The Butte R o uge housing estate DOCOMOMO fil e

Ill. 1 . Rue Alber t Thomas with the S ignal Tower ( first phase 1931 – 33 ) . Photo by Barbara Gutglas , May 2014

DoCoMoMo international file ______1. IDENTIT Y OF THE BUILDING OR GROUP OF BUILDINGS Common name of the buildings : The Butte Rouge Current name : The Butte Rouge Garden City Street name and number : 287 – 355 avenue de la Division Leclerc (D986) , as well as the following streets: Eugène Varlin , Général Duval, Jean Allemane, Edouard Vaillant, Charles Longuet, Paul Lafargue, Benoît Malon, Eugene Pottier ( all leaders and fighters in the Paris C ommune) , Francis de Pressensé, Marie Bonnevial, Albert Thomas, Pierre Renaudel, Emile Durkheim, François Si miand, Lucien Herr, Robert Hertz, place Leon Blum, avenue des frères Montgolfier , avenue Saint Exupéry , etc. Municipality : Châtenay - Malabry P ost code : 92290 Country : France

CURRENT OWNER N ame : Hauts - de - Bièvre Habitat , a cooperative social - housing company founded in 2018 that own s properties in Antony and Châtenay - Malabry. Previously, the Butte Rouge belonged to Hauts - de - Seine Habitat. Ad d ress : 8 avenue Léon Harmel , 92160 Antony T e l e phone : +33 ( 0 ) 805 02 54 28

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LEGAL PROTECTION, IF ANY Type : Listed as “ Patrimoine du XXe ” (Heritage of the 20th century), which has since become “Notable Architecture” under legislation passed on 7 July 2016 . Date : 2008

ORGANI ZATION RESPONS I BLE FOR PROTECTION N a m e : D irection Régionale des Affaires Culturelles d’Ile - de - France (Regional Directorate of Cultural Affai r s in the Île - de - France) ; Unité départementale de l’architecture et du patrimoine des Hauts - de - Seine (Departmental Unit of Architecture and Heritage of the H auts - de - Seine , aka UDAP 92 ) A d dress : 45 – 49 r ue Le Peletier , 75009 Paris; Domaine National de Saint Cloud , 92210 Saint Cloud T e l e phone : +33 1 56 06 50 00; +33 1 46 02 03 96

2. HISTOR Y OF THE SITE The commission : A historic model of humanistic social urbanism , the garden city at Châtenay - Malabry was built thanks to the impetus of Henri Sellier, director of the Office Publique des Habitations à Bon Marché de la Seine (the Public Office for Affordable Housing of the Seine Département , or Seine OPHBM) , wh o was also a member of France’s short - lived Popular Front government . The Butte Rouge is one of 15 or so garden cities built by the Seine OPHBM all around the outskirts of Paris to house working population s . Inspir ed by the garden - city theories promot ed by Ebenezer Howard in early - 20th - century England , the Seine OPHBM’s initiatives were a response to the shortage and insalubrit y of affordable housing in the Paris region . The land at Châtenay - Malabry was acquired , along with that at Le Plessis - Robinson , as of 1918, and earmarked in 1919 for the “Greater Paris Garden Cities” project that resulted from a design competition for the extension of the French capital. A t Ch â tenay - Malabry, the garden city was designed and built by a team of architects — Joseph Bassompierre, Paul de Rutté and André Arfvidson , later replaced by Paul Sirvin — and a landscape architect , André Riousse. C onstruction was undertaken in seven phases from 1931 to 1965.

Ill. 2 r ue du Général Duval ( second phase, 1935 – 39 ) Ill. 3 p lace François Simiand ( first phase, 1933 – 35 ) Photo Barbara Gutglas , May 2014 Photo Barbara Gutglas , May 2014

The Butte Rouge comprises 3 , 900 dwellings set in 70 hectares of green open space .

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Ill. 4. Google Earth aerial view , screenshot, June 2020

Ill. 5. C hronological map of construction, Ap ril 2019

The first and second phases, built before World War II between 1931 and 1940, comprise 1 , 543 dwellings ( source IAURIF) essentially contained in buildings of traditional height — three or four storeys — lined up along streets or around squares. The following phases, built in the post - war era between 1949 and 1960, comp rise 2 , 300 dwellings in buildings that include a pilotis - mounted bar known as the h alf m oon ( a rchitect Pierre Sirvin) and the Signal Tower . A utonomous buildings were later constructed along closes located at the woodland’s edge. 3

Ill. 6. Rue R obert Hertz as photographed from the tower by Barbara Gutglas in May 2014

Ill. 7. Allotments in the garden city. Photo Barbara Gutglas , May 2014

As with many garden cities , the urban layout was carefully composed . Two perpendicular axes are superimposed on winding streets which follow the hilly contours of the site , whose steep descent is due to a former water course, the Châtenay brook . This topography guided the planning of the estate . Rectangular p ublic squares and taller buildings punctuate the layout, bringing a certain monumentality to the ensemble, which features numerous collective facilities : crèches, primary schools , a secondary school , gym s , sport s grounds and shops, as well as dispensa ry, a library , a cin e ma, a n auditorium and a swimming pool, whose water w as heated by the Garcher network . Today, some of these 4 facilities have been lost, while others have been converted to different uses, such as the pool , which became a theatre in 1982 . The accommodation provided is 100% social housing of the “ PLAI ” type (i.e. for tenants with extremely limi ted resources), with a majority of small dwellings. André Riousse, the landscape architect, was particularly attentive in his treatment of the site . Not only did h e manage to preserve countless existing trees (150 , of which 16 are remarkable specimens ) , but his handling of the alleys and embankments harmoni z e s perfectly with the buildings, while the squares and the park are generally contrived to give onto the wider landscape . Low dry - stone walls and small pools embellish the ensemble, which includes allotments and pedestrian pathways that bring a bucolic aspect and contribute to the social life of the neighbourhood . The Butte Rouge is a precursor to many of the concerns of today’s “ Grand Paris ” project with its careful insertion into the site, its abu ndant vegetation, its collecting of rainwater and its recycling of household rubbish, which was burned in an incinerator to heat the pool .

Architects : Joseph Bassompierre, Paul de Rutté, Paul Sirvin, André Arfvidson Other members of the design team : André Riousse , landscape architect

CHRONOLOG Y Competition date : The plan for the Butte Rouge garden city came out of the 1919 competition held by the City of Paris and the Prefecture of the Seine for the planning, embellishment and extension of the French capital . The architects Rutté, Sirvin, Payret - Dortail and Bassompierre submitted a project for a garden city of over 100,000 inhabitants on two plots of land acquired by the Seine OPHBM in Le Plessis - Robinson and Ch â tenay - Malabry , and won first prize f or it in Section IV of the competition entitled “ Dans les jardins ” (“In the gardens”). New impetus was given to the project by the Loucheur Law, passed by parliament in 1928, allowing Henri Sellier to commission the architects. Date of the commission : 1925 Design phase : 1925 – 30 Dates of realization : seven phases : 1931 – 33, 1935 – 39, 1948 – 50, 1950 – 52, 1955, 1958 – 60, 1963 – 65 Inauguration : Ju ne 1938 , by Jean Longuet, Ma yor of Châte n a y - Malabry

CURRENT STATE OF THE ENSEMBLE Us e : Housing and related facilities State of the buildings : Good, but in need of restoration due to lack of upkeep. The last time the façades were restored was in 1995. Some of the buildings are beset by problems of damp and noise transmission which need to be rectified . Summary of restorat ion and other work undertaken, with the dates : The garden city was first refurbished in 1984 – 95 , the work being commissioned by the then owner, Hauts - de - Seine Habitat , and carried out by the architectural firm of Louis Sirvin. The primary concerns were to improve insulation and bring the ensemble up to modern standard s : all the original windows were replaced with new double - glazed models, all of the buildings were insulated on the exterior, new bathrooms were installed or old on es renewed ( improved plumbing and wiring, replacement of sanitary equipment ), gas and electric installations were brought up to standard , and the staircases, hallways and entrance doors were all refurbished . The work was largely financed by a PALULOS grant (Prime à l’amélioration des logements à usage locative, which translates as “allowance for the improvement of rental dwellings”) . 5

I n 2015, Hauts - de - Seine Habitat, at that time still the owner of the site , organized a competition for the urban renewal of the Butte Rouge. Three teams were invited to submit proposals, and the main bodies responsible — the OPH, the SEM 92 ( which became Citallios) and the municipality — involved . The three teams — led by GRAAL , S imon Goddard and Claire Schorter — spent over a year working on projects that sought historic and urban continuity with the garden city as first conceived in 1919, but which also took into account the dynamics of the 2010 Greater Paris project . The teams sought to continue the story of the Butte Rouge, to which inhabitants feel a strong attach ment . The team formed by Claire Schorter/ J . Osty /Mageo was proclaimed the winner, but the municipality took no further action .

I n January 2018 , ownership of Ch â tenay - Malabry ’s social housing , including the Butte Rouge, was transferred to the coop e rative Bièvre Habitat, uniting the social - housing stock of Antony and Châtenay - Malabry . A “ protocole de préfiguration” (preliminary memorandum) was signed with the Ag ence nationale de la rénov ation urbaine (National Office for Urban Renovation) on 3 January 2017 . This new project, which ha s the support of the municipality, was submitted to the Commission Régionale du Patrimoine et de l’Architecture d’ Î le de France ( Reg ional Commission for Heritage and Architecture in the Île - de - France, or CRPA) , which examined it on 7 February , 11 July and 8 October 2019 . The Commission’s findings were negative . The project concern s around 3 , 300 social dwellings and propose s the demolition of 85% of the existing housing stock .

Ill.8. Map of the d e molition envisaged by the municipality, dated 2 April 2019

If the project goes ahead, nearly 2 , 800 dwellings will be demolished . While some of the dwellings included in the proj ect, which is co - financed by the A gence nationale de la rénovation urbaine , will have to be rebuilt, the municipality has provided no guarantee with respect to the rest .

6 Following a campaign undertaken by an inhabitants’ collective supported by several organizations — among them Docomomo, Sites et Monuments , France Nature Environnement and the Order of Architects — , a letter dated 14 November 2019 and signed by the Prefect s of the Région Î le - de - France and the D épartement des Hauts de Seine was sent to the mayor of Châtenay - Malabry requesting him to undertake preliminary studies for the listing of the Butte Rouge as a Site Patrimonia l Remarquable ( Outstanding Heritage Site, or SPR). The mayor’s response was to have the board of Hautes - Bièvres Habitat , the new owner of the Butte Rouge, vote for the demolition of 15 buildings . Hautes - Bièvres Habitat has since begun expulsion proceedings with respect to the se buildings .

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3. DOCUMENTATION/ARCHIVES Written archives, correspond e nce , etc. : Municipal Archives of Châtenay - Malabry. Departmental Archives of the Hauts - de - Seine. Direction régionale des affaires culturelles d’ Î le - de - France: file on the listing of the site as 20th - century heritage . 2017 urban - renewal plans for the site: Protocole de préfiguration du projet de renouvellement urbain de la cité - jardin de la Butte - Rouge cofinancé par l’ANRU dans le cadre du NPNRU , 3 J an uary 2017, 40 p ages .

D rawings , photographs , etc . : Louis Sirvin ’s private archives Archives of 20th - century architecture at the Cité de l’architecture et du patrimoine in Paris : f onds Exposition d'architecture française: SADG 1939; fonds Arfvidson, Paul - André: 257 AA

Other sources, films, vid e os, etc .: “ Châtenay - Malabry: la cité - jardin de la Butte rouge, son origine et son evolution” , France 3 Paris Î le - de - France, archives INA, 1986 CHAO Antoine, “ La Butte rouge en danger ” , a report by the radio programme Comme un bruit qui court , France inter, 17 June 2017.

Ex h i bitions Les cités - jardins d’Ile - de - France, une certaine idée du bonheur , MUS - Musée d’Histoire urbaine et sociale de la Ville de Suresnes, curators Marie - Pierre Deguillaume and Emeline Trion, 17 Oc tobe r 2019 to 2 June 2019.

Sans transitions. Regards photographiques sur 5 chefs - d’œuvre architecturaux du XXème siècle , Maison de l’architecture d’ Î le - de - France, c urators Marc Sirvin and Noëmie Maurin - Gaisne, 20 June to 30 S eptembe r 2019.

Main publications ( in chronological order ):

7 BOOKS AND BOOK CHAPTERS BATY - TORNIKIAN Ginette, Un projet urbain idéal typique. Agglomération parisienne 1919 - 1939 , research report , IERAU / Comité de la Recherche et du Développement en en Architecture (CORDA) in execution of the general programme of architectural research undertaken by the Ministère de l’Environnement et du Cadre de Vie with the DGRST since 1972, Contra c t n o. 7773028002027501, 132 p ages .

ROZE, T., “ Les Cités - jardins de la région Île - de - France ” , Cahiers de l’IAURIF , vol. 51, May 1978 [monograp h on the garden city at Châtenay - Malabry, 12 p ages ].

BIGOT, F., La Butte - Rouge 40 ans après. 1. Evolution et perspectives d’aménagement . Institut d’Aménagement et d’Urbanisme de la Région d’Île de France / Ministère de l’Environnement et du Cadre de Vie, 1980 [fascicule 1].

GUYON, F., La Butte - Rouge 40 ans après. 2. Peuplement et vie quoti dienne . Institut d’Aménagement et d’Urbanisme de la Région d’Île de France, 1980.

ROZE, T., La Butte - Rouge 40 ans après. 3. La réhabilitation des logements . Institut d’Aménagement et d’Urbanisme de la Région d’Île de France, 1980.

LORFEUVRE, F., La Butte - Rouge 40 ans après. 4. Espaces extérieurs de la cité jardin , coût d’entretien et perspectives . Institut d’Aménagement et d’Urbanisme de la Région d’Île de France, 1980.

SIRVIN Pierre, “ La réhabilitation de la cité - jardin de Châtenay - Malabry ” , in Les cités - jardins d’Ile - de - France. 60 ans après. Transformation - Réhabilitation , proceedings of a colloquium organi zed by the Direction régionale à l’Architecture et à l’Environnement (DRAE) with the Direction régionale des Affaires culturelles, and the Institu t français d’architecture at the Centre Georges Pompidou, material assembled by Y. Bottineau - Fuchs, July 1985, two vol umes [ an exposé by and discussion with P. Sirvin , p p . 26 – 31 , and a detailed typewritten plan of the exposé].

BATY - TORNIKIAN Ginette and BEDARIDA Marc, Plaisir et intelligence de l’urbain, Institut d’études et de Recherches architecturales et Urbaines (IERAU) / Ministère de l’Environnement et du Cadre de Vie / Direction de l’Architecture / Comité de la Recherche et du Développement en Arch itecture (CORDA), Contra c t n o. 7773028002027501, 1984, 213 p ages .

LEMOINE Bertrand, RIVOIRARD Philippe , L'Architecture des Années 30 , Lyon/Paris, La Manufacture/La Délégation à l'Action artistique de la Ville de Paris, 1987.

BURLEN, Katherine ( ed. ), La b anlieue - oasis. Henri Sellier et les cités - jardins 1900 - 1940 , [ proceedings of a colloquium held on 23 – 25 N ovembe r 1983 in Suresnes], Saint - Denis, Presses universitaires de Vincennes, 1987.

CHEMETOV, P., DUMONT, M. - J., MARREY, B., Paris - Banlieue 1919 - 1939. Architectures domestiques , Paris, Dunod, 1989, p p . 134 – 139 and 148 – 151.

BATY - TORNIKIAN Ginette, CUNY C., HYLTON K., Architecture et social - démocratie. Cités - jardins et le logement social en Europe, Travaux, études, sources, 1979 - 1989 , IPRAUS/BRA, 1989, 1 vol.

BATY - TORNIKIAN Ginette, “ Architecture et social - démocratie. Nature et Culture dans les cités - jardins ” , IPRAUS/EAPB, i n ex e cution of the general programme of research undertaken by the Ministère de l’Equipement, du Logement, des Transports et de la Me r / Direction de l’Architecture / Bureau de la Recherche architecturale, Contra c t n o. 8601318002237501, 1990, 99 p ages [ interviews with residents of the Butte Rouge Garden City ], p p . 70 – 91.

Coll., Le logement social dans les Hauts - de - Seine. Architectures, histoires, tendances , Conseil d'Architecture d'Urbanisme et de l'Environnement des Hauts - de - Seine / Topos, 1995, p p . 32 – 33.

8 COHEN Jean - Louis, “ Cité - jardin La Butte Rouge ” , COHEN Jean - Louis, ELEB Monique, Paris architecture, 1900 - 2000 , Paris, Norma, 2000, p p . 106 – 115.

BATY - TORNIKIAN, G. ( ed. ), Les Cahiers de l’Ipraus. Architecture, urbanistique, société, n o. 2, “ Cités - jardins. Genèse et actualité d’une utopie ” , Editions Recherche/IPRAUS, 2001, 157 p ages .

BLANCHON, B., FERNANDEZ, V., “ Une cité - jardin dans un site vallonné ” , in Coll., 1945 - 1975. Une histoire l’habitat, 40 ensembles patrimoine du XX e siècle , Beaux - Arts Éditions/DRAC Ile - de - France, N ovembe r 2010, special edition , p p . 40 – 41.

Various authors , 1945 - 1975, une histoire de l’habitat. 40 ensembles de logements Patrimoine du XXe siècle , DRAC Ile - de - France / Beaux - Arts Editions, 2010, 96 p ages .

COLL., Les grands ensembles : une architecture du XX e siècle , Paris, Dominique Carré/Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication/Direction générale des Patrimoines, 2011, p. 42.

COLL., “ Les cités - jardins, un idéal à poursuivre ” , IAURIF, Cahier n° 165, 2013.

COHEN Jean - Louis ( ed .), with GROSSMAN Vanessa, La modernité, promesse ou menace ? France, 101 bâtiments 1914 - 2014 , [e xhibition at the French Pavilion at the 14 th Venice Architecture Biennale , 2014] Modernity, promise or menace?: France, 101 buildings 1914 – 2014 , Paris, Dominique Carré, 2014, p. 58.

DIDELON, Jennifer and BLANCHON, Dominique [et al.] / Agence BDAP / in - fol io paysagistes / Ville ouverte urbanistes, Cité - Jardin De La Butte - Rouge, Cité Des Peintres Et Quartier Vaux Germains à Châtenay - Malabry. Etude du patrimoine bâti, urbain et paysager de la cité - jardin de la Butte - rouge , N ovembe r 2015.

Agence MSA+GRAU architectes, BBS paysagistes, “ Masterplan Cité - Jardin de la Butte Rouge ” , 2015 – 16, Office Public des Hauts de Seine + SEM92.

Claire Schorter, Atelier Jacqueline Osty & Associés, Mageo, Plan guide, La Butte - Rouge à Châtenay - Malabry , 2017.

BLANCHON Bernadette, “ L a cité - jardin du Grand Paris (Châtenay - Malabry et Plessis - Robinson) ” , Julie Corteville ( ed .), Les cités - jardins d Î le - de - France, une certaine idée du bonheur , Association régionale des cités - jardins d'Île - de - France et de la Région Île - de - France, Lyon, Ed. Lieux dits, 2018, p p . 132 – 137.

CAUE 92, “ La Butte - Rouge à Châtenay - Malabry ” , coll. « Ressources. L’atelier multimédia », undated , 30 p ages .

GUILLERM Élise , Une cité - jardin moderne. La Butte Rouge à Châtenay - Malabry ( provisional title ), Marseille, Parenthèses, awaiting publication.

SPECIALIZED - JOURNAL ARTICLES SELLIER Henri, “ L ’ extension de Paris au Sud : La cité - jardin du Grand Paris ” , La Vie urbaine , n o. 5, 1920, p p . 63 – 76.

BASSOMPIERRE, J., “ La cité - jardin de Châtenay - Malabry ” , L’Architecture d’aujourd’hui , n o. 8, November 1931, p p . 57 – 58.

BASSOMPIERRE, J., “ La cité - jardin de Châtenay - Malabry ” , Urbanisme , n o. 4, July 1932, p p . 117 – 121.

“ La Cité - jardin de Châtenay - Malabry ” , L'Architecture d'aujourd'hui , n o. 5, 1932, p p . 66 – 69.

“ La Cité - jardin de Châtenay - Malabry. MM. Arfvidson, Bassompierre, De Rutté et Sirvin, Architectes ” , L’Architecture d’aujourd’hui , n o. 5, June 1933, p p . 64 – 69. 9

ROYER Jean, “ La Cité - jardin de Châtenay - Malabry ” , Urbanisme , S eptemb er 1937, n o. 57, p p . 179 – 191.

“ Cité - jardins de Châtenay - Malabry ” , L'Architecture d'aujourd'hui , n o. 2, February 1938, p p . 42 – 44.

“ Cité - jardins de Châtenay - Malabry : quatrième tranche HLM ” , L'Architecture d'aujourd'hui , n o. 57, December 1954, p p . 42 – 43.

NICOLAUD, O., “ Cité - jardins ” , Architecture Mouvement Continuité , n o. 34, 1974.

LAISNEY, François, “ Châtenay - Malabry : quand les HLM étaient roses ” , Architecture Mouvement Continuité , n o. 35, December 1974, p p . 79 – 104.

CASTRO Roland, “ La Butte Rouge de Châtenay - Malabry : variations sur une couleur et un percement ” in Une revue d’habitat , edition entitled “ Architecture et logement social : une longue histoire ” , 1980.

CASTRO Roland, LAISNEY François, “ La Butte Rouge de Ch â tenay - Malabry ” , H. Revue de l'Habitat Social , n o. 7, April 1981, p p . 66 – 69.

WERQUIN Ann - Caroll, DEMANGEON Alain , “ Un heureux moment dans la fabrication du paysage de la banlieue : les cités - jardins ” . Bulletin d’Informations Architecturales , supplement to no. 96, Institut Français d’Architecture, 1985.

LAISNEY, F., “ Les murs roses de la Butte - Rouge ” , Architecture Intérieure - CREE n o. 218 - 219, 1987.

FORTIER, J. - L., “ La cité - jardin de la Butte - rouge ” in Architecture Intérieure - CREE n o. 218, 1987.

MAILLARD, Cécile, “ Les années 30. La Butte - Rouge : une cité - jardin à Châtenay - Malabry ” , Urbanisme , S eptemb er 1992, n o. 256, p p . 64 – 69.

ROLAND Julie, “ La Butte Rouge : du grand Paris social au grand Paris immobilier ” , Chroniques d’Architecture , 21 May 2019, URL: < https://chroniques - architecture.com/butte - rouge - Châtenay>

SIRVIN Marc, “ Tribune : le côté obscur de la Butte ” , L’Architecture d’Aujourd’hui , n o . 431, June 2019, URL: http://www.larchitecturedaujourdhui.fr/tribune - le - cote - obscur - de - la - butte/

ARTICLES IN THE GENERAL PRESS AND PRESS RELEASES

Articles BAUER Camille, “ La Butte rouge face à la speculation” , L’ H umanité , 8 June 2017

VINCENDON Sibylle, “ La Butte - Rouge : aux orties, l’utopie sociale de la cité - jardin ? ” , Libération , 10 July 2018, URL : https://www.liberation.fr/france/2018/07/10/la - butte - rouge - aux - orties - l - utopie - sociale - de - la - cite - jardin_1665602

RIOU Ariane, “ Les cités - jardins, un patrimoine menacé ? ” , Le Parisien , 9 February 2019, URL : < https://www.leparisien.fr/hauts - de - seine - 92/les - cites - jardins - un - patrimoine - menace - 09 - 02 - 2019 - 8007975.php >

10 LENHARDT Marjorie, “ Butte - Rouge à Châtenay : l’historien de renom défen d une cité « exceptionnelle » ” , Le Parisien , 13 March 2019, URL : < https://www.leparisien.fr/haut s - de - seine - 92/butte - rouge - a - chatenay - l - historien - de - renom - defend - une - cite - exceptionnelle - 13 - 03 - 2019 - 8030706.php >

LENHARDT Marjorie, “ Cité - jardin de Châtenay - Malabry : les architectes s’opposent aux démolitions ” , Le Parisien , 4 April 2019, URL : https://www.leparisien.fr/hauts - de - seine - 92/cite - jardin - de - chatenay - malabry - les - architectes - d - ile - de - france - s - opposent - aux - demolitions - 04 - 04 - 2019 - 8046723.php

LENHARDT Marjorie, “ Châtenay - Malabry : seuls 20% de la Butte - Rouge sont sûrs d’être conserves” , Le Parisien, 4 July 2019, URL : < https://www.leparisien.fr/hauts - de - seine - 92/chatenay - malabry - seuls - 20 - de - la - butte - rouge - sont - surs - d - etre - conserves - 04 - 07 - 2019 - 8109495.php >

REGNIER Isabelle, “ A Châtenay - Malabry, le quartier de la Butte - Rouge lutte pour sa survie ” , Le Monde , 3 June 2020, URL : < https://www.lemonde.fr/culture/article/2020/06/03/a - chatenay - malabry - le - quartier - de - la - butte - rouge - lutte - pour - sa - survie_6041588_3246.html >

“ La Butte - Rouge, toujours menacée de destructions ” , Le Mon iteur , 3 June 2020, URL : < https://www.lemoniteur.fr/article/la - butte - rouge - toujours - menacee - de - destructions.2092521 >

Press releases “ Non au démembrement de la cité - jardin de la Butte - Rouge à Châtenay - Malabry ” , document released by a Butte - Rouge residents’ collective , 8 June 2017, URL : < https://appuii.files.wordpres s.com/2017/06/texte - archi - bon.pdf >

“ Non à la démolition de la cité - jardin de la butte - rouge. Oui à un site patrimonial remarquable ” , Collectif Butte - Rouge, 4 February 2018, URL : < http://www.sppef.fr/2019/02/04/non - a - la - demolition - de - la - cite - jardin - de - la - butte - rouge - oui - a - un - site - patrimonial - remarquable/ >

“ Non au démembrement de la Butte - Rouge ” , p etition launched by the Collectif Butte - Rouge, February 2018, URL : < https://www.change.org/p/ministre - de - la - coh%C3%A9si on - des - territoires - non - au - d%C3%A9membrement - de - la - cit%C3%A9 - jardin - de - la - butte - rouge >

“ Appel des architectes : Non à la démolition de la cité - jardin de la Butte Rouge ! ” , 6 Apri l 2019 Sign ed by : Henri Bava de l'agence Ter , Grand Prix de l'urbanisme 2018, Frédéric Bonnet , Grand Prix de l'urbanisme 2014, Patrick Bouchain , Grand Prix de l'urbanisme 2019, Pierre Bouillon Prix de la Première Œuvre 2006 , Joan Busquets, urbanisme Prix spécial du jury 2011, Alexandre Chemetoff Gra nd Prix de l'urbanisme 2000, Jean - Louis Cohen , profess or at the Collège de France, Pierre Gauthier FIMBACTE, catégorie projets innovants, Grand Prix (F) 2011, François Grether Grand prix de l’urbanisme 2012 , Franz Graf, Profess or at the É cole Polytechnique de Lausanne , Pablo Katz , titular member of the Academy of Architecture, Richard Klein, Profess o r at the ENSAPL, Pr e sident of Docomomo France, Christine Leconte , winner of jeunes urbanistes 2010, Florence Lipsky , équerre d'argent 2005, Ariella Masboungi , Grand Prix de l'urbanisme 2016, Studio Muoto, Gilles Delalex et Yves Moreau Equerre d’argent 2O16, Jean - Louis Subileau Grand prix de l’urbanisme 2001, Pierre Veltz, Grand Prix de l ’ urbanisme 2017.

11 4. DESCRIPTION OF THE BUILDINGS The formal diversity of the buildings is one of the project’s main architectural distinctions . Roof terraces, a play of volumes and controlled asymmetry were all typical of the modernist functionalist movement in architecture after World War I. The buildings at the Butte Rouge can be compared to work by architects such as Robert Mallet - Stevens and T ony Garnier in France, but also to the Siedlungen ( housing estates ) de signed by Bruno Taut in Berlin .

The pure geometrical forms, the minimalist decoration, a penchant for rectangular fenestration and rendered volumes are all redolent of a “ Bauhaus ” style .

Ill. 9. Leonard de Vinci secondary school ( fourth phase 1950 – 19 52) . Photo Barbara Gutglas , May 2013

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Ill. 10. Second Signal Tower , place Cyrano de Bergerac ( third phase, 1948 – 50 ) . Photo Barbara Gutglas , May 2019

The stairwells are often placed on the façade in curved or orthogonal glazed volumes, marking the axis of the building . The adaptation of the building s to the terrain, with an approach that is sensitive to both d e tail and the inclusion of greenery, reinfor ces the architectural distinction of the estate .

Ill. 11. The half - moon building (fourth phase, 1950 – 52 ). Photo Barbara Gutglas , October 2019

The half - moon building is strongly inspired by Le Corbusier ’s architectural theories, with ground - floor pilotis and generously wide fenestration .

Up on the plateau, the buildings are organized around closes like the original English garden cities . The heart of each block is planted, contributing to the ambient greenery and to the social life of the estate .

The co vered walkways and the use of curved façades or balconies to soften the corners are among the subtle architectural elements that embellish the ensemble. Variety is everywhere, such as in the articulations between structures , or the hallways with a waiting space which differ from building to building .

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Ill. 12 . Quartier des aviateurs ( third phase, 1948 – Ill. 13. Cité des peintres ( sixth phase, 1958 – 1960) . 1950) . Photo Barbara Gutglas, October 2019 Photo Barbara Gutglas, O ctob er 2019

Ill. 14. The Orthodox Coptic Church of Sainte - Marie - Saint - Marc, formerly Sainte - Monique - de - la - Butte - Rouge, built in 1965 by Pierre Sirvin in the context of the Chantiers du Cardinal . Photo Barbara Gutglas , May 2020

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Ill. 15 Int erior of the first Signal Tower , lift (1931 – 33) Photo Barbara Gutglas , April 2019 Ill. 16. Access walkway , rue Francis de Pressensé (1935 – 39) . Photo Barbara Gutglas , April 2019

Ill. 17 . Rue Lucien Herr, the “ trame verte ” (1931 – 33) . Photo Barbara Gutglas , May 2014 ......

5. JUSTIFICATIONS FOR CONSIDERING THE PROJECT A BUILDING OF REMARKABLE AND UNIVERSAL VALUE

15 “ Built by the Office public d'habitation de la Seine , whose director was Henri Sellier, the mayor of Suresnes, the Butte Rouge est ate is a unique t estament to the hopes and achievements of the garden - city movement in interwar Europe . Like the estate at Plessis - Robinson, it was a direct product of Joseph Bassompierre and Paul de Rutté ’s much bigger project for a “Greater Paris garden city,” which won the 1919 competition for the extension plan of the French capital.

“ The Butte Rouge estate has taken its place in the history of modern architecture and town planning alongside operations realized as of 1918 in Frankfurt and Amsterdam . More than all the other housing programmes, the estate reconciles the quest for economy with the advantages to be gained from the bucolic wooded setting that predated its construction. In this respect the Butte Rouge strongly contrasts in its size and diversity with other more modest or monotonous realizations , and it remains the best example of the effort undertaken in the Pari s region, as the eminent German urban theoretician Werner Hegemann clearly saw in his important 1938 book City Planning Housing .

“ The hierarchy of streets and squares , the disposition of the communal facilities and the routes traced by the pedestrian pathways bring both unity and variety to the estate , while the detailing of the entrances, the basement storeys, the canopies and the openwork panels brings a particular flavour to each individual building . A tall vertical structure brings civic unity, sin ce Sellier wanted to see “built at certain noteworthy points in the estate towers that will play the general stabilizing role that was formerly assured by the church belfry in the village or the keep in the castle.” This request from an enlightened client was elegantly interpreted by the architects.

“ Interr upted by the delayed effects of the 1929 crash , construction resumed after World War II and was continued on the plateau by Paul and Pierre Sirvin , who produced an architecture of lyrical composition, su ch as the half - moon building w ith its perfectly judged scale , that contrasts in every way with the monotony of contemporary system - built housing states else where in France and Europe . The Sirvins continued the qualities of the initial ensemble in a more se rial programme. As each successive phase of construction was completed , the size of the estate came to total 70 hectares, accommodating one third of the in habitants of Châtenay - Malabry . A s such , it is the largest in France and probabl y in Europe. The sensitive response br ought to the question of mass housing at the Butte Rouge makes it not just an extraordinary material realization but also an exceptional achievement of the mind . ”

T ext by Jean - Louis Cohen

...... 6. PHOTOGRAPHS AND VISUAL ARCHIVES List of documents in this report 1. Original visual a rchives: 2. Recent drawings and p hotographs: Ill. 1. Rue Albert Thomas with the Signal Tower ( first phase, 1931 – 33) . Photo Barbara Gutglas , May 2014 Ill. 2. Rue du Général Duval ( second phase, 1935 – 39) . Photo Barbara Gutglas , May 2014 Ill. 3. Place François Simiand ( first phase, 1933 – 35) . Photo Barbara Gutglas , May 2014 Ill. 4. Aerial view, Google Earth, screenshot, June 2020 16 Ill. 5. C hronological map of construction, April 2019 Ill. 6. Rue Robert Hertz seen from the tower. Photo Barbara Gutglas , May 2014 Ill. 7. Allotments in the garden city. Photo Barbara Gutglas , May 2014 Ill.8. Map of d e molitions envisaged by the municipality date d 2 April 2019, CNL Ill. 9. L é onard de Vinci secondary school ( fourth phase, 1950 – 52) . Photo Barbara Gutglas , May 2013 Ill. 10. Second Signal Tower, place Cyrano de Bergerac ( third phase, 1948 – 50 ) . Photo Barbara Gutglas , May 2019 Ill. 11. The half - moon building (fourth phase, 1950 – 52) . Photo Barbara Gutglas , O ctobe r 2019 Ill. 12. Quartier des aviateurs ( third phase, 1948 – 50) . Photo Barbara Gutglas , O ctobe r 2019 Ill. 13. Cité des peintres ( sixth phase, 1958 – 60) . Photo Barbara Gutglas , October 2019 Ill. 14. The Orthodox Coptic Church of Sainte - Marie - Saint - Marc, formerly Sainte - Monique - de - la - Butte - Rouge, built in 1965 by Pierre Sirvin . Photo Barbara Gutglas , M ay 2020 Ill. 15 Int erior of the first Signal Tower , lift (1931 – 33) . Photo Barbara Gutglas , April 2019 Ill. 16. Access walkway , rue Francis de Pressensé (1935 – 39) . Photo Barbara Gutglas , April 2019 Ill. 17. Rue Lucien Herr, the “ trame verte ” (1931 – 33) . Photo Barbara Gutglas , May 2014 ...... Date: 8 June 2020 Author of the r e port: Barbara Gutglas Re viewers : Louis Sirvin , Benoît Pouv r eau, Milena Crespo English translation : Andrew Ayers

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