mcther, Ne''ie Anderson, were bcth zasd.

Appendix 3-12 7/18 95 At the turn of the century, the USGS pub- At one point in time, John Boyle headed a lished its twenty-first Annual Report. Part V scheme to divert the water of Buck Lake is a report by John R. Leiberg tited Cascade through Tunnel Creek into the Rogue River Range and Ashland Forest Reserves and Drainage to increase the supply of irrigation Adjacent Areas. For Details of Leiberg's water in the Rogue Valley. (See Hugh report see: Forest & Range Ecosystem Charley oral history). There are historic Health, in this report. Apparently the total photographs of Buck lake which show a effect of t-e Spencer (Taylor) MiAi on te large expanse of open water. The lake w; forested area of the Spencer Creek V:ater- formed bv a natural dam, and servec as a shed, around 1900, after several years of catch basin for runoff from the surrounding production, was not enough to be noted in hills which form the basin of Buck Lake. In Leiberg's assessment of the area. However, addition there is a large spring system that we know the mill did not operate fiul tine feeds the lake. Today, the natural dam has over the thirty year period, and that I been cut, and much of the spring water is eventually was sold, dismantled and moved. used to irrigate the pasture that has been Also, we do know it was a low production. built in the old wetland/lake bed. water power, operation. In an oral history interview with Merle Anderson, Great Other homesteads in the Buck Lake area of Grandson of the Spencers, he states. due to the watershed were acquired by the Forest the water-flow in Spencer Creek, the mill Service, canceled or if patented, soid. pond had to be refilled during the day to There appears to have been a thnvir.g real power the mill wheel. Mr. Anderson also estate speculation market in the watershed. states the production was "about 1.200 feet As part of this study we tracked 169 transac- a day"(Anderson 1994). Other water tions of various types. The land cwnership, cowered, sima!! saw,,,ills aiore reported to euu,,t~is.-a, pattern is dominated hy thc, have been started on Spencer Creek USDA Forest Service and Weyerhaeuser however there does not appear to be any Company with roughly equal holdings of trace left of them today. Leiberg reports more than 20,000 acres. BLM is the third 23,400 acres burned in a forest fire. Making ma or land administrator with over 8,30 the assumption that the fire was from natural acres returned to public ownership from 0 & causes, human impact on the watershed C Railroad lands. Private sector ownership ca1900 from logging activities was negligible is less than 4,000 acres. (Lieberg 1899). Little is known historically regarding the The Weyerhaeuser Company began opera- lancs in the Clover and Miners Creek t on in the area in 1923, and built Cacp 7 on tritutaries. There was some homes eading Spencer Creek. Camp 7 was a frame tent actvity near the headwaters of Cloner Creek camp. rather than a permanent st ru=ure. by the Whitcomb family. There are fsh in Tne Weyerhaeuser Railroad Aas exended Clover Creek that do not appear to be into the Spencer Creek drainage. With the native, but there is no known evidence of advent of more powerful tractors, skidders anadromous fish migrating into the drainage. and loaders, the railroad was gradually That is not to say that during prehistoric replaced by converting the existing grades times Clover creek was not flowing at a into roadways for logging trucks (Sokol greater rate. It is simply unknown due to 1994). There is extensive human impact on lack of research. the land, due to the logging activites of Weye. haeuser Company on lands thney own. Historic Impact

In 1942, Bill Vanderhelen bought the ranch The historic Impact begins with catte and a' Buck lake from COPCO. Ils c' ,nal sheep ranching and minor logging and intent was to raise muskrats for the fur. To sawmill activity during the 19th Century. th;s end. he built a series of d:Kes .n ne .a-e There are two primary and one secondary to enhance the muskrat habtat. At ne end source statements of fishing and Ash of World War 11,Mr Vander-elen atandcned processing activity. Alice lsoneil H g;h (see this pian and went to full time cattle ranch- her biography) states that there were fall ing runs of salmon up Spencer Creek. Merle Anderson (see his oral history) tells us his

7 18 95 Appendix 3-13 Spencer Creek Watershed Analysis father fished for salmon and smoked them at the ranch. Les Hinton who grazes cattle in Spencer Creek today, relates a story told to him by rancher Loyd Howard (deceased): Mr. Howard stated that his father would drive a wagon to the crossing (where the Applegate Trail crosses Spencer Creek), and using a pitchfork, load it with salmon. The wagon would be so full, the salmon would flop oUt going up the hqi! Hifnton pers. comm. 1995). Kaamath Tribe elders also talk of catching fish (not specifically salmon) at Spencer Creek. This activity was ended with the construction of COPCO dam which had no fish ladder and stopped the anadromous fish runs.

Merle Anderson tells us of the fish hatchery on Spencer Creek, and how his father scraped out the old Spencer Mill pond for the main hatchery pond. Water vis then piped to rearing ponds below the main catch pond which stored the creek water. He states 'the pipes kept plugging with moss and other growth due to the high manure levels in the water", and finally the ponds had to be abandoned due to the clogged pipe system. In his oral history interview (appended) he states that the Spencer Creek Hatchery trout were in demand because of their robust size and action. One might speculate on whether or not these were trout, feral salmon, or steelhead, landlocked by construction of Irongate Dam.

Appendix 3-14 74 8, 95 Creek and the Kiamath River from the 0. T. Autobiography Brown family on credit. About all my father had at this time was a yoke of oxen and a two year old colt. He had traded his home by Fred Loland and 160 acres in Ashland to John Walker for 46 head of horses, mostly wid. They ranged Spencer over on Roxy Ann, Grizzly Butte, and Emgrant Creek Mountain. Some of the norses provided a down payment on the This document given to William D. Yehle, land bought from Brown. After the others Archaeologist, Bureau of Land Manage- were sold for about $759.00. When the ment, Klamath Falls Resource Area. by Mr. Mlodoc War broke out in 1872, the horses Merle Anderson, December 1994 were paid for in script to be redeemed after the war. 1,Fred Loland Spencer, was bcm April 4, 1864, on the old Judge Tolman The station - I never knew whether place, three miles south of Ashland, Oegcn. it was built by the government or by Brown My parents, Hiram Edwin and Mary El za- - was a two story log structure, 40 ft. by 60 beth Spencer, crossed the plains in 1860, ft. The first floor had a kitchen, a barroom and settled on Emigrant Creek about a tear. for the men (The barroom was a complimen- ta.y Wtle, as no liquor was ever served there) Someone asked me what I reca l and a parlor for the ladies. The second about my early days in Ashland. There are story consisted of one large room, dormitory three things which stand out in my m~nz style with approximately fifteen beds. The T hheis uCieThanksgiving that I was four floors were bare but shining due to my years old, sitting silently with my parents mother's untiring efforts. Tallow candles around a bare table. My mother said rather and grease pots served as lights-meals sadly 'The Lord will provide.' The con ersa- three times a day, days without end con- tion was interrupted by a whir of wings arid a s sted of venison, wild ducks and fish, fried grouse flew in the door, chased in by a potatoes and sometimes boiled potatoes hawk. My mother caught It and roasted it for and hot biscuits. Often there would be we'd dinner. The other members of the fain :y p;um preserves, huckleberry and blueberry dele- (sp ?) it was the best tasting grcuse pies. they had eaten. I do not recall being hA ngry. That Thanksgiving day has always bee- in I can see my mother, yet. short aniJ my mind I have always trusted in the L rd heavy. Father was a large man, a six foote: for everything. He wore white shirts, unbleached mushin at al times. He never condescendec to wea- The second most important event in suspenders, preferring to depend on a rol. ,, my life was the building of a barn on the shirt and trousers. family property in Ashland by my brother-in- law, Ash McCord. It is still standing in Captain Jack and his tribesmen Ashland with its square nails, wooden Pegs, were familiar figures to me during the two and handhewn sills. years after we moved to Spencer Creek. They were in and around our place twice a At six, I wasn't so young but v-al I year on their semi-annual pass from the could remember and admire a tomboy reservation for their supplies of Venison, playmate, Rachel Applegate, who ha- a pet Huckleberries, fish, epaws and Wocus or peacock that screamed. She outdid ft. No I-d;an flour. Epaws were roots they dug, one ever suffered from boredom in he anid were small like peanuts with a rich nut- neighborhood. She was a very pretty and lie flavor, but crisp in your teeth like water clever girl, who later married Mose A z4d. chestnuts. It was not unusual for my father to trade a sack of flour when we could spare In 1870 the folks bought a sa.-mi: x.to them for a sack of dried huckleberries or on Spencer Creek from Melvin Na'!e Later epaws. my father purchased the Brown stayo anad 320 acres around the junction of Spe oer

7118 95 Appendx 3-15 Spencer Creek Watershed Analysis When they came to fish, they By the time the soldiers arrived to camped on Spencer flat. Hooker Jim, return Captain Jack and his people to the Scarface Charley, Shacknasty Jim, reservation, the women and children were Sconchin John and many others mentioned safely in the Modoc stronghold. Collie prominently in the annals of the Modoc War, Stowe, the cook for the soldiers, personally I knew as a small boy. Queen Mary, as gave me his version of the encounter. As Captain Jack's sister was called, was the children from Fort Kamrath approached around with them. Nowadays they would the wickiup and gave the order to surrender, call her a golddigger. During their periodic warriors were disguised as squaws care- visits, the Modoc Cho.efks , frenu iently ate lessly walked out and into the Tule Marsh dinner with us. I used to sit on his lap. He where their horses were secreted. (EC!tor's had a boy about my age, who, with All note: the word children is definitely wrong, it Whittle whose mother was a Modoc, taught must be that the word should be soldiers.) me to speak the jargon. Captain Jack was a Scarface Charley, the last one out, turned fine looking Indian very straight, thin and all and fired into the ranks of tee soldiers, and muscle. In descnbing him I am reminded of when the latter charged the wickiup, they the amusing comment given by an old found it as bare as mother Hubbard's pioneer of the fifties, who acquired a small cupboard. fortune and was persuaded to visit Europe for a bit of culture. He took one look at the The indians then made their way to statue of a Creek God in Italy and ex- the Lava Beds, taking tme out, however, for claimed, 'My God, a Mohawk!'. the Brotherton and Boddy murders. The first of the next year 1873, Captain Joseph H. In the history books Captain Jack is Hyzer and his soldiers of Jacksonv;e were pictured as wearing a shirt. I never saw him stationed at out place. Hyzer had a Cavalry with one. When he came to our station he unit. It was his business to prevent the wore moccasins, a breech clout, a head- indians from reaching tre Rogue River dress and a quiver of arrows slung over his Valley. By this time, runners from Port left shoulder. Usually he carried a spencer Klamath had arrived to "el; my father to rifle along with his bow. His squaws were move his family out. This my father declined mostly in calico. They usually wore more to do. He was not afrad. One evening than one dress and didn't bother to remove Captain Hyzer received word by runner that the first dress-merely donned another and the indians were out of the Lava Beds and then another. The last time I saw the Modoc coming to Ashland. HIs c.ders were to Chieftain, until after the was, was in the fall cross the river and to heac them off. When of 1872. He came in for dinner as was his he was ready to leave -e z-soovered that habit, and my father who had been hearing someone had cut the ferry loose. The boat rumors, asked to see his pass. After a floated down the river and h-ad lodged a mile perusal of it, my father said, Cap, you'd below the emigrant ford on some rocks. It better get back to the agency.' You've been was rumored that Bill Knney cut the cable, out three weeks too long.' Calmly Captain at least that was the opinion among the Jack said, 'Ho no go back.' 'You get in Cavalry. That night Hyzer came to my trouble", advised by father. 'I no care', father and asked if I a nine year old boy, shrugged the warrior. After a brief stay, the might act as his guide to tne Lava Beds. Modocs moved to Lost River to finish their People have asked me wry my father didn't supply of Millet. There three settlers notified volunteer as a guide. Yy rather was a busy the agency of the undesirable-visitors. man. He operated a sas.'.! and supplied hay for the string of tea-s tnat came Captain Jack had twenty-seven through. I had played around camp-was a warriors, not counting the young lads of sort of mascot for the soi:.ers. I had my sixteen and upwards. Histories list the own pony. I rode as eas. y as I breathed renegade chiefs force at fifty and sixty and was thoroughly fa2, ar with the country braves. Perhaps the army didn't wish to publish their embarassment over the hide With somethn7g a>. n to a t:rm l I and seek game in the Lava Beds, or per- heard my father sayrng. -s-.e, take him haps they did not count the young boys. along, if he's any good to you". At midnight by the aid of a grease po' ight, I saddled my

Appendix 3-16 7.!18,95 pony. He was white with black ears and overcoat to fit me. I kept this ittle uniform black eyes. He resembled Captain Jack's and wore it until it was in shreds. The except that the latter had no black on him soldiers at camp armed-in fact they fixed me whatsoever. It was a beautiful moonlight up sassy-as my grandchildren might say. night in February and the stars shone coldly They hung a 44 colt in a holster on my overhead. We threaded our way up the little saddle, and laid a sawed-off needle gun with hill past the chalk banks and over the big a bayonet in front of me, when I was eddy. Captain Hyser and I were in the lead mounted. with our horses. As we rounded the bend, I couldn't help but wonder if the turtles, some A few weeks after General Canby's of them only about the size of a dollar, death, at the hands of Captain Jack, while I weren't out on the rocks enlivening the was out on my pony I sighted Scarface scene with occasional silver spills in the Charley and Hooker Jim trying to get roots water. Of course, a small boy couldn't say and fish. I rode around and came in behind anything like that to a Cavalry Captain. His them. I was close enough to note 'quivers' mind would be certain to be on better things. of arrows on their backs and the bows beside them on the bank. I gave them the Our journey led us across the customary greeting in Modoc and called. emigrant ford and over black mountain. Ase 'You're getting something to Eat." we took a turn in the trail on the mountain in the bright moonlight I was aware of a Hooker Jim grunted and Scarface who stinging sensation in left leg and realized I recognized me but had no knowledge that I had an arrow in it. was with the soldiers, merely said, `Ycu no telium pale face." I answered in the rn.:a- I'm shot," 1 half w.:hspered to the tive and returned to camp siX m"les 2v?', Captain. I may have screamed it out, but I Here I gave the information to Captain could barely hear my own voice. They Hyzer, who sent George Doney and Henry haulted long enough to fix me up. They Roberts out to bring them in. haulted long enough to fix me up. The doctor cut the quill end of the arrow, pulled It was in the late spring of 1873, and shr-'y out the rest of it and ran a sterilized rang after this the Modoc War was over. The through the hold in my leg. It was a font Tomahawk taken from Captain Jack when tipped poisoned arrow. I do not consider he was captured was given to me. I trea- tnat it was from Modoc hands. I am of the sured this along with a gold dollar, a ci't cpirior that it came from the double- from General Canby on his visit to cL crossing Klamath Indians who secretly sation. I treasured this with a lot of E-: so sneaked guns to the Modocs while they relics which were stolen from me in 18So. pretended friendship with the government. I think that was about the twenty- We arrived at the Lava Beds at half- second of May in 1873. In about four cays past one the next day. Perhaps I would just after the taps were blown, we saw an have been sent home, had it not been for indian coming with a white flag. He stopped the wound, which swelled the entire leg. I about a hundred yards away. Capt. HKze' was laid up in camp for about a week. The asked me if I knew that Indian and I sa c inp ry was about ten inches long and livid in "Yes, that is Shacknasty Jim, one of Ca::a.n apcearance. Today the scar is the size of a Jack's worst warriors." The Captain a-7 pcker chip. three or four men went out to meet him, and he told the captain, 'You bring Spence, As soon as my leg healed, I was out Pappoose, me tell him.' scout:ng on my pony. The extensive lava count-y was a mass of crevices: the indicans One of his men camp after me I coudi run for cover in any direc 'on. They talked to him in Modoc. He said Jack .,:u'd cc!d and did snip the soldiers off at will. not surrender to the regular Capta;n. He would not surrender to the Warm Spnr:s The company's tailor said to me, if Indians, but he would surrender to the S ya ycure going to be a soldier you might as we:l Killipie Jacksonville Captain-Thatloud be dress like one.' He cut out a suit and an Captain Hyzer. I told the Captain and ,,e

7 18 95 Appendix 3-17 Spencer Creek Watershed Analysis made arrangements for the Captai, Jack, to in area. This was surrounded by solid walls come inat nine o'dock the next morning. of dull red lava more than a hundred feet He did. After they were locked up. we high. In its very center stood a pillar-like started out to bring the rest and the ponies. Java all of three hundred feet high. It They were all ready when we got there I resembled a shaft of an immense chimney- asked the Captain if I could put my rope on and ft all but smoked. Near its southern Captain Jack's pony and he said 'sure. I base was a large water hole which was did, and the next morning Captain Jack much visited by bears, mountain lions, asked for me. I went to see him. He said. wolves and the wildcat, as evidenced by the 'Your iskum nika couston', meaning 'did you many prints on the damp grouna; Nearby get my pony"?. I told him I did, in Modoc, this strange forbiding hollow is today known and he said, Nioka Pot Latch Nika couston, as the first stronghold of the Modoc Indians. meaning "I give you my pony'. I thanked him in Modoc. I had the pony for four (To be continued in the winter issue.) months and when the officers came from Jacksonville to get what stuff that was left at (TITLE NOT READABLE)...... _ our station, such as guns and ammunition, clothing and hardtack, they took the pony. It was into thls Lava Crater that They almost broke my heart.. Capt. Jack, the Modoc Chief, led his 27 warriors and their squaws and children- I can't he p but think what a great onehundred seventy five souls, in all, and day the twenty-sixth of May in 1873 was for hiding when troops of the first Cavalry, me. The soldiers took turns about picking second and twenty-first infantry began to me up and carrying me around, yelling bravo round the hostile modocs into the Lost River a-d hero, and they called me captain, Valley. It was in this kettle-hole that the colonel, major and general-everything they Modocs succeeds into iCnering by means could think of. of horsehair ropes a number of their poinies for a future food supply. Here for seven long In 1927 1ran across George Doney. months they maintained their stand against He asked me if I was getting my pension. I the military forces of the U.S. As we went told him what would I get a pension for. He through we rode into a dim trail which led said he was getting $75.00 a month and I downward and seemingly into a very bowels deserved it too, so he-made out an affidavit of the earth. Presently, we reached a for me, but I was turned down. I was not on tunnel-like passage through which we the payroll and had no discharge. Thatis the crawled for about a quarter of a mile. way it goes with the old pioneers who fought for their country. Suddenly we carme into the open- arena-like expanse-and I gazed upon a After the war was over I wanted to chaotic lava vastness, of rnctner earth's go through the lava beds. So four of us greatest volcanic upheavals. In profound started to go in. One of them was a girl admiration our eyes rested upon what I whose father and two brothers had been justly may term a monstrous volcano. This killed the beginning of the war. This is giant stump of black lava forms no oval at its where the indians had the best of the base and towers into a pcinted top nearly a soldiers as they could run in every direction. thousand feet into the blue california sky. The bottom of this was an appalling trench On the northern slope this monstrous mound was very uneven and dotted with puddles of is roughly terraced into th-ee distinct stories stagnant ill smel ing water. A pool larger with many xx vaves cpe- .n;s and holes. than the rest was alive with large green and We stood on familiar grc..nnd. I had been block dotted frogs and repulsive lizards. there before. Countless redhaired mink were running everywhere. We came to a high ridge of We pointed cut ca e-like retreats smooth lava resembling the back of an from which the Mocces ^: hilt ou troops. enormous prehistoric animal. We continued These xx caves and -:.es a-e tire lairs of through a narrow passage, a mere slit wild beasts, and strcng z c-s revealed the between towering lava walls, which let us presence of bear, wdca' and the bat. We into an open circular space all of two acres could see a scraggly cecar that stood upon

Appendix 3-18 71'8i,95 pony. He was white with black ears and overcoat to fit me. I kept this little uniform black eyes. He resembled Captain Jack's and wore it until it was in shreds. The except that the latter had no black on him soldiers at camp armed-in fact they fixed me whatsoever. It was a beautiful moonlight up sassy-as my grandchildren might say. night in February and the stars shone coldly They hung a 44 colt in a holster on my overhead. We threaded our way up the little saddle, and laid a sawed-off needle gun with hill past the chalk banks and over the big a bayonet in front of me, when I was eddy. Captain Hyser and I were in the lead mounted. with our horses. As we rounded the bend, I couldn't help but wonder if the turtles, some A few weeks after General Canby's of them only about the size of a dollar, death, at the hands of Captain Jack, while I weren't out on the rocks enlivening the was out on my pony I sighted Scarface scene with occasional silver spills in the Charley and Hooker Jim trying to get roots water. Of course, a small boy couldn't say and fish. I rode around and caime in behind anything like that to a Cavalry Captain. His them. I was close enough to note 'quivers' mind would be certain to be on better things. of arrows on their backs and the bows beside them on the bank. I gave them the Our, journey led us across the customary greeting in Modoc and called. emigrant ford and over black mountain. Ase You're getting something to Eat." we took a turn in the trail on the mountain in the bright moonlight I was aware of a Hooker Jim grunted and Scarface who stinging sensation in left leg and realized I recognized me but had no knowledge that I had an arrow in it. was with the soldiers, merely said, 'Yau no telium pale face." I answered in the nega- 'I'm shot, I half vhispered to the tive and returned to camp six m es awny Captain. I may have screamed it out, but I Here I gave the information to Captain could barely hear my own voice. They Hyzer, who sent George Doney and Henry haulted long enough to fix me up. They Roberts out to bring them in. haulted long enough to fix me up. The doctor cut the quill end of the arrow, pulled It was in the late spring of 1873, and sh;rty out the rest of it and ran a sterilized rang after this the Modoc War was over. The through the hold in my leg. It was a flint Tomahawk taken from Captain Jack whmen tipped poisoned arrow. I do not consider he was captured was given to me. I trea- that it was from Modoc hands. I am of the sured this along with a gold dollar, a cit.* opinion that it came from the double- from General Canby on his visit to our crossing Klamath Indians who secretly station. I treasured this with a lot of Enc s-i sneaked guns to the Modocs while they relics which were stolen from me in 1885. pretended friendship with the government. I think that was about the twenty- We arrived at the Lava Beds at half- second of May in 1873. In about four days past one the next day. Perhaps I would just after the taps were blown, we saw an have been sent home, had it not been for indian coming with a white flag. He stopped the wound, which swelled the entire leg. I about a hundred yards away. Capt. Hy-zer was laid up in camp for about a week. The asked me if I knew that Indian and I sax injury was about ten inches long and livid in 'Yes, that is Shacknasty Jim, one of Ca:-a.n appearance. Today the scar is the size of a Jack's worst warriors." The Captain and poker chip. three or four men went out to meet himr. and he told the captain, 'You bring Spencer As soon as my leg healed, I was out Pappoose, me tell him." scouting on my pony. The extensive lava county was a mass of crevices; the indicans ; - One of his men camp after me. I could run for cover in any direction. They talked to him in Modoc. He said Jack viculd coed and did snip the soldiers off at will. not surrender to the regular Captain. He would not surrender to the Warm Sprr.:s The company's tailor said to me, oif Indians, but he would surrender to the Siya youre going to be a soldier you might as well Kil!ipie Jacksonville Captain-That wou'd be dress like one." He cut out a suit and an Captain Hyzer. I told the Captain and vie

7 18 95 Appendix 3-17 Spencer Creek Watershed Analysis he came to me and said, 'Sis, You know you The men got to Ashland the next got under my hide. I am so homesick I can't morning. Sis went up to see his mother, stand it any longer.' In about a week he Mary AJisibeth. She was so proud and came to me and said he was going home happy to see him. She fixed him breakfast and that the boys all wanted me to be their while they talked. Nothing was said about foreman. I got along fine with them. We got the ride, but Mary knew. You couldn't live in ready for the round-up in the fall. Ashland and not know about it for it was the talk of the town for days. Mary had that kind The folowing s an axount of my of silence that gave Sis the ccn,; ence he riding the Man Killer, which was written up needed. He knew nis mother was a woman by one of my granddaughters: who kept close to God.

George Stevenson, who owned the It was about 5:30 when Sis went livery stable, wrote to O.-,ver 0. C. Applegate down to the square. There was a big crowd at Swan Lake to make a bet that Sis could and everyone was so interested n the ride the man killer. He was a big 1200 excitement that they couldn't take time to pound strawberry roan horse, with white ask Sis how he felt. the just told him to be stocken feet and one eye was white (they sure and ride the killer as Ith-ey nad their called it a glass eye). Non one had ever money on him. rode this killer. He was raised on Roxie Ann, had the range of Roxie Anr. Jersie T'he big moment came a-, there Butte and Imperial Creek Mountain. was a big silence wMen Sis wenk, out to Lhe Killer. When he hit the saddie, he reached Oliver was a good man but couldn't over and pulled off the leather b:nd'fold. The turn down a sure bet as that one-even if he Killer started bucking. He went to the right knew his own mother was riding. That was and then to the left, and then he jigged a the life of the cattleman. Sis, had heard of little. Sis was still on and he stayed there. the killer, but he had never been thrown The killer went through all the bucking tricks from a horse since he w.as ten years old. any horse ever tried. Clay and Jim stocd After making the statement that he could there with their lips ... and that oeep silerce ride any horse, Sis couldn't see any reason that you could almost feel the warmth and why he should turn down th;s ride, and there paid that they felt for Sis after twenty min- was that nick-name, Sis. that he had to think utes of that kind of nding. Sis's nose was of. the men had learned to love and plenty bleeding, he had that sort of cazed look in of respect for Sis, and S's was the kind of his eyes that made you feel he would stick man that couldn't let anyone down. to the killer until ft was over fo- Lhe two of them. Sis set his jaw and jam...med his nght They set the date fcr the ride-July 3, spur under the cinch; then he anmed hs 1883. It was to be at Ashland in the square. left spur under the cinch. Just then the killer It was quite a place to hold a thing like that. raised his 1200 pounds up on his hind feet. And the next day being the fourth of July, put his front feet together, bowed his neck everyone could stay over for the fireworks as if to say this is the end of him, (Sis). He and spend their money from the winnings. came down on his front feet so hard that he tore he legs off the shoulders. The killer lay Sis and the boys, about thirty of there. Sis knew that the kilter had stopped. them, saddled their horses the afternoon of but he couldn't rouse htimself enough to pull the second and rode ir-.to Ashland. There himself off. It was only a seconrd when Ciay was a lot of talk about t-e ride on the way and J=m were at his sice loosening the c.nch over. Clay Rambo (The father White the so they could take Sis off. They laid him on mother Indian) ra sed ...... and Jim W. the ground. A layd had a botte of corn Whiller (Roller Skatfrg expert) stuck close to squeezings and they poured it down Ss's Ss. They didn't ..... -_-hc about it, for throat By that time the drugg st was there against the nde. Bi? A-e was that feeling witn h.s remeJzes. Alter abc_ t',enty between the three c' them that was close manures Sis came too encioo to realize that and warm, and they a cit have to talk as he had been the f-st man to r'de the K;: er, they knew silence soretimes brought more and to prove that he was not a sssy. strength to the one on the spot.

Appendix 3-20 7, IS 95 George Stevenson gave him three scared and quit the job. Things now began hundred dollars. The boys took Sis and had to boom in Ashland, so my father sold out his picture taken. they were so proud of and went back to Spencer Creek. I had forty Sis-they wanted to do everything for him. head of nice heifers, four mares, and three They all insisted that he take some of their saddle horses. My brother and I ran a saw winnings. Sis went up and gave his mother mill that summer. One day I dot on my most of his money before he started back to horse and went to look after my heifers and Swan Lake. as I got close to them I heard one of them bawl like she was hurt. I put spurs to my One of the boys had been over to horse and grabbed my gun and I thought It Sprague River and his horse went lame on was a cougar or a bear, but it was three him and he left it there. We got word that indians. One had her by the head and one some horse thieves stole some horses and by the tail, the other one was going to cut his horse was in the bunch. I got up the her throat. She was down when I got there, next morning and went out on the range and I had shoved my gun in my fore of my saw them coming down coyote canyon. I saddle. I told them they had to pay me for rode and told the boys to go across Badger the heifer. The one that was holding the Flat and get them as they came out of Wild heifer grabbed my horse and said 'Iskum', Cat Canyon and take all their horses and that means 'get him', I grabbed my gun and send them on their way on foot. But when got them before you could say 1-2-3. I he saw them on his horse he began shoot- threw them in a beaver dam and went home. ing and he got both of them. He hung them When I got home my mother said 'what is up on a juniper tree and put a tag on their the matter with you?' 'Your as white as a back stating that If anyone took them down sheet.' I told her all and she said NO My before they rotted diown they would get the Cod". aed walked off. same. The next Sunday morning I got up early and went up the ridge. I saw a lot of I believe I know as much about the turkey buzzards flying around and discov- Rogue River as anyone. My father knew all ered that they had eaten oen of the men. I of the settlers that came out here in 1849- went back and told the boys to go over and 50- and 18.52 from Illinois. He came cut in bury them. 1860 and ran into his old friends. The, told him all that had happened and helped him In the fall the former foreman all they could. In 1869 Cap Duskjn, A.J. returned and I wanted to go home. As I ..... Walls and Sam Colver came to our place through Linkvile, I heard of an indian boy and wanted my father to go down to Table who got out of jail and there was a twenty Rock and put a fence around the place dollar reward offered for him so I went to where the peace pipe and tomahawk were Spencer Creek. My brother-in-law, W.B. buried, the 10th of September 1953. Grubb, was then running the station. The next morning while we were at breakfast the This is just a few of the things I have indian boy came in for breakfast. After he done when not riding wild horses or driving had been gone a while I said, 'I believe that stage. At one time I knew everyone from is the indian boy for whom there is a twenty Roseburg to Lakeview. dollar reward". I took two of my horses and went after him. I overtook him and yelled at One of the hardships I experienced him to surrender. He ran his hand in his in Oregon was on the 23rd of January 1889- pocket and said, 'I'll shoot". I threw my rope 90. We ran out of hay. I bought two stacks over him and started down the road, he of hay from R. A. Emmitt. My father and soon yelled. I took him back to the house brother moved our stock to Keno the next and Bing Grubb took him to Lakeview and day over a hard packed road of about 4 feet got the twenty dollars. of snow. That same day it commenced snowing and about three fee' c' new snow We now learned that the railroad fell. The wind blew so hard C eni the snow was coming here and I worked on the all over the north side of a two swary house railroad that winter. When the railroad got to that my mother was in. Abou. tvelve o'clock Ashland, I worked in the roundhouse, but the house commenced to crack and mother when they put me on the switch engine I got ran out in the snow and screamed. I heard

7 18,95 Appendix 3-21 Spencer Creek Watershed Analysis her and ran over to her and there she was in three feet of new snow with nothing on but her nightgown. I carried her over to our In September 1882, I came to house. The next morning she wanted to go Ashland and the stage driver that drove to over and pack some things. She said if the Grants Pass was kicked by a horse. He house commenced to fall she would run out wanted me to drive the stage to Grants the back door and she told me to go and Pass. I could come back on the next stage break the road as far as I could so my father but when I got there that man was drunk. could come home. I broke the road and So I had to go to Cow Creek. When I when I got back thy house was st!!' standing. arnvea at Cow Creek that driver was aisu I packed in some wood for my wife and drunk and I had to take the stage to when I went out the house was down. It had Roseburg. I had eleven women in the stage broken off at the top floor. I ran over there nine inside and two on the seat. As I started but my mother had run out the front door up the hill a man stepped out from behind a and the house buried her under the snow tree and said 'This is a stick-up-throw out and timber. I went back home and told my the box.' I reached down in the boot and wife I would have to go for help. I started got a king bolt. I said she is a heavy one out with a seven foot pole at 9:00 AM. the you will have to help me get it out. As he snow had drifted so you could hardly see the came up I hit him above the ear with the road. I had to break the road 7 miles but I king bolt and knocked him out. I tied his got to Keno about - P.M. My brother-in- hands and feet and put him in the back boot law, - Grubb, got his team and some When we arrived in Roseburg he had come men and we started back about 4 p.m. We to. I never heard what they did with him. got back to Spencer Creek about 12:30 at The women all took my address and I got a night we not my mother out about 2:30 and log of nice presents from all of them. I made a rough box. About 8:30 A.M. we all vowed i neverrwu' take that trip again and started for Keno and we got within two miles I never did. of Keno and our horses gave out, so we had to leave the sled with my mother's body in In February 1883, a man underbid the box. However, we had a big newfouling Bob Gafett on the stage route from Ashland dog and a water spaniel that t stayed with to Linkville. He lived in the east and he sent the sled all night and when we got back the his boy out here to run the route for him. next morning the coyotes had a trail beat around the sled but the dogs had kept them They had a lot of the best horses, off. This was the fate of a brave mother that and stages I ever saw. But he was a drove an ox team over the xx plains in 1860. Drunkard and a mean man. When he got here all h;s men quit him and someone tola him about me. I had heard about him and told him I did not want the job. He said he would give me twenty dollars if I would make one trip for him. That was when the big flood was back in 1883. I made dtover the first two crossing of immigrant creek, but when I got to the upper ford I told him I could not make it but he said the mail had to go. I had two girls on the front seat with me. I unpacked the apron and told one of the g ,s to take hold of her sister. And when i toid them to jump to really jump. When the horses hit the water, it happened The lead horse jackknifed and the lead bars slipped over the goose neck and we jumped. I grabbed an aider limb. The water swung .s around and I grabbed another limb. I got and helped the two girls out and when-we left the stage it turned around and lodged against an elder tree. The man was on tcp

Appendix 3-22 7,18 95 of the stage and walked off. If we had stayed on the stage we would not have gotten wet. The horses were all drowned. We went down to Doziers and they gave the girls some dry clothing. We went up to the Soda Springs. In about two hours the creek had gone down.

I took the four horses tha;t I had dnven from Ashland and started for Linkville. The man went back to Ashland. As I cam back I met Bob Garett with Mike. He said the man gave him two thousand dollars to take the job off his hands. Let him use his horses till he could get his horeses back on the line and when they did he wanted me to take his horses and the stages to Redding. So I did. We had to take the tongue out of one stage and put a short tongue in at. I hitched up six horses and tied one horse on the side of the six, that made twelve horses in the string, and I tied the rest behind the stage. I had to go in the night then so I would not meet anyone. With that long string it took four ni Vt to ~nate !i.

7 18 95 Appendix 3-23 Spencer Creek Watershed Analysis - sawmill on Spencer Creek, that it was water An Oral History powered. Later my grand daughter got a hold of papers on the Spencers, and that cleared a lot of things up that we were Merle Andrson wondering about. They came across the plains in 1860, and my great granddad Interview By walked the whole distance driving cattle. William D. Yehle, M.A. At They went to Ashland? Brookings Oregon December 20,1994 Ans: Evidently settled in Ashland and then one of his daughters wasn't in very good Bill Yehle, Lakeview District, Kaamath Falls health and the Doctor said to get her out in Resource Area the tmber and get a better climate than Ashland. He thought she would do better. Oral History Review With Mr. Merle Ander- Get her out where she would have some son in Brookings Oregon, 12120/94. horses. cattle and dogs and stuff to play with, she would forget her troubles and get Merle Anderson is a direct descendent of well. He got to looking around and ended Hiram and Mary Spencer. Hiram and Mary up at Spencer Creek buying that sawmill. He Spencer crossed the plains in 1860 coming didn't have any money to but it with so all he from Iowa, They bought a sawmill on did was trade. They moved to Spencer Spencer Creek from Melvin Taylor. Later Creek in 1871. The house they lived in was they purchased the Brown Station and three the too part of the sawmill, the sawmill was hundred twenty acres around the confluence the lower floor so they didn't have much of Spencer Creek arid the Kaamath River living space. After a few years he traded from O.T. Brown. Spencer had traded his someone out of a house and some land. It home in Ashland and one hundred and sixty was a big two story house and they lived in it acres to John Walker for forty-six head of until his wife was killed. It was a heavy horses. Some of these horses provided the snowstorm that winter and the top of house down payment on the land he bought from fell in and crushed her. I have papers that 0. T. Brown. The balance of the herd was were written by one of the Spencers that sold for $759.00 during the Modoc Indian explains the whole thing. He lived about 15 War. The horses, we believe were pur- more years (I think) arid ran the sawmill. He chased by the Army, and were paid for in read!y didn't run it all the time, he taught his script to be redeemed after the war. boys to run it and he did the hauling of the lumber around the area, some of it to Actual Interview With Merle Anderson: Kamath Falls. He traded for a team of oxen, and hauled lumber from Spencer Can you tell me anything about the things Creek to Ashland. Which would probably you were told when you were a child, about take two or three day each way, I think, your family? because that was nothing but a trail you might say. A real glutton for punishment! Ans: It seems like things like that never came up. It was a hard life wasn't it?

Did anyone ever tell you about your great Ans: That was the good old days. grandparents, or your grandparents? Ans: That was in later years, when I got to Did your grand parents or their brothers or inquiring. sisters continue to run the mill? Ans: No, he sold it and whomever he sold it to ran it What kinds of things did they say, what did for a short time, then they discontinued it. It you ask about? was a very slow mill, one reason is that they diMnt have enough water power, they only Ans: Well, I was interested in when my cut Cabout 1200 feet a day. They shut the granddad Spencer came across the plains. wa e, off after each log so it (water) would Found Out that my great granddad had a bu:'. up in the pond, and then they would

Appendix 3-24 7118,'95 have a good head of water to run it a while. the mill so they had a school there for three It took quite a while to change each log years. Then they discontinued the school because they had to do it all by hand. It was when I was in the third grade. My mother, so ridiculous because they owned a good sister and I moved to the ranch up at Keno part of Ashland. When they first settled in so we could go to school. My sister was 12 Ashland they got a hold of 360 acres, he year older than I and had gone through all had to trade off a little bit of the land at a the schooling she was going to take. This is time for food, etc. He would swap land, for a picture of the log house that was dcwn something to live on for a while. When he where the eddy is. Was to the northwest got hard up he would just swap more land. about half a mile from the cemetery on the So, he was finally down to practically hillside. Due West of the cemetery, they nothing when he when to Spencer Creek. have the area all fenced now. It was He traded what land he had left for horses originally five forties, two hundred acres, it and traded the horses for the sawmill. The was the forty isolated from the rest (that was sawmill was valued at S1800.00. He paid the sold). Sold one forty at Spencer Creek rest of the sawmill off with the lumber he had because we were afraid the hippies would cut. start fires and burn everything up. This was the one by the cemetery. Had an awful lot There wasn't money around in those days?! of timber. Ans: No, just trading and swapping. Did you remember anything about any big When they bought Spencer Station, it was fish (salmon or steel head) running up, or Brown Station and they bought it from 0. T. have you ever heard of them running up Brown, and there was 320 acres that came Spencer Creek? with the station, where your great grandmother was killed. Did they ever rebuild that Ans: Yes, even had a picture in the Kiamath and keep it going as a station? Nickel, I can show you where my Dad used to go down there and spear them as they Ans: No - jumped up over the falls. It was right below where John Boyle dam is now, I can show That was the end of it, when the roof col- you exactly where he stood to take the lapsed? salmon out. But, I never knew anything about it because I was to young. They had Ans: I don't know that was the end of it, it a smoke house, and they smoked them as just kind of fizzled out. The stages quit long as the salmon came up, but then coming that way and break wagons, etc. Copco put in that dam down below. above They changed the course of the trials from Hornbrock and that was the end of the time to time and got better roads elsewhere. salmon run. I think they start work'ng on the Sometime they would go on one side of the Gopco dam during World War I. river and sometimes on the other side. After they would get to the Kiamath River they Did you ever hear on any salmon going up would go on the southside until they got to Spencer? Keno, that was after the Keno bridge was put in, that was in the late 1-900s. They Ans: Yes, in fact it mentions it in one of the started going that way rather than past our a' .obiography of my grandfathers sis er and old place on Spencer Creek. It was a little brother, that was during the Modoc War better road and cut the miles shorter to go when the Indians used to come up to get on the southside rather than the northside. salmon.

You were ranching in Spencer Creek, have Do you know how far they went up lo you been there ranching all your life, or were spawn? you raised somewhe. e else first? Ans; I have no idea. Ans: They had a little school down below where the bridge was on Spencer Creek, and there was a mill on the opposite side of the river, several families lived there to run

7/ 18,95 Appendix 3-25 Spencer Creek Watershed Analysis We're wondering if they went all the way up We comnpained to the game commission to Buck Lake or not? and they squawked about it for a while, but I don't think 'Charlie paid much attention to Ans: I have no idea, but I suppose they them. He would let a Iftde more out next fall. possibly could because there's a pretty good little head of water in there. Did you ever hear anything about back in the twenties, John Boyle apparently did a Today there isn't much water coming out of survey up there, and after that someone that? wanted to dig a tunnel through tile mountain ana Aivert all the Spencer Creek wtier into Ans: There would be if they would let it go, I the Rogue Valley. Do you remember bet there is just as much water now as then. anything about that? There are a few springs around that. We used to go up there. there was a big huckle- Ans: Yes I remember reading about it, berry patch at the upper end of Buck Lake, hearing about it, I didn't know exactly what it which Weyco destroyed, along with every- was, but I know they turned it down. thing else. Several families would get together when the huckleberries were ripe Who's they? and go up there, some would spend a week, some 2/3 days, camp together and everyone Ans: I don't know who turned it down. would pick huckleberries and ha. e a good vacation. This was on the west edge of Did Char.ie family own the land? Buck Lake in the timber a little bit. Used to be little small huckleberries. Nothing there Ans: I don't know if they own It yet. It may now. Could pick two three gallons a day. be leased to something.

Was there a lot of water in Buck Lake or was Ever hear of anyone named Walters up it swampy? there?

Ans: It was swampy, the later part of the Ans: I don't know, there was a litte cabin year rt was dried up. The creek was one about three or four miles from us back up in stream right in the middle of the lake. Kds the heavy timber we called Walter's cabin used to take boat down the creek. Might and he homesteaded that. It was a small have been higher in the spring, with snow little cabin made out of logs. Last time I was run off. The creek came down where the up there the roof had all caved in, but it dam is now. I remember the folks wondered might not even be there now. how the dam was going to effect the creek. The old man "Chariei never backed it up to It seems as though the lake fluctuated and much, he let a good stream go through. He dried up during the fall of the year. backed it up a foot or so. When the later Charlies came in it got worse and worse Ans: Yes, it was pretty dry, I don't know each year. After Jerry got to living on the what it was like in the spring, I imagine from creek and they would cut it off, and Jerry the snow run off it was probable moist. would make a squawk, here would come the water and the whole meadow would be flooded and everything else. Do remember any of the plants that were up there? "Jerry who???" Ans: I never paid any attention to the plants, Ans: That's one of my boys that lives on I wou dn't know one from another. Spencer Creek now. They would let him go for a day or two with a good stream of water, How many head of cattle did you family run then they would shut her back. Wou'^n't up the re? shut it completely off, but it would be so tar back that you couldn't even irrigate your Ans: Had 2030 head in the lower part, trey pasture. So, we knew what "Charlie' was were Just grazed locally around there and up doing, but we couldn't do anything a-out it. in the meadows. After the foiks were gone I

Appendix 3-26 7/18 `95 _,_YW-SXde ran a few head down at Keno ranch. Went over the timber when it was done, they through 80 ton of hay through the winter signed it over to Weyco. That is were most counting both ranches. of that homesteaded timber went, to Weyco.

Did you grow your own hay? Can you remember Weyco Camp 7? Ans: Yes, Keno barn held about 60 ton hay, and barn at Spencer Creek held about Ans: I don't remember 7. 30 ton I remember one year we had them fuil and stacked about 10 ton below the What was the Weyco Camp they ma;niy barn, so we must have had 100 tons. Would worked out of? often take all of it during the winter. Cattle need a lot of hay, sometimes we would run Ans: Well, there was 2, 4 out and have to buy hay, and that would hurt. You always got stuck in the snow Did you remember the Weyco railroads coming out from Spencer Creek during the winter. Ans: Yes, I was going to school in Keno, when they stapled building those railroads, it How did you travel? must been in the late twenties.

Ans. To begin with I had a car and finally Were they logging with horses or oxen got an old pickup, ! ran around as long as I before that? could without getting stuck, after that I Yalked. Never learned to use snow shoes, Ans: The first logging they did, I think they so just walked. I would get a trail worn and started cutting lodgepole pine, and they he,,n st .va" ;in tnat trail. There was used that lodgepole to make railroad tzes usually around three feet of snow around After they got out into the timber with the Spencer Creek each winter. Sometimes we railroad, they started cutting large timber. would get a little more than that, you could Found that the lodgepole didn't make good see the tops of the fence posts sticking out. ties, it split up, broke, etc. so they cut ties Them kind of winters don't happen any out of red fir and didn't have anymore more, much milder now, snows then it melts trouble after that. off, then it stayed all winter. I think Weyco cutting all the timber changed the climate to, Was there more red fir that anything else up because where the timber used to be is in that country? nothing but bare hillside now. Ans: No, there was more pine, in cur area Can you remember any other families with especially. Mainly Ponderosa, some sucar, kids that lived up Spencer Creek upstream some white fir, and red fir. from where you were? Can you remember if there was anything Ans: No there weren't any. along the banks of the creek like wild cherries, or any shrubs of that kind? ThJere were a lot of homesteads entered, and then most of them were canceled. Ans: Yes. I think there was something they We were wondering if people went in there called cherries, tiger lilies. I remember just to cut timber and then left. those because we used to pick them every spring and take home for a bouquet. Ans: A lot of it was homesteaded by the people that Weyco put in there. Weyco built How about strawberries? the houses for them and they stayed there until they were approved of, then they Ans: I can remember picking wild strawber- moved out to work in sawmills. We always ries. wondered how those people lived when they didn't do anything. we found out that they were being paid by Weyco. Weyco took

7,18 95 Appendix 3-27 I Spencer Creek Watershed Analysis Do you know what Yampa is, Indians call the door and I got up, there was a great big them epaws? Were they up there in Spen- old Indian standing there. He had run off the cer Creek? road, and he wanted to know where a certain fella lived in Keno. His sister had Ans: Yes, I can remember them down in the married this fella. I seen him several time flats, you have to dig down quite far, kind of after, but he sure gave me a start that night. hard diggen, gave up on them quickly, but they were tasty. You don't remember any Indians using Spencer Creek for hunting, or anth;-g in one of the histories it talks about Captain wthen you were a kid? Jack coming up and eating at your great grandparents place, at the station. Ans: No

Ans: That was in the autobiography. They just weren't up there at all. The reason that we need to know that is we need to He (Capt. Jack) appears to have the habit of know if there was any-what we call 'Tradi- just walking in on people whether they liked tiora] Use'. it or not, and demanding to be fed. Do you think that was the case or was he an invited Ans: I don't of any. guest? I gc-ieg to shut this off for just a morment. I Ans: I think that was probably the case, that ha,.e a list of questions that Bill Lindsey was the way the Indians were, they just wanted me to ask you. walked in and wanted food. What levels of grazing use occurred in area They didn't seem to rnno'est anyone, just sort prior to the 1960's. He particulany wanted of terrorized them. me to ask you this would be levels of use on Weyco dominated lands in -the lower por- Ans: I think they scared them more that tions of the watershed where your lands are. anything else to begin with, until we started Was there grazing going back up into the fighting with them. Captain Jack and the Weyco area prior to the 1960's? rest of those got pretty mean I guess. You ought to read those two autobiographies, Ans: Yes, they had sheep and graz.ing they will give you a pretty good insight. rights, and then anyone that had came had to get permission from the sheep mren and Back up where I'm from the Indians were pas so must a head to the sheep rmren+o still coming around in the twenties and geaze the cattle. Later the ???? la* came thirties and knocking on doors. This was in. but that was quite a bit later and tey back up in Idaho. Were they still coming pad so much a head. I used to pay so around when you were a boy? much a head, but I only paid it to the sheep men, and that helped pay his dues. Ans: No, I don't remember seeing any, they were all cleared out of there I guess. We Was there more grazing then than Itthere is would see them when we went to town, that now, or was there a lot less? was about the only place we saw them. A-s: There's more, the sheep have practi- They were pretty well contained by then? cay all left. Weyco protected the c-yotes. The coyotes got so bad and killed so -many Ans: Evidently, or up on the reservations. sheep that even Larspol (in the Ge-ny In later years there were a few of them, C eek area) said that he lost one ten-th of his some of the boys married Indian girls, and s.t eep to coyotes that last year. you would see them around Keno. Some of there in-laws would come to visit, or some- C- you emember how long ago tha was? thing. I remember somebody hammering on the door at the Keno place one time. That A-s: W'ie ; it must have been in tine :e was after the wife and I were married. In the f. es, and I wouldn't be surprised .. dt middle of the night there was hammering on irlo the sixties before he finaky . Got

Appendix 3-28 7 IS 95 so that Weyco give them certain allotments Ans: I know there's a lot more thistles than of land, which I understand, and they have there used to be. After we quite cutting to be careful not to get over into the Weyco timber the thistles started taking over, and land or they would get in trouble. They they're sure heavy in some parts. didn't know exactly where the lines were, and they would always be in trouble for Is the grass pretty much the same? grazing where they shouldn't. Then the coyotes!" Ans: I would think so. In fact I suppose there's a little more grass than there used to Did you run cattle up around Weyco? be, beusea,s owpened up more then it used to be. A lot of grass where there used Ans: Yes, around the Spencer Creek area. to be nothing but timber. In the fall we would take them to Keno for w;nter. Is there a noticeable increase in weeds or undesirable plants? Was it always the same season of use, in those days as It is now? Ans: Yes, that would be thaste.

Ans. Pretty much the same, same ones, Is there places where they're thicker than same cattle came in each year. others?

Is it more in recent years? Ans: No, they are thick in some places more than other, but no particular places. Ans: It's less. What type of domestic animals used the ! think I've asked all the questions that area? everyone has asked me to ask you.

Ans: More sheep than cows then, more The fisheries people are interested in any cows now than sheep. fish that were going up and down the creek at any given time. They think there are What about wild horses? some very big trout that go in there and they think they might be remnants of the big steel Ans: There were horses, still is. None in head that used to go up there and spawn. Spencer Creek drainage. There is a lot of remnants of salmon that are between the dam and Agency lake. 1934 Taylor Grazing, do you know anything about levels of grazing use before then? Did you used to fish in there when you were a boy? Ans. Seemed like it was a lIttle bit earlier than that when there were so many sheep in Ans: I used to fish in Spencer Creek even if there. it was closed. It was always dosed when I was a kid, but I used to fish in it. So there was probably more grazing before 1934? Was there a fish hatchery down there?

Ans: Yes, cause there was Quinlin, Ans: Yes Fitzgerald, and someone else that had herds What was that like? in there. Ans: That was where the mill site was. Have you observ ed or noted any vegetation They used the same pond that was on the cnanges over time due to the grazing of hill. I can remember when I was a little kid, I livestock. was just about seven, Dad had a little sled scraper and the game ccm-iisslor. took it over to clean out the old m!ii pond. He worked over there for several days cleaning ft out, and I played over there while he did it. Shortly after that they built trie fish hatchery

7 IS 95 Appendix 3-29 Spencer Creek Watershed Analysis there. The water came from the pond down Ans: Yes, and where that old barn used to through the pipes and ran through the fish be they dig up square nails. It was just hatchery draws all the time, day and night. I across the creek by the old bridge. I think was thinking that the hatchery finally burned the old cemetery isinteresting. Merle put a down, but my nephew straightened me out new marker down for his twin brother buried on that. That they tore it down. I guess the there. Lots of vandalism, etc. One childs moss formed on the pipes because Buck grave is where they have put a coloring Lake was sending that manure water down book. Merle's twin was the last one to be from that lake and that was causing algae bused there, 81 years ago. Merle's grand- and what not, causing moss in uhe pipos and aunts were buried trere, more on tne they couldn't keep their pipes open. So, that westside, can't even tell where with the was why they discontinued the hatchery marker all gone. Where the pickets are, there. Before the hatchery was there they those were the Connellys, I think there's had a holding pen that they would put in three or four burned there. He just had a every spring and catch the trout and spawn sawmill down where near Topsy park is the eggs and pack them in ice and take now. Just above where the John Boyle dam them back to Ft. Kaamath and hatch them is now. He used to cut and sell shingles. out up there because they had a better hatch out of Spencer Creek trout that they Was he married to one of your aunts? did any place else. Ans: No they were no relation. There used I really surprised me to find that Oli Stems to be an old ra'i fence around the cemetery. homesteaded right up near where Weyco People still go in every few years and tear mill is today, and he used to walk every third things up. Jerry wants to be buried there, he dayh ezeven mile, one way to Brown station, lust loves it there. There is a lady buried before it was Spencer station, cause Brown there cy mne name of Decker, never heard of had a sharpening wheel, he would take his her before, didn't know who she was. A two scythes down there to be sharpened. surveyor friend of mine says she came from He was a young fella and Mrs. Brown would Round Lake, some of the fellas stayed there feed him lunch, then he would walk back all winter, and she got phenomia and they and work for two more days and then would couldn't get out to get medicine in Kiamath start the walk all over again. The following Falls, so they trned to get to Spencer Creek year he got his stock. I wondered why he to bury her. They brought her down on didn't go to Linkville, but Linkville probable sleds and buried her. wasn't there. I think someone was in Spencer Creek before anyone was in It was pretty ha d to get around. The story Linkville. Brown went in there in the early says that when you great grandmother was sixties, then Camp Day was right there by killed they had to keep her until spring when you family's place isn't it. the ground thawed so they could bury her over at the cemetery. Ans: The nearest we can figure out is that it's just a little bit east of the cemetery. Ans: I don't whether that happened or not. Before you drop over to Cedar Creek. This Leland Spencer that wrote that autobi- There's a little flat there and the nearest we ography, he explains that very carefully, can figure out is that is where it was. I think about that had such a time trying to take her it mentioned it as about a half a mile west of to Keno, and the snow was deep and the Spencer Creek. horses gave cLt about Cooper Station. I guess. They had a dog so they left the dog It's interesting that Brown was over there in with his mother in a box to keep the coyotes the 1860 in July and August. They must of away. The next morning when they came walked and rode until they got over there. back with a new team to get the body, the coyotes had been all around there, but the Ans: Took about ten years before my great dog kept them away. You must read the granddad walked in. family history, cur granddaughter dug them up in Jacksonvi!;e. The one that Fred wrve Lot of history at the mouth of Spencer Creek a lot of ft you can't hardly make out, but you isn't there? get the just of a. The one my great aunt

Appendix 3.30 7'48 95 Nell, my mothers aunt wrote, her last name was High, there's a High street in both Kiamath Falls and Ashland, they're both named after the same High. It's because they lived in Ashland and then moved to Kiamath Falls.

7 18 95 Appendix 3-31 Spencer Creek WatershedAnalysis My dad ran range cows out on the outside, An Oral History and he can remember in the mid thirties he went up there when he was a kid to bring cows out of the mountains, he could ride out of across the lake quite a ways, that was in the Mr. Hugh Charley fall of the year. Do you think the water flow from the springs Given to has stayed pretty much the sarne? William D. Yehle, M. A. Archaeologist Ans: As far as my recollections go it has Bureau of Land Management been about the same. It has its ups and Kiamath Fa1's Resource Area downs, this last summer is the lowest that I December 1994 have ever seen it. The main spring was hardly running when we got there with the Oral History Interview with Mr Hugh Charle, cows in May. I remember in 77 when we Rancher a, Buck Lake in the Spencer Creek had the draught it rained early in the sum- Watershed mer, but then it dried up later in the summer Those springs seem to they don't run a Present is Andy Hamilton and Patti Buettner, whole lot earlier in the summer, from the end both Biologists, myself (Bill Yehle), and Mr. of July to early September is when they run Charlie. the most. There's more water comes out of the springs that time of the year than earlier We have a few questions to ask you, but I in then the year, then they taper off for would like voAto remember things that your winter. dad and uncle told you. Patti has a few questions. Was there any kind of cattails or any other kinds of vegetation there? Do you ever remember hearing about a Ans: These pictures show some things scheme to drain Buck Lake and revert the growing. flow into Rogue River valley? Do you know the date of the pc=re? Ans: I hear that is why they named Tunnel Creek, tunnel creek. They were going out Ans: No, ft was right after my grandfather through there and Ashland was going to buy purchased it, he drained it in 1944. so these the water. That's the story i heard. Here are pictures were 42 or 43, I belleve he bought it some pictures when it was still a lake. My in 1941. great grandfather went out with a cat and pushed berms up, he was trying to raise What was your grandfathers name? muskrats. This picture was during the spring time of the year. He pushed up dikes Ans: Bill Vanderhelen so the muskrats would have places to build their dens, or whatever. We have some aerials from 1940 and they Did you ever hear how deep it was at that show some water there, but they don't show time? it like this. This is phenomena!. t Is really a lake. Ans: I ta!ked to my Mom and she couldn't remember. There was one channel out near Did he make any attempt to ra'se the level? the mid d!e of the lake and they would have to take the r boat there, or they would run a Ans: Yes, he built a little cement dam to ground. Tnat was in the summer time, I raise The water up. guess tne'e was a low spot near the center that nas about ten feet deep when It was at Was tne dam done before or aver these it's fullest. pictures were taken?

Appendix 3-32 7/18 95 Ans: After in the Rogue Valley, as soon as we got out of school Mom and Dad and us would go to You can still large chunks of concrete there the mountains and live there all summer now. until school started again in the fall.

Ans: This is a abstract that goes back to Did you ever fish that section? 1890 that shows the owners over the years and states something to do with the water Ans: Yes, I can remember when I was in rights, any water coming out of Buck Lake junior high. right after the season ope'-ed, can't be sent any place else other than the we stiil hadr't had wows in there yet and we Klamath River. So that must have been put went in, my dad was working on some fence in there when they were thing about putting or something and we went in and we caught in the tunnel to send the water to Ashland. some pretty nice fish. Just right through the They wanted the water to stay on this side of rock section there, in the pools. the mountain. They just looked like your standard Rainbow This one doesn't have Grover Cleveland's Trout? signature on it, but there is one some where that does. Ans: Yes, as far as I knew anyway, I never paid much attention, I really wasn't much of Ans: I wish that they had dated these a fisherman. pictures, I guessing that it was some where in 1942, or 43. He drained it in 44. It was They show up in the lake to? 41 when he purchased it so I'm sure it took him a year or so to plan to drain it. Ans: Yes The channel has filled in through the years, in recent years you see more fish He must have taken April and May? over on the westside where our headgate is, where we darn the water up, there's a lot of Ans: Yes, by looking at the snow on the fish over on that side. mountains behind it, it had to be in the spring of the year. Is there any fish still in that channel?

Can you remember any stories of fish Ans: Yes, you see them, but like I said, its spawning in the lake? kind of filled in a bit, and there not as many as we used to see in the channel. We never Ans: No used to see as many as we do now over on the westside where our headgate is. The Belle Spencer in her memoirs states that water has been so low in the chainnel due to salmon used to run up Spencer Creek. the draught that there just hasn t been any good holes for the fish. Ans: I have never heard any stories about that. It seems that there were a couple centers of population on Spencer Creek, one around We wondered how far, we don't find any Buck Lake and the other down by the record of the Indians trapping salmon or confluence where the Spencers were, and fishing there. We find them fishing all there was a Ranger Station up fairly close to around there, but we don't find any record at where your place was at one tame. Can you Buck Lake. Right near the outlet is a large remember any neighbors be:ng in there at lithic site with all kinds of flakes from tool al? making to sharping and so on. Ans: No Ans. You can see where he dredged that out to drain it. So it was probably a fairly Was there ever anyone in bet.ween you? decent drop back then. When we were kids there was a couple pretty good holes down Ans: Not that I know. We a&ways came in there. The rocks have fell in now. As soon from the Jackson County side, every so as we would get out of school, we lived over often we would come around because the

7118 '95 Appendix 3-33 Spencer Creek Watershed Analysis snow was to deep, like if we came up in the the southside of Buck Lake and goes to spring. We would come in on the Surveyor Mountain. Greensprings road, but I can never remember seeing any. It's more in recent years due to the opening up of forested lands, or ft's more due to the Did you ever hear of a Walters homestead? fact that you increased the graze in the lakebed? Ans: I heard of a Walters cabin. I've seen a sign that said Walters Cabin or something. Ans: Probably the grazing on the lakebed Years ago, I can remember seeing that. has been able to hold more inside. But, as far as our numbers on the outside I think we You never went to it? have been able to acquire a couple of Ans: No permits over the years. When we were frst running out there I don't know what ouL I would like to locate that. numbers were, but there were a couple of other people around us that had range Ans: I can't even remember exactly where I permits, that have acquired. saw the sign that said Walters cabin. No one ever ran sheep up there? I wonder if it was on the old road, could be. Ans: Not that I know of. I can remember Bill Lindsey had a couple of questions: sheep down in what they called the Buck Pasture, which would be on wester Hen:7ons He wanted to know what levels of grazing range there, right of Clover Creek roac We ccu red in the area prior to the 1960s? Is it have has s~haep cwmc into Buck Lake years about the same as now? ago that they had lost a ewe or somehirng that would get in with the cows. We used to Ans: No, there is more now. I can remem- drive our cows from Sam's Valley to Bck ber when i was a kid and my dad was Lake in the spring and turn around anr orive irrigating up there that there was a lot of them home in the fail time of the year. I places after they drain it that were just like remember driving them sheep back witch the the dust bowel that is out in the center of it cows, those cows would beat the heck out of now, probably three quarter of it was like the sheep, but the sheep would leave trem. that. So they didn't really run to many cows They had been off by themselves and pretty on the lake itself, we've increased them over lonely, so that by the time they got w7 the tne years as the sod has taken over. I can cows they stayed with them all the way remember when I was a kid that there was a lot of areas that were just dust. Do you have a lot of coyotes up there'

How far do your run your cattle, you run Ans: Yes, they don't bother us any, so I them outside of the lake bed? never shoot them. We can see ten or twelve at a time out there in the lake. We have Ans: On the Forest Service, BLM, and those little 'sage rar they're like a prairie Weyco. dog, there just millions of them out on t1e lakebed itself, and they bore hole thrc.gh How many acres do you run out there? the ditches. I think the coyotes help us on them quite a bit. That's the main reasc-n I Ans: We have about a 320 head permit on don't bother the coyotes, and they don't the Forest Service, BLM, and Weyco lands, bother the cows any unless one is re-J sick altogether. I don't know what the acreage or something. We never have had any is. coyote problems.

They all just roam around there? Some sheep did come in?

Ans: Yes, our Forest Service permit starts Ans: Yes at the Lake-of-the-Woods and comes back to Buck Lake, and then the BLM starts on

Appendix 3-34 7 18 95 Any horses in there at all? Was ft lodgepole?

Ans: No, not that I ever knew of. Ans: No, Ponderosa pine. We cut quite a few, so there had to have been a pretty We have a wild horse herd up at Pokagamia good fire there at one time. I wondered it they had ever come down in there. I think that fire must have been pre-1850, but there were still a lot of scars from it 50 Ans: No, ! have never seen any. years later Because there is no record of it in the historical records. Any knowledge of grazing levels prior to Tayler Grazing Act prior to 1934 and/or prior Ans: Yes, there were lots of trees that were to forest designation in the early 1900's? probably a hundred year old around the You've realdy answered that already, be- ones that we cut. cause you increased! We were wondering, how deep is your well Ans: Yes for your house?

Have you noticed any vegetation changes Ans: We use a spring. over time due to the grazing of livestock? We were wondering where the water table Ans: No, not that I could think of anyway. is.

Just an increase of grass? Axns: USGS hit water at around twenty/ twenty-five out in the lakebed. Ths was Ans: Grass on the lakebed itself. There is three or four year ago. I think that is what more feed due to the fact that logging has they said. It was a good pocket of water, but gone on. I can remember when we were nothing real big, it didn't come gushing out kids there was lots of thick timber. The old of the hole or anything. Twenty-seven road used to come in off the Dead Indian stands out in my mind. They hit a layer of road, and I can that all there was trees and gravel for about ten feet that had washed in more trees. Now there is more feed out in from some place at one time or another. the places where they've logged, so that would be an increase. There's a layer of what they call Mazama Ash that is down in there at about six or If the forest is open than the grass is in- eight feet. creased, you don't have that duff on the floor anymore. Axns: Well this gravel was below that. They figured that the gravel came from the south Ans: Yes off of Surveyor. The lake froze over and there was a real deep freeze, then there was Have there been any fires up there in your a thaw that pushed all the gravel out there, time? and there was a layer of a foot or so of just rocks that had traveled off the mountain. At Ans: No, nothing real big, just little stuff. the time that is what the USGS told me.

We have a record of Mr. Liburg back in 1900 Did they drill at various places in the lake? made a report to USGS. In their annual report he talks about well over 20,000 acres A-is: They wanted to get dead center in the around Buck Lake burned. lake. but the year they came up here it was real soft in the middle, so we were probably Ans: When I was a kid, well in my early c-ry a Quarter of the way or a third of the teens, my dad got a permit to cut posts frcm flay out Then they came back the following trees that were burnt. This was just east c' year and went down with just a hand drill, I Buck Lake, and we cut a lot of whole pine don't how far that went out to the center. trees that were burnt. They've got a book out on it now, I don't understand most of it, but it tells what they

7/18 95 Appendix 3-35 2 G' Appendix 4 Soils

7 1895 Spencer Creek Watershed Analysis

7 18 95 Appendix 4-2 Appendix 4. Values for Soil Factors Used for Analysis

Soil Type Acres Runoff/ Hydrologic K Equipment Soil Slope Percent Surface Erosion Group Factor Limitation' Depth (Percent) Coarse Texture Hazard Fragments (0-.-)2

-~ __--

10 295 Low B N/A Mod/C Deep 0-5 0-15 SL Mod/D 11 2138 Low B NiA Mod/C Deep 0-5 0-25 SL.L Mod/D 129B 24 Mod D .10 Loamy Sha,,cw 1-8 30-55 Juniper Scabland 135E 2466 Mod 8 .15 Mod/C Very Deep 12-35 15-25 L 135G 282 Sev B .15 Sev!C Very Deep 35-65 15-25 L 136E 701 Mod B 15 Mod/C Very Deep 12-35 15-25 L 137C 908 Low B 15 Mod/C Very Deep 0-12 15-25 L 138C 3518 Low B .15 Mod/C Mod -Very Deep 0-12 15-25 _ 13C 2382 Low B,C .15-.24 L-Mod/C Mod.-Very Deep 1-12 0-10 L I,3E 106 Mod B C 15-.24 Mod/C Mod -Very Deep 12-35 L I ,-c-, 2963 Low 8 .20-.24 L-Mod/C Deep-Very Deep 1-12 0-10 L 15 -43 C. L. 147C' 5985 Low B 17-.20 Mod/C Deep-Very Deep 1-12 0-10 L 15-45 CLL 202F 91 Sev B .20 Sev/C Very Deep 35-55 10-30 LCL 203F 118 Sev B .20 Sev/C Very Deep 35-55 10-30 L.OL 204E 1437 Mod B .17-.20 Mod-Sev/C Deep-Very Deep 12-35 10-30 L CL 205E 2025 Mod B .17-.20 Mod/C Deep-Very Deep 12-35 10-30 L CL 4 449 Sev Not N/A Low/C Not Rated tNot Rated Hal. Not Rated Low/D Rated 6P 12 Low A N.A Low/C Deep 0-20 0 LS Sev, D 79E: 199 Mod B 20-.24 Mod-Sev C Deep-Very Deep ' 2-35 0-10 15-45 C_ L 2 80E 1146 Mod B .20-.24 Mod-Sev, C Deep-Very Deep : 2-35 0-10 L 15-45 CL, L 85A 1665 Low D .32 Wet Meadow Very Deep 0-1 0 SEL 99A 478 Low D .32 Wet Meadow Very Deep 0-1 0 SL Ri 5850 Low-Mod A and B N/A See Deep 0-35 Not Rated FSL,L Winema SRI Rio 453 Low A and B N/A Deep 0-35 Not Ra:.ed FSL R11 613 Low-Sev A and B N/A Deep 10-60 Not Ra ed SL R1R3 1178 Low A and B N,;A Deep 0-35 Not Ra-ed FSL S L R2 109 Sev A and 8 N/A Deep 35-70 Not Rated FS' S_ L R3 291 Low A and B N/A Deep 0-35 Not Ra:ed FEL. c_ L R4 5524 Lcv-Moa A and B N/A Deep 0-35 Not Ra-eo SL R5 780 Sev A and B N/A Deep 35-70 Not R-:.e Sc_ R6 2285 Low A and B N/A Deep 0-35 Not R FS'_rBe

7 18 95 Appendix 4-3 Spencer Creek Watershed Analysis

Appendix 4. Values for Soil Factors Used for Analysis (continued)

R7 184 Sev A and B N/A Deep 35-70 Not Rated SL R8 3629 Lcw-Mod A and B N/A Deep 0-35 Not Rated SL R1 0 827 Low A and B NA Deep 0-35 Not RatedFSL SL R9 7, 2 Sev A and B Ni/A Deep 5.-7ci Not Rlteri SL X2 1120 Low-Mod B and C N/A Shallow 0-35 Not Rated SL,LS

The equipment lirmta- or ~a: ng reflects soil charactenstics that limit the use af equipment. Slope. wetness, and the susceptibility of t'e soil :o corpaction are tlre main la~rs ttrat cause an equipment lrmitation C=Compaction limitatio,'nazard D=Cisplacement lirnlta:,cn 'na-d

2Azitreviations used for soil texture classes are as foilows

S Sanc LS L:ar> Sand SL Sancy Loam L 1 ,ar- SiL Silt Lsam Si Sit SCL Sarcy Clay Loam CL C:ay Lacm SOCL Sdty C~ay Loam SC Sancy Clay SiC S5.ty C:ay C CIay

These texture classes a.rc >;-^--' .t ^tHr-. ^# rclcn jopoption Ot ine partiles. 'These soil types are a complex of two soils, therefore, values for both are provided.

Appendix 4-4 7 1895 Appendix 5 Wildlife

7 18 95 Spencer Creek Watershed Analysis Introduction Species Priority This appendix has three main parts. The Identification for first is a description of the process of p-rori- tizing species for determination of potential occu~rrance ardl~or habitat in the Spencer Analysis for the C--o, watershed The second ca,, g'ves the mciassumptions and rat-ngz f. n Spencer Creek d~fferent species groups. The third part is a wilolife species table listing the different Watershed species that are suspected or documented in the watershed Analysis

The following process describes tre defini- tosfor priciritization of species fcr, deterrm'- nation of occur'rence and/or poterntal habitat, dur~ng watershed anaiy;s's This priority scheme should apply only to those species wh-ch have either been Cccu- mented, are known to occur, or hive the pc'ential to occur, based upon ha.-,at availability. and 'or historic presence. Certain species are of high priority, or even, manda- toy (federally listed species) for c-isider- ation based upon their status. 0Other species are optional based upon treir re~avanoe n Ur~e watersned and1 vwhether or not an issue has been identified for tne species. A species is considerco relevant for analysis if Ithas a high potent a~of occurring ano if the watershed is -,portant for the speci.es in terms of its dis!n bution and numnbers. A species is con ~scered non-rela~antt Jfthere is no threat -, the species' habitat, or if the watershed plays a vey;~minor role for the viabillty of zne spe- c;es.

Not all of the species listed belcw were ocnsidered relevant for individual analysis for the Spencer Creek Watershed Analys~s The species listed are those which fall uncer thre designated category and which may occur with~n the watershed.

Some of the species listed below were analyzed individually such as the bald eagle an~d the northiern spotted owl Due to time mntations. otners were addressed~as a --ou~p as ancropriate, or not at a lSpecies stZed do irci:ide those that are -o:onsoc- e-ed re evan~t to the analysis, ta' is the '.~atersh-ed is not believed to pla~y a signif'- cant role n providing habitat for triese species. Appendix 5-2 7>'1895 Priority #1 Great gray owl Fringed myotis - Species listed as threatened or endan- Silver-haired bat gered by either the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Long-eared myotis Service or the Oregon Department of Fish Long-legged myotis and Widlife, or which are Federally pro- Pallid bat pcsed as threatenre cr endangered - SAec es which have been identified Bald eagle sss.es for the watershed. Northern spotted owl Calfornia wolverine Pacific giant salamander Deer - Species listed in the ROD for the Northwest Elk Forest Plan (Record of Decision for Amend- Marten ments to Forest Service and Bureau of Land Management Planning Documents Within - Species listed as Sensitive by Region 6 of the Range of the Northern Spotted Owl) as the U S. Forest Service. requiring protection buffers American white pelican White-headed woodpecker Greater sandhill crane Black-backed woodpecker Yellow rail Pygmy nuthatch Long-biiled curlew Flammulated owl S ocies which would fall under Priorities 2 - Category 1 and 2 candidates for Federal a-o 3 are recommended for analysis as listing as threatened or endangered. Cat- time allows; however, when the final U.S. egory 1 = taxa for which the U.S. Fish and F:-est Service Region 6 Sensitive Species <' dlife Service has sufficient biological Is: becomes final, the species on that 'st information to support a proposal to list as ,A fal under Prioriy #1 for analysis v Fete endangered or threatened; Category 2 = t---y are relevant to the watershed. taxa for which existing information indicates may warrant lIsting, but for which substantial bologcal information to support a proposed Priority #2 rule s lacking - _i.M BSO status species Spotted f og Cascades frog 1-Lewis' woodpecker Foothill yellow-legged frog *1-Three-toed woodpecker Western pond turtle *1-Pileated woodpecker Fisher *1-Purple martin Pacific western big-eared bat Northern goshawk - Scecies listed as 'Proposed Sensitive" by Ferruginous hawk Region 6 of the U.S. Forest Service Mcurta'n auail Western least bittern Rough-skinned newt Whte-faced ibis Three-toed woodpecker B acK tern *Pileated woodpecker Tri-colored blackbird - Oregon State Critical - "Survey and Manage Species" falling urger survey strategy #1 in the Northwest 'Lew s woodpecker Forest Plan. 'Three-tced woodpecker 'Pilea-ed woodpecker 'Purp'e martin

7 18 95 Appendix 5-3 Spencer Creek Watershed Analysis

- BLM BAO status species species are not listed.

*1 -Merlin Snowy egret Priority #3 Bufflehead 21-Greater yellowlegs - Oregon Vulnerable, Oregon Peripheral or Naturally Rare, and Oregon Undetermined - Species designated for proteclicn under Status. tne Winema Land and Resource Manage- ment Han - Species designated tor monitoring unaer the Winema Land and Resource Manage- Golden eagle ment Plan. Osprey Prairie falcon - BLM BTO status species. *Three-toed woodpecker 'Pileated woodpecker Priority #4 - Neotropical migrants (Possibly analysed by guild or habitat type). - Species identified in the Northwest Forest Plan as being closely associated with Approximately 62 bird species late-successional forest and or riparian (See species list for the Spencer areas. These species are listed as follows Creek watershed) in Volume 1 of thePlan:

- "Survey and Manage Species' fulling under Amphibians-3&4-1 74; survey strategy #2 in the Northwest Forest Birds-3&4-179 & 180; Main- Plan. mals-3&4-184; Bats-3&4-188; Fish-3&4-1 97. For wildlife, these species are the same as those listed for survey - Species for which there may be social strategy #1. demand.

- Species which are important to maintaining - Species from the Oregon Natural Heritage forest biodversity through their function as Program List #3 (Review List) which do not dispersal agents for lichens and fungi. fal under a more restrictive classification (Federal Endangered Species Act or the Northern flying squirrel Oregon State Endangered Species Act). (there may be others)

- Species listed in the Oregon Natural Priority #5 Heritage Program's List #2. These are species for which populations within the - 'Survey and Manage Species' falling under watershed being analysed occur as disjunct survey strategies #3 and #4 in the ROD. populations, are peripheral to the normal range of the species, or are ext'emely rare. - Species from the Oregon Natural Heritage Such species occurrances can be significant Program List #4 (ONHP Watch List) which for protecting the genetic diversity of a do not fall under a more restrictive classifica- taxon. tion (Federal Endangered Species Act or the Oregon State Endangered Species Act). 'Merlin LEGEND For priority numbers 3 to 5, indiv dual *1 - First listing of species whic~r are repeated within the same priority I - Duplicate listings of species w;Irin the same prionty

Appendix 5-4 7118. 95 1 PACIFIC SILVER FIR Wildlife Species 1 ENGLEMAN SPRUCE 1 WESTERN HEMLOCK 1 DOUGLAS FIR Groups 1 MOUNTAIN HEMLOCK 1 LODGEPOLE PINE Introduction 1 WHITE/DOUGLAS FIR/PONDEROSA Size Structure The follcw ng appendix material is related to the material in the previous section of this 10 SMALL-MEDIUM appendix See that section for more infor- 10 SMALLJMS-t mation on what this material signifies. 10 MEDIUM.MS- 10 SMALL'MS++ Species Group 10 LARGE"MS+ 10 LARGE.!MS- 1 WHITE FIR 10 MEDIUMMS+ 1 WHITE FIR/MIX-VARIOUS CONIFERS 10 POLE1'`MS++ 1 SHASTA RED FIR 10 MEDIUM-LARGE 1 SHASTA RED FIR/MIX-CONIFERS 10 POLEMS+ 1 WHITE DOUGLAS FIR PONDEROSA Canopy Closure 1 MIX-VARIOUS CONIFER SPECIES 100 TREECC41-559/ (7rinopy Closure 100 TREE CC 56-70% 100 TREE CC 71-100%,/ 10 TREE CC 56-70% 10 TREECC71-100%

Size Structure Bald Eagle (HALE) Nesting Habitat PMR Mode liMap 100 MIEDIUM -LARGE Query Summary 100 SMIALL MS+ 100 SMALL~MS++ See the anca-led list of hab~at query c' teria 100 MIEDIU)M MS- and tre e'ectronic CLI file neamd 1100 PMRIMODEL (USFS), for a complete list of 100 LAR GE, MS- Paci~f,.Meridan Resource ?'FMR) Categories 100 LARGE. MS+ pertwnentatots species. Rankinq val.es for the PMR categories for nesting bald eagie habitat and the combinations which were Northern Spotted Owl Dis- used as criteria for mapping are as follows: persal Habitat Query Criteria Canopy closure =Third most important Value PMR Category Descrip- habitat attribute; Value = 1; tion Spe-c:es va!lue = Second most important attr~bute. Species Group Primary vauc- = 20, Secondary value = 10 Size struct-ure = Most lim~tng hab~tat at- 1 WHITE FIR tribut;'e; 1 WHITE FIRM iX-VARIOUS CONIFERS Primary value = 200, Secondary value = 100 1 SHASTA RED FIR/MIX-CCN FERS 1 SHASTA RED FIR 1 MIX-VARIOUS CONIFER SPECIES 1 LODGEPOLE PINE, PCNDE:ROSA PINE 1 PONDEROSA PINE 1 INCENSE CEDAR

7,18 95 71895 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~APpoendix5-5 Spencer Creek Watershed Analysis For the highest suitability habitat, the follow- 10 EDIT/l/MIX/PiCO/ ng combinations were mapped: 10 EDIT /IIMIX// 10 EDIT /MI)X/// 1Ospp + 1 ss = 220 10 ///MlXiTSME/ 2°spp + 1°ss = 210 10 ///MIXJPICO/ cc + 1Ospp + 1°oss 221 10 /I//IX// cc + 2°spp +l1ss = 211 10 /MIX//ABMAS// 10 EDIT ///ABCO.'MIXI T7 e above criteria were mapped within .75 10 EDIT/ABAM,'MIX// mile of Spencer Creek, Buck Lake, and the 20 ///ABAM/PSME/ Kiamath River (the portion of habitat within 20 /ABCO//PSME// 75 mile of the river which falls within the 20 /I/ABCOJPILAI wvatershed). 20 //IABCO/iPIPO/ 20 /IIABCOIPSME/ Questionable habitat would include the 20 ///ABCO/PSME/TSME fvIlcwing combinations 20 EDIT /I/PSME// 20 Il'PSME/I 110 111, 120, & 121 -These combinations 20 IPSMEI/MIXI/ were not mapped. 20 /PSMEiIABCO// 20 /PSMEI/// References: 20 PSMEl/I/' 20 EDIT //IPIPO/PSME,' U.S F.W.S. 1986 20 EDIT //IPIPOII Anthony and Isaacs 1989 20 EDIT /PIPOi/// 20 EDIT PIPOi,'//

Bald Eagle Nesting Habitat 20 ///PIPO/I 20 /PICO//PIPO// Query Criteria Value PMR 20 EDIT /J/PIAlJ/ Category 20 I/IPIAL!PICO/ 20 EDIT h/,MIX'PSME/ Description 20 EDIT //lMIXPIPO/ 20 EDIT /MIXM/PSM E/! 20 /I/MIX,'PSME/ Canopy Closure 20 ///NMIX,/PlPO/ 20 /PlPO/ PSME/ 1 TREE CC 26-40% 20 I'PIPO,! 1 TREE CC 41-55% 20 PIPO//I// 1 TREE CC 56-70% 20 EDIT /I/PILA'/ 1 TREECC71-100% 20 //PPILA/I 20 EDIT l/IPICO/PIPO/ Tree Species 20 EDIT /PICO//PIPO/I 10 i'ABAM/MIX/I 20 //IPICOIPIPO/ 10 /ABCO/HMIX// 20 ///MIX'PILA'PSME 10 ,'i/ABCO/MIX/ 20 /IIABMAS/PSME/ 10 EDIT ///ABAM/'MIX' 20 //IABMAS,'PIPO/ 10 EDIT /ABCO 'MIX'/ 20 !ABMAS/'PSME,/ 10 /JIABAM/MIXI 20 EDIT //,'ABCOIPSMEI 1 o /MIX'lABCO/I 20 EDIT //,'ABCO/PIPOI 100MIX'! 20 EDIT 1ABCO!, PSMEI'/ 10 M IXl//!! 10 EDIT ,//ABMAS/MIX/ 10 EDIT !ABMAS/iMIX'! 10 /h,'ABMAS,'MIXITSME 10 ///ABMAS MIX' 10 !ABMASIIMIX/I 10 EDIT l/iMIXTSME/

Appendix 5-6 7 18 95 Size Structure White-Headed Woodpecker

100 SMALLIMS+ BreedinglFeeding Habitat 100 MEDIUM/MSLD Query CriteriaValue and PMR 100 MEDIUM1MS- Category Description 200 MEDIUM-LARGE 200 SMALUMS++ Canopy Closure 200 MIEDIUM MS+ 200 LARGE/MSLD 1 TREECC11-25% 200 LARGEiMS- 1 TREE CC 2-40% 200 LARGEIMS+ 1 TREE CC 41-55%

Size Structure White-Headed Woodpecker Breeding/Feeding Habitat 10 MEDIUM-LARGE 10 MEDIUMIMSLD PRM Model/Map Query 10 SMALL/MS- Summary 10 SMALLAiS++ 10 MEDIUM 1'MS- See the attached list of habitat query criteria 10 LARGEIMSLD and the electronic CLI file named 10 MEDIUMMS+ PMRMODEL (USFS), for a complete list of 10 LARGE/SEED-SAP-POLE Pacific Merid an Resource (PMR) categories 10 MEDIUM,SEED-SAP pertinent to this species. Rankinq values for 10 LARGEIMS+ the PMR categories for nestirg;'breeding 10 LRGEMS- habitat for the white-headed woodpecker ana the combinatcn3s which were used as Tree Species criteria for manc'r-. are as fol ows: 100 Canopy closure = Thirncst mrnportait 1C0 habitat attribute; V'a je = 1 1C3 ABAM,'PSME! 100 EDIT iABAM./,MIXll/ Size structure = Second most lmoortant; ICIo EDrT /ABCO/!MIX// Value = 10 1c0 E-,T ii/ABCC,'MIX/ 10 EDIT A5CO,;'PSME/! Tree species =ost rnportan:. F- mary 1:3 ECDT ,i',A3MAS,MIX' value = 2co. Secnridary value = o00 ECiT ,AE'.AAS,' MIX/ 1 >3 !i ABMAS PSMEI 13:0 combinations were mapped. IlABMASN IXI The following 100 /ABMAS/IPSM E/! 1G00 ss + 2°spp = 110 1 30 /ABMAS/!9MIXI/ ss + 1°spp = 210 100 EDIT ///ABCO/PSME/ cc + ss + 2cpp0 = 111 100 //IABCO PSME/ cc + ss + 1°spp = 211 100 EDIT //PIlLA'/ 100 lIPIL A/! References 100 EDIT /PICO,'/M IX/! 100100 EDIT hMNX.PIJC0/ Blair 1993 EDIT //iMIX/! Frederick and Moorec 1991 103 EDIT NMIX 'I Marshall 992a 100 1I N1XITS ME/ 100 ''iMIXPSMEI 130 EDIT /',PSME// 100 i,/ PSMEI/ /PSME MIlX// 100 IPSME 'ABCO// 100 /PSMEa,//

7118 95 Appendix 5-7 Spencer Creek Watershed Analysis 100 PSM El//i Black-Backed Woodpecker 100 //MIX/PILAPSME 100 ///MIXIPICO/ (PIAR) Breeding/Feeding 100 //MIXII Habitat PMR Model/Map 100 /MIX//ABMAS// Query Summary 100 /MIX//ABCO// 100 iM IXIII/ 100 MIXI/I/I 100 EDIT /, ABAN1 ,MIX See the anached list of habftat query cter a 100 'ABCO ' MIX,/ and the electronic CLI file narrea 100 /ABCOI/PSM E, PMR MODEL (USFS), for a complete list of 100 //!ABCO,/M IYXi Pacific Meridian Resource (PMR) categories 200 /l/ABCOi PIPO/ pertinent to this species. Ranking values for 200 EDIT h MIX.PPIPO; the PMR categories for nestxng breecing 200 ,PICOiPIPO/,' habitat for the black-backed woodpecker 200 EDIT /PICO,/,'PIPO/I and the combinations which were used as 200 PIPOI//I/ criteria for mapping are as follows: 200 EDIT ///PICO,'PIPO/ 200 EDIT ///PIPO,'PSMl/ Species - Most important habzat attribute; 200 EDIT ///PiPO'i Values = 200, 100 200 EDIT /PIPO~%','i Size structure - Second most important: 200 EDIT PIPO',ii Value = 10 200 ///PIP0,!PSME/ Canopy closure - Third most important: 200 IIPIPO 1/i Value = 1 200 /PilPO/lPSM E./!, 200 /PIPOil/'l The follow'ng combination, .- c m2pper 200 l/PIPCO1PIPO/ 200 EDIT //,/MIX'PSM1E' Preferred Habitat 200 EDIT /MIX'iPSME// 200 EDIT j//ABCOPIPOi 10SP + SS + CC = 211 200 //.1MIX PIPO/ 1°SP + SS = 210 200 ///AS M1AS, PIPO Secondary Habitat

20SP - SS + CC = ill 0 2 SP t SS = 110

References:

Marshall 1992a Marshall 1992b Goggans, Dixon, and Seminara 1988

Appendix 5-8 7 18 95 100 /M IXI/ABMAS Black-Backed Woodpecker 100 I'MIX/lABCO// 100 /MIX//II Breeding/Feeding Habitat 100 IIIABCOlMIX/ Query Criteria Value PMR 200 l//ABCOIPICO/ Category 200 EDIT ,'/IPIPO/PSME/ 2r0 EDIT /M/PIPOH/ Description 20 E',T PIPOi/// 22'O ET PIPOH,, 200 iRIPO/PSME/ Canopy Closure 200 ,,PIPO'! 200 / PO!/P1SM EJ/ 200 1 TREE CC 26-40% IPIPOJ;//// 1 TREE CC 41-55% 200 Fi P0/i/i! 1 TREE CC 56-70% 200 EDIT ///PICO/PIPO/ 1 TREECC71-1000o 200 EDIT !'/PICO// 200 EDIT 'PICO//PIPO// Size Structure 200 EDIT PICO//MIX// 200 EDIT, PICO//l/ .0 SMALL-MEDIUM 200 E 'IT PICO//// ,ICO'PIPOI 10 ME'DIUM-LARGE 200 1 0 POLE/MS+- 200 PICO8/ :ZC0I ,PIPO!! 10 SMALL/MS+ 200 10 MEnIIJM!MSLD 200 0;COJABCO/i 10 SMALLJMS++ 200 10 LARGE/MS+ 200 F COiJ//f 10 LARGEIMS- 200 EDIT ///MIX/PICO/ ,0 LARGEIMSLD 200 / MAXIPIP0/ 10 MEDIUM. MS+ 200 AiXPICO/ 10 MEDIUMiMS- 200 4BCO/PIPO/ 1. SIALLjMSLD 200 200 EDIT /ABMAS/,PICO Trees Species 200 J ABMAS/PI PO/ 200 EDIT "'/ABCO/PIPO/ ICO 'ABAM, MIX.,' -0 1 ABAM/MIX! '10 EDIT /ABAM' MIXJI 100 EDIT ///ABCO/MIX 100 /ABMAS//MIX/J 100 EDIT /ABCO//MIXI/ 100 MIXI//// 100 //!CADE3iMIXI 100 EDiT //,'ABMAS;M1X/ 100 EDIT ,ABMAS '/MIX,' 100 ;jABMAS MIXTSME .2O ABMAS MIX' , `0 EDIT /.ABAM,MIXI 100 IABCO. MIX11 130 iPSMEi MIX,: 100 EDIT /i MIXVPSM'ME 100 EDIT 1 MIXPIPO -o0 EDIT /!', MIX 00 EDITVMIX PSME'i; 100 EDITiMIX 100 ; MIX'PSMES ,00 ,',MIX'P)LAPSME 100 /1IMIX/I 7 1895 Appendix 5-9 Spencer Creek Watershed Analysis

Pygmy Nuthatch (SIPY) Pygmy Nuthatch Breeding/ Breeding/Feeding Habitat Feeding Habitat Query PMR Model/Map Query Sum- Criteria Value PMR Category mary Description

See the attached 11st of habitat query criteria and, tho d!entronir- C`_ f; e -,a' Canopy Closure PMR MODEL (USFS), for a complete list of Pacific Meridian Resource (PMR) categories 1 TREE CC 26-40% pertinent to this species. Ranking values for 1 TREE CC 41-55% the PMR categories for breedirgieeding 1 TREE CC 56-70% habitat for the pygmy nuthatch and the combinations which were used as criteria for Size Structure mapping are as follows: 10 MEDIUM-LARGE Species - Most important habi'at attribute; 10 SMALLUMS++ Values = 200, 100 10 POLE/MS++ Size structure - Second most important, 10 SMALL]MS- Value = 10 10 MEDIUMMSLD Canopy closure - Third most important; 10 MEDIUM;MS+ Value = 1 10 MEDIUMMS- 10 LARGESEED-SAP-POLE The following combinations were iidppued. 10 MEDIUM'SEED-SAP 10 LARGE/MS+ Preferred Habitat 10 LARGEIMS-

10SPP + SS + CC =211 Tree Species 10SPP + SS = 210 100 /ABAM/IMIX'/ Secondary Habitat 100 ///ABAMM'IX' 100 EDIT /ABAM;'MIXi 20SPP + SS + CC = 111 100 EDIT !ABCO MIX. 20SPP + SS = 110 100 EDIT /IIABCO MIX 100 ///ABMAS, MIX! References 100 /ABMAS1,MIX'/ 100 /MIXI/ABMASI! Chapel et al. 1991 100 /MIX//ABCO/! Marshall 1992 100 /MIXI/// 100 MIX]I!! 100 EDIT l//JUOCi! 100 f//CADE31'MMIX! 100 EDIT //IABMASNMIXI 100 EDIT /ABMAS/hMIX'/ 100 EDIT //!PILA 100 EDIT /PICO,, MIX/' 100 EDIT /h!PIAL'/ 100 ///PIALlPICO! 100 EDIT ///MIX'TSME/ 100 EDIT //IMIX!PSME/ 100 EDIT I,'MIX PICO/ 100 EDIT /hMIX) 100 /PSME iM1X' 100 EDIT /MIXPSME,'

Appendix 5-10 7 18 95 100 ///M IXITSM E/ Preferred Habitat 100 //iMIXiPSMEJ 100 //IMIXIPILA'PSME Primary species + cc + ss = 311 100 //IMIXIPICO/ Primary species + ss = 310 100 /I/MIXVI 100 EDIT ///ASAM/MIXI and 100 iABCO//MIXI/ 100 ABCONMIX Sulable Habitat 100 I ABCO/PILA/ 200 I,','ABCO/PIPO/ Secondary species + cc + ss = 211 200 /PICO//PIPO// Secondary species + ss = 210 200 EDIT /PICO//PIPO// 200 PIPO/I//I Roosting Habitat 200 PIPO/PSMElf 200 ,'PIPO,/// Canopy closure - Most important habftat 200 EDIT I/iPIPO/PSMEI attribute; Value = 100 200 EDIT /'/PIPO// Size structure - Second most important 200 EDIT /PIPO//// habitat attribute; Value = 10 200 EDIT PIPOI//// Species group - Third most important habitat 200 P,PO/PSME/ atnribute; Value = 1 200 ,P'PO// 200 EOiT I//IPICOIPIPO/ The following combinations were rna-ced: 200 I F CO/PIPO/ 200 EDlT iiMIXPIPOI F-elerred Habitat 200 200 ,'i"1ABMAS/PIPO/ cc + ss + spg = 111 200 EDIT ///A80C0PIPO/ Flammulated Owl Breeding/ Flammulated Owl (OTFL) Feeding Habitat Query Crite- Breeding/Feeding and Roost- ria Value PMR Category De- ing Habitat PMR Model/Map scription Query Summary Canopy Closure See the attached list of habitat query cr.nena and the e',ectronic CLI file named 1 GRASS PMR MODEL (USFS), for a compie:e list of 1 TREE CC 26-40% Pacific Meridian Resource (PMR) categories 1 TREE CC 41-55% pertinent to this species. Ranking va'ues for 1 TREE CC 56-70% the PMR categories for the flammulated owl and the combinations which were used as Size Structure criteria for mapping are as follows: 10 GRASS NestingrForaging Habitat 10 SMALL1MS++ 10 MEDIUM MS+ Species - Most important habitat atr zu e, 10 LARGE.MS+ Values = 300, 200, 100 10 LARGE.MS- S!ze Structure - Second most important 10 MIEDIUM,'MS- habitat attrbute; Value = 10 10 MEDIUM-LARGE Canopy Closure --Third most importa,.t hnab!:at attribute; Value = 1

The following combinations vere maped.

7 18 95 Appendix 5-11 Spencer Creek Watershed Analysis Species Flammulated Owl Roosting 100 /ABCO//MIX/J Habitat Query Criteria Value 100 MIX/I/// PMR Category Description 100 /MIX//ABCO// 100 EDIT /MIX//I/ Species Group 100 EDIT ///MIXI/ 100 MlIX'I/ I A^WHITE FIRJMIX-VARIOUS CONIFERS 100 1 SHASTA RED FIR MIX-CONIFERS 100 ,.ABCCJiMiXI 1 MIX-VARIOUS CONIFER SPECIES 100 EDIT /ABCOA'MIX/! 1 WHITE DOUGLAS FIR'PONDEROSA 100 EDIT /I/ABCO/MIX/ 100 i,'!CADE31MIXI Size Structure 200 ABCO,,'PSME-' 200 ,',PICO/PIPO/ 10 POLE-MS++ 200 PICO//PIPO// 10 MEDIUMIMS+ 200 EDIT ///MIXiPSMEI 10 LARGE'MS+ 200 EDIT //iMIX/PIPO/ 10 LARGE/MS- 200 EDIT IMIX,/PSME/I 10 MEDIUM/MS- 200 1",1'AXJI PSMEl 10 SMALL'MS+ 200 ,,'hMlX)PIPO/ 10 SMALLMS++ 200 !j, MIX/PILA PSME 200 EDIT 1//PIJLN Canopy Closure 200 /., PILA!/ 200 EDIT /,',iPIC/,1P!P,/ 100 TREECC71-100% 200 EDIT /PICO//PIPOII 200 /I/CADE3/PSME/ 200 ///ABCO/PILA/ Deer (ODHE) Hiding Cover 200 EDIT /ABCO//PSMEl/ 200 EDIT ///ABCO/PIPO/ Habitat PMR Model/Map 200 EDIT /ilABCO/PSMEl 200 ,'!ABCO/PIPO/ Query Summary 200 ,/1ABCO/PSMEJ 300 P[PO//I,/I See the attached list of habitat query criteria 3CC , FI P0'//i and tne electronic CLI file named 300 ,;PiPO/iPSME, PM R_MODEL (USFS), for a complete list of 300 j/1PIPO! Pacr~c Meridian Resource (PMR) categories 300 /i PiPO'PSME, pertinent to this species. Ranking values for 300 EDIT PIPO///// the PMR categories for deer, and the 300 EDIT /PIPOI/I/ combinations which were used as criteria for 300 EDIT ///PIPOI/ mapping are as follows: 300 EDIT ///PIPO/PSMEI 300 PSMEl///I Hiding Cover Habitat 300 /PSM El/li 300 /PSME 'ABCO// Soec;es group - Least important habitat 300 /PSME.'MIX'! a-ritute, Value = 1 3 0 // PSM E/! S,ze Structure - Second most important 300 EDIT //1,PSME.'l habn-at attribute; Value = 10 Canopy Closure - Most important habitat anribu.te; Value = 100

Tne following combination was mapped:

SG , SS + CC = 110

Appendix 5-12 7, 18,95 Deer Hiding Cover Habitat Query Criteria Value PMR Category Description

Species Group

1 SHRUB I \A/HITR FIR 1 SHASTA RED FIR 1 SHASTA RED FIFLMIX-CONIFERS 1 WHITE FIR'/MIX-VARIOUS CONIFERS 1 WESTERN JUNIPER 1 WHITE,,DOUGLAS FIR/PONDEROSA 1 LODGEPOLE PINE 1 QUAKING ASPEN 1 PONDEROSA PINE 1 WESTERN HEMLOCK 1 DOUGLAS FIR 1 PACIFIC SILVER FIR 1 ENGLEMAN SPRUCE 1 INCENSE CEDAR 1 LESS THAN 25%o ANY SPECIES 1 MOUNTAIN HEMLOCK 1 LOLJGEPOLE PINE~'PONDrOSqnA D1IME 1 MIX-VARIOUS CONIFER S~-ECIES

Size Structure

10 DECADENT 10 SMALL-MEDIUM 10 SEED-SAP-POLE 10 MEDIUM-LARGE 10 SMALL-/MS+ 10 MEDIUMjMS- 10 LARGE;,MS- 10 MEDIUM/MS+ 10 LARGE,,MS+ 10 SMALLIMS++ 10 POLE/MS++

Canopy Closure

100 SHRUB 56-70% 100 TREE CC 41-55%/' 100 TREECC56-70% 100 TREECC71-100%

7118,95 7~~~~~18,95~~~~~~~~~~~~~Appendix 5-13 Spencer Creek Watershed Analysis Wildlife Species Table

7 18 95 Appendix 5-14 Table 5-1 00

List of the amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals documinte(d or with the potential to occur within the Spencer Creek Watershed, their status, association with course woody debris, snags, late-seral-stage forest, ponderosa pine forest, or riparian/wetland/wet meadow habitats.

Common Name Scientific Name Occur- Coarse Woody Late Ponderosa Riparian/ rence' Status2 Debris Snags Seral Pine Wetiand/ Aquatic

AMPHIBIANS

Spotted Frog Rana pretiosa D PSFC1 ,OU,3 x Cascades Frog Rana cascadal D PSFC2OV,3 x Pacific Chorus Ffro( Hyla ru(pia x x Foothill Yellow legged Frog I ifd tnkboylti P' (H) I C?,OV,3 x Bull Frog Rana catesbeiana D (I) x Western toa(1 8ufo boreas D ()V,3 x x Long-toed Salamander Anibystorna inacroclat!yli Il D x x Pacific Giant Salamander Dicamptodon tenebrosus D x x Rough-skinned Newt Taricha granulosa P PS x x REPTILES

We;tern Pond Turtlo Clommrmys marmorata K SFC2,OC,2,M x Western Fence Lizard Sceloporus occidentalis D x x Western Skink Eumeces skiltonianus D x x Southern Alligator Li,'ard Gorrhonotus muticanrtm'n; P Norther i Alligator Lizard Gurrhonotus coeruleus D x Short-horned lizard Phrynosomca douglassi LP x Rubber Boa Charina bottae x 0 x Western Yellow-bellied Racer Coluber constrictor mor nxIa D Sharptail snake Contia tenuis P OV,4 Gopher Snake Pitoophis melanoleucus P (b Klamath Garter Snake Tiarnnophiselegarns D x x Common Garter Snake Thamnophis sirtalls K x x We sterni FttI-;r.nkc CitIhs virl(mis D Oil (Jn

I i:3 'To Common Name Scientific Name Occur- Coarse Woody Late Ponderosa Riparian/ rence' Status 2 Debris Snags Seral Pine Wetland/ t. Aquatic

(YI

MAMMALS

FURBEARERS

Bobcat Lynx rufus D X Wolverine Gulo gulo P(H) S,FC2,OT,2,M X Fisher Martes pennanti P(H) PS,FC2,OC,2 X X X American Marten Martes americana D PS,OC,3,M,BSO X X X X Ermine Mustela erminea K X X Long-tailed Weasel Mustela frenata K X X Mink Mustela vison D X X Red Fox Vulpes vulpes P(H) X Common Gray Fox Urocyon cinereoargenteus P X Coyote Canis latrans D X American Badger Taxidea taxus K Northern River Otter Lutra canadensis K X American beaver Castor canadensis D X Common Muskrat Ondatra zibethicus P(H) X Ring-tailed Cat Bassariscus astutus D OU,3 Raccoon Procyon lotor K X X X

BATS

Pacific Western Big-eared Bat Plecotus townsendu townsendii P S,FC2,OC, M X Fringed Myotfs Myotis thysanodes D OV, 1, X X Pallid Bat Antrozous pallidus P OV,3 X Hoary Bat Lasiurus cinereus D X X Big Brown Bat Efptesicus fuscus D X X Silverlhaire(d B3at x nJ Lasionycteris noctivagains D X X x Littlo Brrown My )tis Myotis I,icifiqus n X X x (J0 Lonq lugged Myotis Myotis volins U) I C2 X X x

. Common Name Scientific Name Occur- Coarse Woody Late Ponderosa Rlparlan/ U, 2 rence' Status Debris Snags Seral Pine Wetland/ tbz Aquatic tb

-A (b SMALL MAMMALS (b

Deer Mouse Perornyscus maniculatus P x x x Western Jumping Mouse Zapus prInceps P X (b Pacific Jumping Mouse Zapus trinotatus P x _- Yellow-pine chipmunk Tamias amoenus D (b Least Chipmunk Tamias minimus D Yellow-bellied marmot Marrnota flaviventris P ;i. Western gray squirrel Sciurus griseus D Ou Northern Flying Squirrel Glaucornys sabrinus D x x California Ground Squirrel Spermtophilus beecheyi D Belding,-,; Gioutid Squirrel Spormiophilus boldingi p GoldeI 1monIi tled G(round Squ rrel Spermophilus lateralls D x Douglas Squirrel Tarniasciurusdouglasi D x x

SMALL MAMMALS (Continued)

Botta's Pocket Gopher Thomomys bottae P Western Pocket Gopher Thornornys mazama D Common Porcupine Erethizon dorsatum K x Striped Skunk Mephitis mephitis K x Spotted Skunk Spilogale putorius P American Pika Ochotona princeps P Mountain Cottontail Sylvilagus nuttallii D x Snowshoe Hare Lepus americanus D x Black-tailed jack rabbit Lepus californicus K

BIRDS OF PREY

Golden Eaq(le Aqtuila chrysaetos P N D Bald Eagle Haliaeetus leucocephalus D -TOT,1 PM x Northern Harrier x ~0 Circus cyaneus K Commo Nam Scienc Na m Common Name Scientific Occur- N Name Coarse Woody Late Ponderosa Riparian/ rence' Status2 Debris Snags Seral Pine Wetland/ co Aquatic (0 01

BIRDS OF PREY

Sharp-shinned Hawk Accipiter striatus K Cooper's Hawk Accipiter cooperui K Northern Goshawk Accipiter gentiles 0 pl ,,FC,''OC,3P,M x x Swainson's Hawk Buteo swainsoni LP OV,3 x Red-tailed Hawk Buteo jamaicensis D Rough-legged Hawk Buteo lagopus D Ferruginous Hawk Buteo regalis K S.FC2,OC,3,M Osprey Pandion haliaetus D P x American Kestrel Falco sparverius D x Merlin Falco columbaris P 2,EBAO x Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus LP FE,OT, 1,P,M Prairie Falcon Falco mexlcanus P P Flammulated Owl Otus flammeolus D PSOC,4,P,BSO x x x Western Screech Owl Otus kennicottii P x Great Horned Owl Bubo virginianus D Northern Pygmy Owl Glaucidium gnoma K OU,3 x x Northern Spotted Owl Strix occidentalis D caurina FT,OT, ,P,M x x x Barred Owl Strix varia P x x Great Gray Owl Strix nebulosa D PSOV,4,P x x Long earidl Owl Asio otus P

BIRDS OF PREY (Continutd)

Boreal Owi Aeqnollos -a funereus Lr 3 Northerri Saw whet Owl Ace.olilis .-ICcus K x Barn Owl Tyto albo x

a 10 Common Name Scientific Name Occur- Coarse Woody Late Ponderosa Riparlan/ 1)(b 2 _t rencel Status Debris Snags Seral Pine Wetland/ bQ. Aquatic

tru IC) UPLAND BIRDS

Blue Grouse Dendragapus obscurus D Ruffed Grouse Bonasa umbellus K(H) x Wild Turkey Meleagris gallopavo P California Quail Callipepla californica K Mountain Quail Oreortyx pictus D FC2,4 Mourning Dove Zei aida mnacroura D x

WOODPECKERS

Red-naped Sapsucker Sphyrapicus nuchalis K Williamson's Sapsucker Sphyrapicus thyroideus P OU4, x x x Lewis' Woodpecker Melanerpes lewis P OC,3,BSO x x x Acorn Woodpecker Melanerpes formicivorus LP OU,3 Red-breasted Sapsucker Sphyrapicus ruber D x Downy Woodpecker Picoides pubescens D x x Hairy Woodpecker Picoides villosus K x x x White-headed Woodpecker Picoides albolarvatus K PSOC,3,BSO x x x x Three-toed Woodpecker Picoides tridactylus P PSOC,4,P.MBSO x x x Black-backed Woodpecker Picoides arcticus K PSOC,4,BAO x x x x Northern Flicker Colaptes auratus D x x x x Pileated Woodpecker Dryocopus pileatus K PS OC,4, PM, BSO x x x x

WATER ASSOCIATED BIRDS

American White Pelican Pelecanus erythrorhynchos K S.OV.2.BAO x Double-crested cormorant Plialacrocoraxauritus p x Western least bittern Ixobrychus exilis hespens P FC2,OPINR,2 x American lBlttern Botaurus lentiginosus P x Greu t Bliu I Wron Ardoa herodias K x Great L:(Jrnt Casnierodiusalbus p OU4 x

co (.13 <~n Common Name Scientific Riparian/ N Name Occur- Coarse Woody Late Poriderosa rence' Status, Debris Snags Seral Pine Wetland/ Aquatic tnco

WATER ASSOCIATED BIRDS (Continued)

Snowy Egret Egretta thula P OV,2 X White-faced Ibis Plegadis chihi P PS,FC2,OV,4 X Black-crowned Night Heron Nycticorax nycticorax K X Green-backed Heron Butorides striatus P X Greater Sandhill Crane Grus canaderisis tablda D S,OV,4,S X Tundra Swan Cygnus columbianus K X White-fronted Goose Anser albitrons P X Snow Goose Chen caerulescens P X Ross' Goose Chen rossli P X Canada(J. ( Iowm IPrriit.i caUidonsis D X Wood D)uck Aix sponsa D X X X Greon winge(d Thai Anns ciecca P X Mallard Anas platyrhynchos K X Northern pintail Anas acuta P X Blue-winged Teal Anas discors P X Cinnamon Teal Anas cyanoptera LP X Northern Shoveler Anas clypeata K X Gadwall Anas strepera P X American Wigeon Anas americana P X Redhead Aythyra americana P X Ring-necked Duck Aythyra collaris P 4 X Common Goldeneye Bucephala clangula P X Barrow's Goldeneye Bucephala islandica P O0PINNR.4 X X X Bufflehead Bucephala albeola P OP/N R,2, BAO X X X Hooded Merqgrnscr Lophodytes cucullatus P X X X Cormriori Muer(qaiisur Morgiis merqanster P X X X b~ FRuddy Duck Oxyura jarnaicensis X -z 3 Yellow Rail Cotornicops novebomcensls LIP S,OC,2,M,BSO X Virginia Huiil Ralhis limicola LIP X Q Sora Porsana carolina LIP X x American Coot Fulica amencana LIP X rh Killdeer Charad1rius vocifenrs K X I I. ick no (kedI t {lm flr opIIt[i]s mlexic~situn; P X (A Common Name Scientific Name Occur- Coarse Woody Late Ponderosa Rlparlan/ (b rence' Status2 Debris Snags Seral Pine Wetland/ rL Aquatic (b

)

WATER ASSOCIATED BIRDS (Continued)

American Avocet Recurvirostra american;1 P x co XI Marbled Godwit Limosa fedoa LP x Greater Yellowlegs Tringa melanoleuca P 2,BAO x to Willet Catopfrophorus semipalmatus P x (b Long-billed Curlew Nurnenius americanus P(H) S,FC3,4,M X Z3 Western Sandpiper Caidris mauri P x Spotted Sandpiper Actitis macularia D Long-billed Dowitcher Lomnodermuis sco/opaceus P x Common Snipe Galmnago gallinago K x Wilson's Phalarope Phalaropus tricolor P x Bonaparte's Gull Larus philidelphia LP x Ring-billed Gull Larus californicus K x California Gull Larus californicus K x Caspian Tern Sterna caspia LP x Forster's Tern Sterna forsteri LP 3 x Black Tern Chlidonias nigar LP PS,FC2,4 x

NEOTROPICAL MIGRANTS

Common Nighthawk Chordeiles minor 0 Common Poorwill Phalaenoptilus nuttallil K x Vaux's Swift Aeronautes saxatatis P x x Black-chinnerd Hummingbird Archilochus alexandr LP 3 Anna's Hummingbird Calypte anna p Calliope Hummingbird Stellula calliope D Rufous Hummingbird Selasphorus rufus P Belted Kingfisher Ceryle alcyon K Western Kingbird Tyrannus verticalis P Oive-sid'd I 1-lycatclher Cor topus b)orealis D We stsern Wood ['eewee Contotpis sordidulus D Willow Flycatcher Ernpidonax traill/, D x Hammond's Flycatcher Empldonax hammondUi P x Dusky Flycatcher Empidonax oberholseri 0 N Common Name Scientific Name Occur- Coarse Woody Late Ponderosa Riparian/ _x rence' Status2 Debris Snags Seral Pine Wetland/ Aquatic

NEOTROPICAL MIGRANTS (Continued)

Gray Flycatcher Fmpldonax wriqhtii K Pacific-slope Flycatcher L itpldonax difticilis LP Cordilleran Flycatcher Empidonax occidentalls P Say's Phoebe Sayornis saya LP Ash-throated Flycatcher Mymarchus cinerascens LP x Purple Martin Pro qne subis P OC,3,BSO x x Tree Swallow 7achycineta bicolor D x x Violet-green Swallow Tachycineta thalassina P x x N. Rough-winged Swallow Stelgidopteryx serripennis P Bank Swallow Riparia riparia P OU.3 Cliff Swallow Hirundo pyrrchonota n Barn Swallow Hfirundo rustica D House Wren Troglodytes aedon D x x Ruby-crowned Kinglet Roqulujs calendula P Blue gray Gnatcatcher Polioptila cAerulen LP x Mountain Bluebird Sialia currucoides K x Swainson's Thrush Catharus ustulatus K Hermit Thrush Catharus guttatus D x American Robin Tordus miratorius D American Pipit Atthus rubescens LP Cedar Wx;ixwrnq Hombycilla cedrorur K Europcailrli : i Sturnuls vijktafis K x Solitairy VMIco Vir !() S()lit. mi IS K WKrbliriq Vireo K x x Orange-crowned Wairbler Vermnivora celata K Nashville Warbler Vermivora ruficapilla K Yellow Warbler Dendroica petechia D x 'i Yellow-rumped Warbler Dendroica coronata K 't I l ck 11u IZ*d (Gr:.y W. irbler flon(roic.liqro.'7ons LP io x Ioww;ri(i%, W,V'V,)l tr nD 'FI/r~ibe l townsri oi 1(111 1) Hermit Warbler Dendroica occidenlalhs P x - - - - __ - __ __ - M Common Name Scientific Name Occur- Coarse Woody Late Ponderosa Riparlan/ (b) 2 rencel Status Debris Snags Seral Pine Wetland/ (bla

Aquatic Z D

NEOTROPICAL MIGRANTS (Continued)

(D MacGillivrmys Warbler Oporomis tolmiei K Wilson's Warbler W1lsonia pusilla K X X (4 Black-headed Grosbeak Pheucticus lelanocephalus D X Lazuli Buntinqp Passerina amoena K X Zir Green-tailed Towhee Pipilo chlorurus D X Chipping Sparrow Spizella passerina D Brewer's Sparrow Spizella breweri D Vesper Sparrow Pooecetes gramineus D CU Savannah Sparrow Passerculus sandwichensis P X Lincoln's Sparrow Melospiza lincolnji P X Fox Sparrow Passerella iliaca K X White-crowned Sparrow Zonotrichia leucophrys P Yellow-headed Blackbird Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus P X Brewer's Blackbird rCuphngus cyanocephalus D X Brown-headed Cowbird Molothrus ater D Nortlhern Oriole Ictorus galbula P X Western TAnager Piranga ludoviciana D American Goldfinch Carduelis tristis P X Cassin's Finch Carpodacus cassinii K Turkey Vulture Cathartes aura D X

OTHER BIRDS

WVolil 'i Clm;uialon fnscinta LP Black-capped Chickadee Parn s atricapfllus K X Mountain Chickadee Parus gambeli D X Chostnul-backed Chickadee Paras rufescens P X X Plain Titmouse Parus inornatus P X ' Bushtit Psaltriparus minimus P co Red-breasted Nuthatch Sltta canadensis D OV,4, X X (b White-breasted Nuthatch Sitta carolnersis K X X Common Name Scientific Occur- Coarse Late Ponderosa Rlparian/ N4 Name Woody rence' Status2 Debris Snags Seral Pine Wetland/ Aquatic (0 U.,

OTHER BIRDS (Continued)

Pygmy Nuthatch Sitta pygmaea K ov, X X Brown Creeper Certhla americana K X X Bewick's Wren Thryomanes bewicki, K X X Winter Wr I Troqiodytes troglodytes P x X Golden-crowin i'4d'il Regulus satrapa K x Western Bluebird Sialia mexicana K OV,4 X X Townsend's Solitaire Myadestes townsendi K X Varied Thrush Ixoreus naevius D X American Dippci Cinclus mexicanus K Rufous-sided Towhee Pipilo erythrophthalmus K X X Fox Sparrow Passerella iliaca K Song Sparrow Melospiza melodia D X Goldon-crowned Sparrow 7onotnchia atricapIlla P x Dark oyed Jiunc(o Junco hyenialis D Westorn Moadowlark Sturnedla nofflocta P Red winged Blackbird Agelaius phoenicous D X House Sparrow Passer domesticus K Pine Siskin Carduelis pinus K Lesser Goldfinch Carduelis psaltria P X Red Crossbill Loxia curvirostra K X Purple Finch Carpodacus cassinii D Houise Finch Carpodacusmexicanus P Lv'mimrn( 00!.Iinuak Gc(u :otflraiustos vesp olh'Inns K Gray Jay Il'tYHorotLs CaI{iw(dotflsi K Steller's Jay Cyaimoiltw a stelleri K Scrub Jay Aphelocorna coerulescens K Clark's NutIcracker Nucifraga columbiana K (D Black-billed -o Magpie Pica pica K X xr American Crow Corvus brachyrhynchos K Common Raven Corvus corax Oi D I(z Cn

(D M~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~(

X< Abbreviations Used: 0-' is) 'Occurrence. D = Documented; P Potential; LP Low potential, H = Historic records; I = Introduced I") (b o0 A 2 Status: PS = May be listed in the near future as sensitive by Region 6 of the U.S. Forest Service; S = Listed as sensitive by Region 6 of the U.S. Forest Service; FE = Listed as endangered by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; FT = Listed as threatened by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Senrice, FC1 = Federal z Category 1 Candidate for Federal listing as threatened or endangered; FC2 = Federal Category 2 Candidate for Federal listing as threatened or endangered; OT = Oregon Threatened; OC = Oregon Critical; OV = Oregon Vulnerable; OU = Oregon Undetermined; OP/NR = Oregon peripheral species or zr naturally rare; 1 = Oregon Natural Heritage Program List 1; 2 = Oregon Natural Heritage -rogram List 2; 3 = Oregon Natural Heritagie Program List 3; 4 = Oregon Natural Heritage Program List 4; P = Winema National Forest Plan Protection Species; M Winema National Forest Plan Monitor Species; BSO b = BLM Sensitive in Oregon; BAO BLM Assessment in Oregon. CD

n~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I

co (0 Appendix 6 Water Quantity

7 1895 Spencer Creek Watershed Analysis

"Recovered' in this analysis is considered to red fir zone. Zone one units reach full recovery be 'hydrologically recovered*. Harvest units at 26 to 40 percent canopy closure, zone two are hydrologically recovered when re- units reach full recovery at 56 to 70 percent establishment of leaf area is sufficient to canopy closure. Table 6-1 summarizes vegeta- return transpiration rates to pre-harvest tion units and assigned recovery. An additional levels and canopy dosure is sufficient to 1,047 acres are unrecovered due to road prevent excessive snow loading. Leaf area surfaces. nroex .s the ideal Varabae to quar -' to express recovery nosAe er, cors~ce ng the From tble table caz;cua otos arc us Iccvered size ot tMe watersned lea' area is not feasible road surfaces, 13,945 acres in the watersned and canopy closure was used as a surro- are currently in an 'unrecovered state' (equiva- gate. To standardize the data and facilitate lent clearcut acres). The net change in comparisons among watersheds, recovery unrecovered acres is 13,945 minus the average was expressed in terms of equivalent historical unrecovered burned acres, 1.500 clearcut acres (ECA). For details on acreage acres. This represents 12,445 acres, approxi- and recovery rate assignments see Table 6- mately 22 percent of the watershed. 1.

Past harvest units are exoected to fully recover in year 30 Site speofoc data on stand density index ve-sus time was used to support this conclusion. Research Indicates that a 35 percent water increase occurs in 100 percent vegetation removal and a 0 nercent increase in 10 percent vegetation removal with a linear fit between the two points (Troendle 1987). Temporally, the maximum difference in streamflow response generally occurs in the first five years following vegetation remova and decreases logarithmically witn tine

For a baseline or nistorical petspectve, the watershed was assumed to be nrydrologically mature expect for fire disturbed areas. According to 1940 aerial photographs and Leiberg's 1899 data, there was on average between 1,100 to 1,900 acres in burned areas at any one time in the watershed (for calculations of ECA, 1500 acres was chosen as a reprentative amount for burned areas). This represents the historical ECA. For details on vegetation zones and historic fire disturbances see Chapter 4

To determine current equivalent cdearcut acres, the watershed «as divided into two vegetation zones based on historical canopy closure. Zone one indudes the ponderosa pine zone, the lower elevation mixed conifer zone. and the high elevation mountain hemlock zone. Zone two is the upoer elevation mixed cor;'er zone arm t-e shasta

Appendix 6-2 7 18 95 Table 6-1. Canopy Closure and Equivalent Clearcut Acres

Tree Species Canopy Closure (percent) Acres Recovery Factor ECA

Lcdgepole * -25 715 0 5 357 5 26-40 1221 0 41-55 1115 1 0 56-70 366 0 71-100 216 0 Total 357 5

,%'-unta n Hemnloc 11 -25 136 0 6 26-40 388 ~~~~~~0 411-55 360 ~~~~~~~0 56-70 228 ~~~~~~0 71 -100 132 ~~~~~~~0 Total 68

Poinde-c Pine 1' -25 232 C5 116 26-40 22) 1 0 41 -55 10 11 0 t56-70 0 1 0 71-100 0 1 0 Total 116

Lower ,1

Shasta Re-i Fir 11-25 2222 0.25 1666 5 26-40 1970 0 5 985 A"S -55 1907 C,75 476.75 5o-70 3080 1 0 7 -100 3259 1 0 Total 31,28 25

Upper V x CCc-ife- -25 5344 n :; 4008 26-40 3411 0 5 1705 5 4- -55 2048 C 75 512 :-- 70 1510 0 , - 00 596 I 0 Total 6225 5

Shrubs 2861 0 25 2145

7 18 9-: Appendix 6-3 Appendix 7 Life Histories of Aquatic Sp.,.,,cies

7 18 95 Spencer Creek Watershed Analysis Life Histories of Aquatic Ani- steelhead are the progenitors of Klamath mals and Distributions in River redband/rainbow trout (Benke 1979) since fall migration patterns are coincident Spencer Creek Watershed with the timing of anadromous steelhead spawners returning to the lower Klamath This appendix describes what is known River. about the life histories and ecology of aquatic species in Spencer Creek. The Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife intent is not t: provide species specific bioog sts trapped and tagged redtand,' management strategies, but rather to gain rannb-w troujt moving in and out of Soencer perspective on the potential of the aquatic Creek from 1989 to 1992. In general, ecosystem and changes in habitat condi- spawning adults move downstream in the tions. Keno reach of the Klamath into Boyle Reservoir to enter Spencer Creek starting in Salmon and Trout February and ending in June with a peak in April and early May. Apparently, relatively Klamath River migratory trout popula- few adults migrate upstream from below tion. Redbandi'rainbow trout can be de- Boyle to spawn in Spencer Creek. These scrbed as consisting of two populations in fish spawn pnmanly between the mouth of Spencer Creek, a migratory spawning Spencer Creek and mile eight, approxi- population and a year-round stream resident mate'y one mdie above the BLM hookup population. Spencer Creek is one of two road as mnodccted by various spawning redd tributaries ava !able for trout spawning counts (Oregon Department of Fish and between Copco and Kamath Lake. The WildLwe unpuibished district files). The lower other is Shovel Creek located 4.6 km below !nternttent reaches of Clover and Miners the Oregon boarder between J.C. Boyle and Creeks may provide iiiikit- s abitat f'lo Copco dams. It is suspected that trout spawning during higher flow years (see below Boyle Dam may spawn in the con- section on resident redband/rainbow). The stant flow reach of the Klamath River migratory spawners leave Spencer Creek between the dam and the Boyle power from March to July with peak out-migration house (T. Olson pers. comm. 1994). Fish in May. Fry (hatchling trout) begin leaving movements in the Klamath River below Spencer Creek (90 percent in 1991 and 82 Klamath Lake were first monitored one year percent in the 1992). About 30,000 fish after the construction of J.C. Boyle dam in migrated out of Spencer Creek in 1991 and 1958. Trapping results indicated two peak 10,000 fish in 1992. upstream migraton periods in the Spring and Fall with over 5.000 adult fish ascending Spencer Creek is apparently a major source the fish ladder at the dam that year (Hanel of recruitment of redbandirainbow trout in and Gerlach 1959). Since 1988 PacifiCorp the Keno reach of the Klamath River. (formerly Pacific Power and Light) in con- Junction with Oregon Department of Fish Resident redband/rainbow trout. Quanti- and Wildlife research biologists, have tative data on the distribution and status of studied fish migration patterns to asses the the resident redband/rainbow trout popula- effect of Pacific Power and Light's hydro- tion in the watershed are not available. electric operations on the redband/rainbow Varic-s surveys and anecdotal accounts trout and endangered suckers (Shrier 1989, coLp; ed witn physiographic information Pacifcorp 1990, 1992: Hemmingsen et al. a!'cv's for a imried assessment of these 1988; Buchanan et al. 1989-1992) Results pop. atbons At the headwaters of Spencer show a major decine in overall passage at Creek two intermittent, partially spring fed J. C. Boyle to between 2 and 10 percent of streams flow into the north side of Buck the 1959 level. However, peaks in migration Lake. It is possible but not documented that remain evident n t".e spring and fall. This redlandra nbow trout could spawn in the adds credence to tne theory that coastal lower reacnes of these streams. In addbtic- one snort, sprng-fed perennial tritutary (T.n-el Creek) feeds directly into the hign vourne springs at Buck Lake. Trout have been observed in this creek but the species

Appendix 7-2 7X18,95 was not identified. This area potentially the impoundment dam, were in extreme 1y supports resident redbandlrainbow trout poor condition. These fish were severel' however, it has not been surveyed. The imperiled by low flows (less than 0.1 ctc ~c extent of trout in the canal system of Buck feet per second), lack of strearnside sthac- Lake is also unknown. ing, and heavy cattle use in the streamr a-d its banks. Information on redband/rainbow trou-t in the mainstem is more prevalent. Signi~ca-ly The interrupted flow of 'these Creeks a higher summer floi;w were noted1 in e cause some degree of, eproducti~ie s: -- : upper half of Spencer Creek than in th-e between the perennial reach popula c-s lower reaches during the summer of :.994. A and the populations in Spencer Cree-'. gradual decline in flow below the Scer7cer Recent studies in trout genetic and l'ae Creek Hookup Road shows that up to 90 history differences indicate a high demzee of percent of the stream flow is evapc.,:a-spira- adaptive divergence in Klamath Bas - -:_ tion and/or becomes subsurface be'ore It (Currens 1990, Benke 1992, Bucha-a-a reaches the mouth. This may help ex::ain at. 1988 to 1992) even where little or observed distribution patterns which, -d1:ate pnhysical barriers separate populat cs that stream resident redbandirainbc& -rout (Buchanan et al. 1991). There is a;Sc dominate the upper portion of Spence, evidence of genetic divergence in eca Creek during the summer after miga'a-iy versus anadromous forms occurrnn: .n adults have moved out . thie same watershed (Buchanan pers comm. 1994). The taxonomy and e-;c::, The two perennial tributaries below Back of stream resident redband/rainbow '... Lake (Miners and Clover Creeks) rave needs to be compared to the migra::,-.. 2-.ut interrupted flows in the mm" r h,~-ro to -~nke decisions abou: reaching Spencer Creek. The status of the management. resident redband~irainbow populations in these streams is a uncertain. Aedbca-d/ Anadromous salmon and trout. - rainbow trout in the 12 to 20 inch rar-ge potential for anadromous fsh to rea.:-- (likely migratory) were observed in the m-nd Spencer Creek was eliminated in 19-7 .%:n 1980s rrogiating downstream near the mouth the construction of Copco Dam. No) - 5s::nc of Miners Creek in May (Chris Soke, pers. da'a could be found to verify war:-az-:- _ comm). Krig et al. (1977) reportec, ocserv- fisri runs in Spencer Creek butevez ing numerous brook trout in Miners Creek from oral histories is compelling. In 9'93 J. but did nct specr~y whetner redbarn: 'an:-bw 0. Snyder, then an employee ofl th~e ' were present. In the summer of I994 te S'ates Bureau of Fisheries, inte~r'v perennia: reach of Miners Creek was sur- f snermen and longtime res~der--ts veyed visually and only brooK trout were Kamath Basin to learn about pas, sa - observed. rujns. As a result, he reported t.-iat '. aze numbers of salmon annually passe.: :n~e Clover Creek has even less connectvit to point where the Copco Dam is now coated" Spencer Creek than Miners Creek. The (Snyder 1930). Evidence that sarnen actual frequency and duration of urt,r'ter- entered Spencer Creek is found from- rupted flow in unclear due to conflict. ng interviews made in 1965. Fortune e. a~ reports. It is apparent that Clover C'aeK (1966) reported that 'Salmon were- - : v%-1i after June first. A population of res zen:, Spencer Creek in the fall months oi e:m redband/rainbow of unknown taxo--,:7m'c ber and October as reported by fcob' status exist in the impoundment at Dead people.' It is assumed here that t:~_~-e Porcupine Spring and in the 1/4 - ~eperen- sa~mon refers to Chinook salmon. Faa_:- nial reach of C~over Creek directhy Ceicw. A ent~ly, it cannot be concluded that a cursory observation of these fish z_,rrg mous steelhead runs did or did no: e-- 1994 revealed That successfu ec ouco Spencer Creek historically. Th ea occurred in this population and ever though Vhe current population of a migra~cr., Clover Creek did not connect w:-7- Szoencer reo-band/rainbow trout 'oopula'io-, r- e Creek in that year. The fish in the3 pond triat there is suitable habitat for se c appeared relatively healthy, whereas tne fish The egg taking station on Shovei C'ee- .4 8 in the creek, fed entirely by seepage through kilometers below Oregon Boarder) -_cc-'ed 7 18 95 Appendix 7-3 Spencer Creek Watershed Analysis

in 1892 '...an early run of large silvery fish Wildlife and the Cajifornia Department of and a later run of short, colorful fish.' Fish and Game adopted the Kiamath River (California State Board of Fish Commission Trout Management Policy between Keno 1892). This statement is open to specula- and Copco reservoirs (J. Fortune pers. tion but no conclusions except that there comm. 1994). The influence of were apparently two runs of salmonid fish; non-indigenous trout on native populations one of them was likely anadromous steel- is believed to be negative (Moyle 1976) head. The present middle Kiamath River assuming that the introduced fsh become (below Klamath Fails) redbanC rainbow trout self propagaties ct Interbreed with native popuiation appears to have Its dosest trout. However, evidence suggests that affinities with the coastal form of redband/ non-indigenous ranbow trout did not survive rainbow trout and not to the redband trout of to become self propagating in ime Klamath the upper Klamath basin (Ben~e River or Klamath Lake (D. Buchanan pers. 1979;1992). However, this d'sanction does comm. 1994). Oregon Depart-ment of little to explain past anadromy :n the Kla- Wildlife researcre-s exposed hatchery fish math River (Logan and Markle 1993b) as of several origins o water in the Klamath both resident and landlocked forms have River and found teat many fisb died when anadromous ancestors (Moyle 1976). they became infected with Ce.,atomyxa Elsewhere in the basin steelhead may have shasta, a parasite, that native 'rout have reached the Link River Fails and Chinook high resistance to in the Kamrath basin . salmon reached as far as Bly on the The fish that d d not succumb to the parasite Sprague River and Chiloquin on the died due to an apparent lack of adaptation to Williamson (J. Fortune pers. comm. 1994). water quality conditons (high alkalinity and temperature) of tne Klamart- Rlver (D. The possibility that s=ceye salmon Buchanan pers. comm. 1994). The influence spawned in the Klamath basin was enter- of natchery fish on stream res dent redband, tained by Fry (1973). He states that sock- rainbow trout populations in the Spencer eye salmon usually ascend rivers from Creek watershed is uncertain. Hatchery which it is possible to reach a lake. He then trout in Spence, Creek may not be exposed explains, 'Before the construction of Copco to the harsh conctions and dcseases Dam in 1917, salmon could reach Klamath present in the Kiamath River and therefore Lake via the Klamath River and the river have a better chance to establish self system may have supported a sockeye run." perpetuating populations. Th s would allow One could speculate that Buck Lake could them to interbreed with and or compete with have once been provided sutab e sockeye indigenous troi.. salmon rearing habitat before rrrajor eutrophication occurred in that lake. Since Eastern brook trout. Ease- brook trout 1917 only one sockeye salmon has been were probably .. troduced t-to the Spencer reported in the Klamath River. The Klamath Creek watershed in the 1930s (J. Fortune River is considered the southern extent of pers. comm. 1994) in an attempt to increase the range of this species (Jordan 1905). the range of trout fishing opportunities. In There is no compelling evidence to suggest the headwater regions of Spencer Creek, that either sockeye salmon or coho salmon brook trout occur in Tunnel Creek and ever spawned in Spencer Creek. presumably in the cold water springs of Buck Lake (Rcger Smith pers. comm. 1994). Hatchery rainbow trout. Hatchery rain- In the broad surv'eys conducted by King et bow trout were introduced th'cughout the al., (1977) brCc trout were reported to be streams and lakes of the Kamath basin abundant in i -=ers Creek with a few occur- since the 1920s (Buchanan et al. 1991). ring just belcw Buck Lake. Based on Rainbow trout were probably first introduced personal otse-. atons, brcck trout probably to Spencer Creek and the Kenc reach of the occur througc...t Spencer Creek at times Klamath at this time as well J Fortune pers. and year-rcu-: .ir the pere--.al reach of comm. 1994). The practice c' stocking Miners Creek a-c7in the Sacs Lake Springs hatchery fish in the Klamath RAver (including including T.-,,ne, Creek. EBcck trout were Spencer Creek) was discon:tned in 1977 also observed n Aspen Lake (a small alpine after the Oregon Department of Fish and lake in the Mzn__n ain Lakes Wilderness), at the headwaters of Clover Creek, and in the

Appendix 7-4 7,i 18,195 perennial portion of Clover Creek (Hayes Speckled Dace. Speckled dace are the 1995). These fish are periodically stocked most widely distributed native fish in the via helicopter by Oregon Department of Fish basin (Logan and Markle 1993). They occur and Wildlife. throughout Spencer Creek watershed wherever there is perennial water, and Brook trout do best in cold water (50 to 66 probably occur in most of the intermittent degrees Fahrenheit) but can tolerate high streams as well Speckled dace are tolerant water temperatures of up to 79 degrees of extremely high water temperatures a- i Fahrenheit (Movie 1976). This helps explain low flows (Moyle 1976). They were fcu-- their apparent dominance in the fish assem- pools of intermittent streams even in lale blage in Miners Creek where incidental summer (A. Hamilton pers. obs., King e: al temperature data and estimated shading 1977). In Spencer Creek, they are corr- values indicate water stays relatively cool monly associated with schools of juvent'e compared to Spencer Creek (King et al. Kiarath smallscale suckers and small 1977, Winema National Forest Flles 1992). chubs. Based on general life history characteristics for brook trout (Moyle 1976), it is reasonable Large populations of speckled dace w- re to assume that brook trout spawn on the food and space is limited may limit trouL west side of Buck Lake where upwelling production. However, their habitat prefz- springs have created suitable spawning ence of shallow water for food and cover beds and water temperature is a constant 41 result in food utilization largely unava~lalc1e degrees Fahrenheit. to trout (Moyle 1976).

Minnows Chub. Blue and Tui Chub are native to The upper Kiamath River basin and are abun- Fathead minnow. Fathead minnows were dant in J. C. Boyle Reservoir so their first observed in Spencer Creek in 1974 presence in Spencer Creek is not surpris ng (Andreasen 1975). This is incidentally the Of Interest is the lack of documented first reported occupancy of this species in occurrences of these fish prior to 1993 This Oregon. Presumably, they were illegally may be due to incomplete sampling and introduced as bait fish by fisherman (J. chance, but this seems unlikely bases or Fortune pers. comm. 1994). There is tne high numbers observed in the summrr concern among fisheries managers and of 1994. Chub were observed at the rmctn scientists, especially in the Klamath basin of Spencer Creek and at the Buck Lake and central California, concerning fathead ouf''sw canal a-d elsewhere in Buck Lake minnow competition with native ash (Moyle (A. Hamilton pers. obs., Hayes 1995) One 1976, Logan and Markle 1993) and more explanation for the lack of documermec recently as predators of fish and amphibian cccupancy coutd be that conditions na. e larvae (Dunsmoor 1993, M. Hayes pers. recently changed and are now more facr- comm. 1994). Fathead minnows are unique able to these species. The proximity of J C. in their ability to survive in a variety of Boyle Reservoir has provided easy access extreme environmental conditions including to Spencer Creek since 1958; therefore. it extremes in alkalinity, low dissolved oxygen, seems unlikely that their current presence is organic pollution, turbidity, and temperature the result of recent transplants. Like the (Moyle 1976). Fathead minnows have been minncws in Spencer Creek, blue anc :ui observed in large schools at the mouth of chub are tolerant of high temperatures hrgh Spencer Creek in 1991 (J. Fcltune pers. aika.-a!ty, and low dissolved oxygen con;cen- comm. 1994) and in low numbers just below trations. Both species are faring well in tne Buck Lake in 1992 (Klamath Basin Adiudica- lakes and reservoirs of the Klamath b-s n tion, unpublished notes 1992). Based on (M. B.ettrner pers. comm. 1994) and i :- their life history characteristics it is sus- ably provide a major food source for me

pected that they occur in the canals at Buck rednban: ra rbsw :out fry the Boyle 7e-:- of Lake ard possibly in the perennial pools of tre Kiarnath Rver 'Moi.e 1976). streams feeding into Spencer Creek.

7'18,95 Appendix 7-5 Spencer Creek Watershed Analysis Lamprey species, also parasrmc, is known in Spencer Creek and throughout most tributaries of the Three species of lamprey occur in Spencer Upper Klamath Lake (Logan and Markle Creek; Pit-Kamath brook lamprey 1993). In Upper Klamath Lake, Pacific (Lampetra lethophaga), Pactfic lamprey (L. lamprey metamorphose in the fall, and feed tridentata), and Klarnath River lamprey (L and migrate downstream to the lake in the similis). These species have been identified Spring. They live in Upper Klamath Lake for dur ng va ;cus surveys, however, no attempt 12 to 15 monrts before ascending tributaries has been maze to extensively survey for to spawn. The ;fe history of Pacific lam- lampreys in the Spencer Creek watershed. preys in Spencer GreeK is assumec to oe Redbandirainbow trout in the 12 to 20 inch similar to that in Upper Klamath Lake. range (likely migratory) were observed in the mid 1980s migrating downstream near the Pit-Klamath Brook Lamprey. The distribu- mouth of Mners Creek in May (Chris Sokel tion of this species is restricted to the Pit pers. comm. 1994). King et al. (1977) River system in northern California and the reported observing numerous brook trout in upper Klamath basin in Oregon (Moyle Miners Creek, but did not specify whether 1976). They a-e ameocetes for at least four redbandrainbow were present. In the years (Moyle 1976), metamorphose in the summer of 1994 the perennial reach of fall, and are non parasitic non-feeders as Miners Creek was surveyed visually and adults. Hubbs (1971) describes the principal only brook trout were observed. habitat for the species as cool, clear streams or springs wrt sandy-muddy bottoms or Lamprey spend the first four to seven years edges. of their life as larvae (ammeocets) that live In stream sediments and finter feed. Lam- Catfish preys then metamorphose as they migrate downstream to lakes or oceans to become Brown bullhead. Brown bullheads were adults. The adult stage can last from 6 to 18 transplanted from Upper Klamath Lake in months and is typically spent in oceans, the late 1950s ;nto Buck Lake (Hayes 1994). lakes, and rvers, and depending on the They occur in portions of mainstem Spen- species is either parasitic or non parasitic on cer Creek where water is slow and aquatic other fishes. The adults migrate upstream vegetation is present (Winema National to small trbutary streams to spawn. They Forest unpuoikshed notes 1992) and in the build a nest in a gravel-bottomed area, canal system and marshes of Buck Lake, spawn and then die. Adult parasitic lam- Bullhead were observed consistent.y preys feed on blood and body fluids of host coincident wrte spcoed frogs at Buck Lake, fish by attaching with suction-cup mouth and probably beca.;se of a habitat preference by rasping a hole with its muscular toothed both species for dense aquatic vegetation tongue. and warm water (M. Hayes pers. comm. 1994). Brown oullheads are omnivorous Klamath River Lamprey. A specimen of bottom feeders that tend to consume a this species was collected in Spencer Creek variety of organic matter (Moyle 1976). In in May 1991 (Logan and Markle 1993) and this watershed, they may be of concern to was an apparent transforming downstream the spotted frog population and possibly to migrant. Nothing is offered in the literature endemic moll-ss. Because of their opportu- on the life h-istory of this species except tha: nistic feeding harts and their close associa- it is parasit c and appears to be closely tion with the t-eed.ng sites of spotted frogs related systematically and ecologically to the (aquatic vege'a"on), it is assumed that they landlocked form of the Pacific lamprey. This would readily feed on the egg masses of the species is distributed in both upper Klamatn spotted frog (X1. Hayes pers. comm. 1994). Lake and in the lower Karnath River. Suckers Pacific Lamprey. This is the most widely distributed lamprey in this genus and is Klamath Smallscale Sucker. Klamath anadromous and parasitic in all major smallscale swcers are na:ve to the Trinity Pacific rivers from Baja California to AJaska. system, the P.Rgue system, and the Klamath The dwarfed, landlocked version of this River below Kamrath Falls. The life history Appendix 7-6 7rt8,95 and ecology of this species is similar to prey on benthic Invertebrates. They occupy other Kiamath Basin suckers in that they a wide variety of habrtats from fast riffles to migrate up streams to spawn and rear. slow pools with muddy bottoms and are Kamath smallscale suckers have slightly adapted to harsh environmental conditions slower growth rates and are less lake such as high temperatures and high alkalin- dependent than other Kiamath Basin ity (Moyle 1976). Marbled sculpins are one suckers (Moyle 1976, Buettner and of the three native species shared by both Scopettone 1990) Klamath smallscale upper basin an! :.'.e K-.. mciiusc in the Scencer Spencer Creek. The constructed lakes Creek watersr-_e are oDanned for 1995 below Klamath Falls have increased the amount of sufable habitat for the three native upper tasin sucker species. ThJis has probably extended their distributions and abundance downstream of Klamath Falls (Moyle 1976, Buettner and Scoppettone 1990). They are fairly abundant in J. C. Boyle Reservoir (M. Buettner pers. comm. 1994). The argument that Spencer Creek does not provide good spawning habitat for these suckers is fairly strong. None were reported during Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife trapping efforts from 1989 to 1992 (J. Fortune pers. comm. 1994). Sculpins

Marbled Sculpin. Marbled sculpins are nati,.e to the Klamath and Pit River drain, ages and probably occur in most of the perenrnai flowing stream waters of the Spencer Creek watershed. In general, stream dwelling sculpins like the marbled scu;pin are bottom oriented feeders that

7 1895 Appendix 7-7 ~0nt Table 7-1. Influences of Timber Harvest and Riparian Area Grazing on the Aquatic Environment in the Spencer Creek lb Watershed. Changes in the physical/chemical environment, potential changes in aquatic habitat quality, and predicted x. response of the biological community are listed for each management practice (See text for full discussion)

Potential change in the Management physical and chemical Potential change in quality Potential response of the aquatic Present Risk Practice aquatic environment of aquatic habitat biological communities to Resource Location

t. - ed*1- i(i3.il *nt .olir radialisor InIfVI II 1,3. 1 lrlvtll. hi3tulh'cor3 lcrflrctnions of hutraci'rI.n-d njj ( dissolvedJ nutrients. Lower .. _ i riv0irii f .uir In9 d.;olvedI oxygrin, ower ( oricentrations inl .rs-lsi yr owttl r:,t,,Is o fish, rinci ies.. S encw of nllglltti ilnlu ( 1!3lve(;IVeOxyyg *r !.IISC pti u1Rlity1d lisose, allered conipeti Crlbl live advantage to favor temperature tolerdnt <.0i'glher ternper~iln Ces species, herbivorous and omnivorous fish are favored

Decre.iSi'( soliply of laige wuod, Redunt"cvt'r d ,crewsd pool hfabitat Irncrea.ed predatl vulnerability; lower Ht~h/ All perennial debris / winter survia, 1V trout, lower prodietiori of streams Reduced retention of gravel (spawning and juvenie o educed aquatic species excluding N,,/ aquatic inspif halslalt) redluced flow attenuation diversity, omnivorous and herbivorous fish isolated capabll yit reduced habitat complexity; decrease are favored, decrease in Pacific giant segments and In quiity of Ii e*dinq siles (LWD) for Pacific sal, iinander population Miners Creek Illanlt !..1.1r 1.lull

I rtoi.si(3 (I t V , Ink Lore, of tro~ im ~jA'3k veSjl ttitvii cover, Inctreased tiis r al voIlII *riIfltity to [pred.ltioii ilifirnow Clear I ,reas chanienl WiV, Ihi reAed charifill feIpthli Sit (Io , IV(irvefrVl trout assoctlrad \/!V. with strearns

t)ocririisid iti((lily to tr1/1'rne Increariseid fiire sedirrilZl in gr aviii beuds Chimb Ori(i hr owii'iijIlhtad favored,I i duced Varies wltht. sed(lilrnits before r(N.)Jfing St iivilII r)1's arnd emtergent trout fry, slope arid strtediris alted n r'(coiiivertel)rate comrnirunities levap harvest j

Dl cri'I. iply of particulate ROdCUced av. ol.rhiliy 501IuIfrients Io primary R rldiced prodli tt ior tpquatic Insects, No?\pplicable orl.lr¶(ri, ,Itt1 ii uller fisfit1'1 poJ3i t I ,

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7 18 95 Appen -!Xj - Spencer Creek Watershed Analysis

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Appendix 7- 10 7 18 95 Appendix 8 Coordinated Resource Management Plan Information

7 18,95 Spencer Creek Watershed Analysis

Appendix 8-2 7,18 95 5. Livestock losses (mortality) on roads from CRMP Information vehicles, and hazards to motorists from livestock on main roads This appendix contains the current manage- a. High speed traffic on paved roads ment objectives for each major land owner b. Livestock crossing unfenced roads or taken from the existing Spencer Creek traveling down roads Coordinatec Resource Management Plan RCMP) '.._ of the impetus for the WiP-n the actual 'Resource Manage"nent ,ct ^ ' the CRMP was to reCioncile System' section of the CRMP, there are the impacts of grazing in the area, both on various management objectives, recommen- public and private lands, with the other dations and project proposals. Except for values and fises of the watershed area. the Watershed and Stream Aquatic Re- sources sections below, only CRMP Grazing Information/ livestock-specific information is listed in this Objectives appendix; management objectives, recom- mendations and project proposals for other resources can be found an the CRMP. All The ' il: .-s the only jointly agreed on information included in this appendix is objective frund in the CRMP that is purely taken verbatim from the CRMP. livestock g-azirg oriented. Other objectives or.ented tow-,ards wildlife, timber, recreation, etc Watershed

To mainta.n and'or improve livestock WEYCO section 19 (Stream reach 3) near grazing at levels co aa bvTh otaing the mouth of Spencer Creek has excessive otner relate-d resources." livestock concentrations and needs fenced. Rancher and WEYCO will evaluate alterna- The foilow.%r is the 'Livestock Grazing and tives for dealing with this problem (1994). Forage Proc-ction" portion of the CRMP's Buck Lake will be cross fenced by rancher Problem Last and Possible Causes: (I 994-98) wiich will ala restoration of natural cover on canals. About 1'4 mile of 1 Overgraz ng by livestock in a few areas, USFS will be fenced for temporary livestock amd non-use or very light use in exclusion at Spencer Creek exit from Buck v~aer short area Lake. Tunnel Creek BLM (north of road) a La-< of cross fences for control of wii be fenced and managed as a separate e,-s-.k pasture - BLM, Rancher. b S-^ naze of stock watering sources ou: o_st-eams Stream Aquatic Resources 2. Lack c' a .enative watering sites (out of st eam) for livestock Banks and Corridor Vegetation a Geo'ogy and topography limits Grazing: Existing riparian livestock exclo- sc _-ces sores will be maintained to allow full b Lack of funds limits development of vegetative development without grazing in ava able sources critical locations. The g-azing system for c Waite- right requirements livestock will focus on maintaining or improv- 3 Lcover -han optimum forage harvest levels ing riparian cover and ecological condition. c, Buck Lake pastures a Irriga! con program (schedule and Riparian exclosure fences planned on amount of water applied) WEYCO (? 1995-6) by rancher, WEYCO: b Pas _ e grazing program (schedule a. Spencer Creek. Reach 3 below an: .agree of use) Simmers Place e N.- e-t (fertilizer) program b. Clo'ver Creek a, Dead Porcupine

- Lutes::o< drft out of grazing ailotments Spr ng a La -I ^' fenced boundaries c Lc,,.er Clover C'eek at Gcshawk L La:., of natural carriers along bound- Spring (with cnuside stock water a, es de; elopment).

7 18 95 Appendix 8-3 Spencer Creek Watershed Analysis Riparian exclosure fence is planned by FS soil, and 3) cold temperatures which at mouth of Buck Lake (1995) for temporary retard forage growth. livestock exclusion to allow for full growth of aspen and herbaceous cover adjacent to 3. Degree of Use for Key Species: creek. This will build stream base level by Grazing use standards (percent of improving filtering of sediment from creek. current annual growth) for key species will be: Livestock Grazing Uplands (50%-FS, BLM) 1. Planned Grazing System: The present Idaho Fescue grazing system (see Grazing system Brome chart and allotment map in CRMP Bluegrass appendix) will continue until the FS- Ross Sedge BLO Watershed Analysis s Western Needlegrass completed. Meadows: (60%-FS,50%-BLM) A. Buck Mountain Allotment - rested Tufted Hairgrass (non-use) for the present. future use Kentucky Bluegrass is uncertain. Sedge Reed Canarygrass B. Grubb Spring Allotment - no cross fencing; distribution is accomplished Use standards will be the target for average by nding, to the extent possible; a degree of use for each pasture in the single cross fence along Clover Creek primary (key) use areas. FS will monitor use Road from USFS to Krsico subudvision on key areas each year during the grazing is proposed by rancher to allow a season to judge move dates. B-M i',!! do seasonal rotation and improve utilization survey (map) on both allotments n management. fall, 1994, and in one more year in the near future (2 out of next 5 years). C. USFS - no existing cross fencing; distribution is accomplished by riding, 4. Forage Quality,/Supplemental Feeding to the extend possible; a two herd, no supplemental feeding except late seven pasture rotation is proposed in in season at Buck Lake, as needed the 1993 FS range analysis; a before shipping (because of early second alternative is to merge the snow). Buck Lake a~lotrment with one of the proposed FS rotations. Final decision 5. Forage Inventories. None planned of these proposals will wait until the Watershed Analysis is complete 6. Stocking Rates No change needed or (1995). planned from historic rates. System for D. Buck Lake BLM Allotment - this Within the 'Resource Mgt. pasture has no rotation or changes in Irrigated and Sub-irrigated pasture (i.e. Buck seasonal use. It is proposed that tnis Lake private) is the following section. pasture be grouped with one of the proposed FS rotations (probably the 1. Pasture Seeding.,Planting: Abo!ut 15 Burton Butte herd) to allow for acres in Dust Bowl pasture aver improved management of the forage fencing is completed; test pia-tirgs of resources (see 'C' above). shrubs trees on ditch banks may Le considered after fencing is ccmpie: a 2 Range Readiness Criteria: Turnout on FS BLM,`Weyco will be adlusted (as 2. Fertilization Ncne planned or be og necessary) from target dates based ccnsice'ed (may not be ecn .m on the following factors which affect w:thout testing to verify). the forage supply or soil resource: 1) snow cover, 2) excessively we,

Appendix 8-4 7'18 95 3 Irrigation Systemn:Will be improved over 10. Conversion of Other Land to Irrigated next 5-6 years (1994-99); SOS will do Pasture: None planned. a system analysis and engineering design for improving turnouts, water control structures, crossings (Sum- Current Grazing/Livestock -e, 1994) Irrigation Water Management Objectives :;e m-er' .1Oi t-e practiced

-rzugn a wazer spreading system T- s section will ccver the ci-rent qaz:in.r casea on available water from springs re a~ec, management ob~ec:',.ves for each anal stream runoff ma, or land owner. This is included because thle (ey question. in part. aSKS '..how -Drainage None planned - excessive uti za~tocn levels Compare to- target levels in c-a 72age from previous ditching is a,7.,::rent and/or :and mana-ement plans parr of the current problem. arna .n the CRMP ..'. The Spencer Creek Cco:~-4nated Resource kMa-agernent Pian 5 Stockwater Development: None - i~ORYP) is bas :0-,ly a s_-7-arized version A~epuate water from ditch system cl s_-me of the USFS, ELY. and WEYCO ,bet.esor co-'cerns e.):-essed during the 6 Planned Grazing System. To be CP1YP process as well, as some of the ce',~eloped About I0 miles of Pr.-a:,elandoy.nelrs. fencing is planned (both electric and :-ad~tional) with design suitable for Bureau of Land Management use on lakebed conditions and deep srow A system of rotation Tne BLM's Klamath Falls Resource Area lice practiced as fencing is Resource Management Plan/EIS (BLM installed (1995-99j. I994A ~,as varying max~.num allowable use sla-ca~ds for c:'az ng on ELM lands (see 7 Criteria for Judging Safe Degree of Taces 8-1 and 8-2) Use: 2-3 inch minimum stubble on cor eferred forage species during growing season.

8 Noxious and Poisonous Plant Control Nc needs or concerns.

9 Wildlife Habitat See Wildlife Section in OI'R %IP.

Table 8-1. Utilization Standards - Upland Areas

Plant Category Spring Summer Fall Season-long

Fe-_- a' cBasses 50% 5C0_ 60%, 50%1' & c -a s s k e Pe' e - a & 50% 5% 60% 50%

~~:s no. ~30% 50%, 50% 45%

::; sas a--, fcrts No annua s a-e ex:2=c,.,0 to te <-3y sce: es

7 18 95 71895 po-eindix ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~A 8 -5 Spencer Creek Watershed Analysis Table 8-2. Utilization Standards in Riparian- Wetland Areas

Proper Functional - At Risk Functioning Condition or Non-tunctioning

Herbaceous Woody Herbaceous Woody

n;arian Areas with Management 50%10 50% 0-40 0-3'0

Riparian Areas .ithout Marna-ment 40°o 30 0-3Kc 0-25%o

(The BLM's Rioarian Condition rating is discussed in Chapter 4

Weyerhaeuser Company U.S. Forest Service

The Weyera2euser Company has a list of Within the "Range' sechon of the 1993 Gtazing Guzce-ines' that are attacned to the Winerna Forest Pan. the ut,)zat~on objec- grazing leases 'or Lester HInton and Charley tives are de.^nec - _-aes scecTf~c to Livestock Cr-nv Amona other guide- "Suitable Range (exce-t R caran)" and for tines within the Hinton lease, are tne 'R,,arnar, Forage U i'!zatc--. See Tat' es following objectives: 8-3 and 8-4

"Optimum Ripanian forage use is defined as uniform cropp ng of 40% of availabie forage rn nonrest pastures.'

'Livestock w:: oe initiaily distnbwted throughout the lease areas so as to avoid any heavy concentratq '

"Uniform use of vegetaton w " ce th7e key measure of s-ccessful grazing.'

-Spencer Creek riparian area will be protected through CRMP actions and herd control by riding."

AXong with other grazing related gtuidelines, within the COarley Livestock Weyerhaeuser lease is the foUiowing utilization obtective:

Optimum '_--age use is defined as uniform cropping of 60°o of avazlaiDe forage '

Appendix 8-6 7 18 95 Table 8-3. Suitable Range (Except Riparian) Allowable Use of Available Forage'

Maximum Annual Utilization %2 Forest Grassland Shrublands

Range Resource Management Sat. Unsat. Sat. Unsat. Sat. Unsat. Level Cond. Cond. Cond. Cond. Cond. Cond.

Lvestock use managed w;thin current 40 0-30 50 0-30 40 0-25 graz.ing capacity by rnding. herding, and za~:ing a-d cost effect;e mprovements sed on!.y to maintain sleeiardship of range

_ ;vstCoc managed to ac- eve full utlization 45 0-35 - 0-35 45 0-30 -' aI~ccaed forage Management systems -esggned to obla~n Qistr -. ',on and :o ma ntan 'a7, vigor include fencing and water deve opment

L!vestoc< managed to op-,mize forage production 50 0-40 60 40 50 0-35 and utdlzat~on. Cost-effe-ive culture practices .mprovirg supply forage _se, and h!vestock d4stribution may be comrn>ed w!th fencirrr An(d ,:aer development to implement complex grazing systems

T-.s Nv ce incorpcrated 'n a ope-a:rg plars a-zaiitnrre- -a-ag-e Sr . g:- - p'-,na eme lanagementn plans n-a1 rc ze _.-- :- s:a-sarzs Arnich are either icAe- or rare, =.grher %-elassociate,' A t- Irte-s..e graz.- s.s-S ard soecific vegetatcr manaze-e- vlezr.ves n-,at will meet resoc - e object.xes Includes cumulative a-nua! use ty tcg ga-e -- .'.estock

2 Utriza!Cn bassd on percer! e-oved by *eight fzr grass, grass. ke, arnd f-rbs

7 18 95 Appendix 8-7 Spencer Creek Watershed Analysis Table 8-4. Riparian Forage Utilization Allowable Use of Available Forage'

Maximum Annual Utilization %' Grass,'Grasslike2 Shrubs'

Range Resource Management Sat. Unsat. Sat. Unsat. Level Cond. Cond. Cond. Cond.

LUvestock use managed within current grazing capacity by rdJing. herding, and salting and cost effective irprovements used ^n y to mainta n stewardship of rance 40 0-30 30 0-25

LUves ock managed to achieve ful1 utilization of allocated 45 0-35 40 0-30 forace Management systems des gned to obtain distribuLon and to maintain plan vigor include fencing and water ceve ,pment

Lves ock managed to optimize forage production and 50 0-40 50 0-35 ut..zation Cost-effective cu ure practices improving supply fo'age use. and livestock distribution may be combined w.th fenc ng and water development to implement complex grazing systems

T~ls A 1Ibe ir-crporated in arrual apefating plans and allotment rnara --e pfa-s Allotment rra-acernent plans-a-, .m- _e t;itzatcn s acda 's ,h~cn a e e-tie, ic&e, ^r rare ia rgh)er when associated * -'- .e g9az -g systerns ano specific v.ege:a- cn -. a-a:e-ent ocjec:;ves tta! %ill rmeet -siouroe oceoi.es Includes curnulative arrta, _se ry bSg game and IrestOcK

un) -at or casee -n perzert -e---.ed cy welght

a'zen base, or )rcoe-ce a' use A=2eg-t and or twig length Exa-: e ' 5r feaders out of 100 a-e browsed ut' ' a!oa s -. e cent

Appendix 8-8 7 18 95 United States Forest Klamath Ranger District Department of Service 1936 California Avenue Agriculture Klamath Falls, OR 97601

File Code: 1950-

Date: July 25, 1997

Dear Friends:

I wrote to you in June of this year concerning a proposal to salvage approximately 10 acres of white fir forest that had blown down west of Buck Lake in the Spencer Creek watershed (T38S, R5E, Section 11 SWSW). Based on our analysis and the comments already received, I am now ready to authorize the removal and sale of approximately 300 thousand board feet of timber.

I plan to sign a Decision Memo on August 29 so we may proceed with our proposal, unless major concerns or issues are raised between now and then. If you would like further information, please contact Sarah Malaby at 541-885-3421. Thank you for your participation in this project.

Sincerely,'

ROBE T W. SHULL District Ranger

*Comments received in response to this solicitation, including names and addresses of those who comment, will be considered part of the public record on this proposed action and will be available for public inspection; Comments submitted anonymously will be accepted and considered; however, those who only submit anonymous comments will not have standing to appeal the subsequent decision under 36 CPR Part 215. Additionally, pursuant to 7 CFR 1.27(d), any person may request the agency to withhold a submission from the public record by showing how the Freedom of Information Act (FGIA) permits such confidentiality. Persons requesting such confidentiality should be aware that, under the FOIA, confidentiality may be granted in only very limited circumstances, such as to protect trade secrets. The Forest Service will inform the requester of the agency's decision regarding the request for confidentiality, and where the =equest is denied, the agency will return the submission and notify the request'er that the Comments may be resubmitted with or without name and address within 10 days.