DOCSLIB.ORG

Knowing God's Word Key Issues

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Knowing God's Word Key Issues Scholars Crossing Faculty Publications and Presentations Rawlings School of Divinity 2021 Knowing God's Word Key Issues Norm Mathers Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/sod_fac_pubs Part of the Biblical Studies Commons, and the Christianity Commons KNOWING GOD’S WORD KEY ISSUES NORMAN W. MATHERS 2020 TABLE OF CONTENTS KNOWING GOD’S WORD: KEY ISSUES KEY ISSUES 1.1 The Biblical Covenants 1.2 Dispensationalism – 1.3 Old Testament – Synthesis 1.4 New Testament – Synthesis 1.5 Trinitarianism – 1.6 Salvation- 1.7 Original Sin – 1.8 Illumination of the Holy Spirit – 1.9 In Defense of the Truth – 1.10 The Holy Spirit’s Testimony to Christ – 1.11 The Testimony of God the Father to Christ – 1.12 The Purpose of the Word of God in the Spiritual Life- 1.13 Framework 1.14 Biblical Spirituality 1.15 The Rapture 1.16 Interpretation of Scripture 1.17 Apocalyptic Books 1.18 Further Reflections on Interpretation 1.19 General and Specific Revelation 1.20 Reconciliation and Foreknowledge 1.21 The Divine Plan 1.22 The Extent of the Fall 2. PREMILLENNIALISM 2.1Introduction 2.2 Israel’s Kingdom 2.3 God’s Sovereign Purpose for the Gentiles 3. ESCHATOLOGY 3.1 Rapture 3.2 First Event of the Tribulation 3.3 World Dictator and World Church Unite 3.4 Seal Judgments 3.5 Beast and Second Beast 3.6 Ezekiel 38-39 3.7 When Does Russia March? 3.8 Trumpet Judgments 3.9 Battle Armageddon – Second Battle 3.10Satan Cast Out of Heaven 3.11 The Two Witnesses 3.12 The Kings of the East 3.13 Bowl Judgments 3.14 Five Future Events 3.15 Review 3.16 Revelation – Chapter 10 – the Little Book 3.17 Revelation 14 – The 144,000 3.18 Matthew 24:31 – Gathering His Elect 3.19 Judgment of Sheep and Goats 3.20 Bad Angels 3.21 Good Angels 3.22 Millennium 3.23 Great White Throne Judgment 3.24 New Heavens and New Earth 4. Conclusion KEY ISSUES 1.1 THE BIBLICAL COVENANTS Genesis chapter 1 opens with a statement of creation. This is a recreation. The original creation is in Job 38:1-7. Hebrews 11:3 speaks of this fact as well. Genesis 1:1 is a summary statement. Genesis 1:2 is the beginning of recreation.1 This first chapter of Genesis is a picture of judgment. In Genesis 1:2, the word tohu is used in Jeremiah 4:23 for an indication of judgment.2 Bohu, in the same verse, indicates the earth was shapeless.3 God begins to bring order out of chaos.4 The Spirit of God is hovering over the waters. The Holy Spirit makes preparation for recreation. A personal observation would be to consider why is the recreation narrative so brief. My own personal opinion is the author, Moses, is pushing to get to chapter 3 which is the Fall of Man. In these first eleven chapters, four events are presented to the reader. These are recreation chapters 1 and 2, the fall of man, 3-4, the universal Flood, 6-9, and the Tower of Babel, 10-11.5 A further observation is that Genesis 1-11 shows a repeated pattern of sin and judgment. The catastrophic event in Genesis 1 is thought to be the fall of Satan, Isaiah 14.6 In understanding the Bible, in Genesis chapter 12, the Lord God calls Abram out of the Ur of the Chaldees.7 The name of God is Yahweh. 8 Three promises are given to Abram. Yahweh will make Abram into a great nation. Personal blessings are promised to Abram. Yahweh would make his name great and make him a blessing. Blessing and cursing are part of the personal promise to Abram. The universal promise is that by Abram or through all the families of he “cursed ground” [author’s translation] will come the Savior and the Scriptures.9 Abram was to travel to the land which Yahweh would show him.10 He came to the land of Canaan. Abram travelled to Shechem.11 Yahweh appeared to Abram. This is a theophany. He promised the land of Canaan to his seed.12 Abram built an altar to Yahweh. Later, Abram would build another altar and call upon the name of the 1 Campbell, Bible 602- Pentateuch, 1. 2 Brown, Driver, and Briggs, Hebrew English Lexicon of the Old Testament, 1062.c.1 3 Brown, Driver, and Briggs, Hebrew English Lexicon of the Old Testament, 96.a. 4 Campbell, Bible 602- Pentateuch, 1-2. 5 Campbell, Bible 602- Pentateuch, 1-7. 6 Campbell, Bible 602- Pentateuch, 1. 7 Genesis 12:1-3 in Kittel, Biblia Hebraica, 15-16. 8 Genesis 12:1 in Kittel, Biblia Hebraica, 15. 9 Genesis 12:3 in Kittel, Biblia Hebraica, 16. 10 Genesis 12:1 in Kittel, Biblia Hebraica, 17. 11 Genesis 12:5-6 in Kittel, Biblia Hebraica, 17. 12 Genesis 12:7 in Kittel, Biblia Hebraica, 17. Lord.13 In interaction, Yahweh had a representative in Abram in the land of Canaan. The worship of Yahweh had been introduced into the land of Canaan into the midst of the many Canaanite gods and goddesses. In Genesis 17:2, the promises to Abram are called a covenant. The covenant is reaffirmed with Abram and his seed for an eternal covenant. Further, the land of Canaan was to be given to Abram as part of this eternal covenant.14 God reveals himself to Abram as El Shaddai in Genesis 17:1. Abram’s name is changed to Abraham. He will be the father of a “great throng.”15 The Go’im is to be translated nations.16 It is plural form. Further, the text can be translated: “I have given you the go’im (the nations). Paul points out that in Galatians 3:16 that word seed is singular. The far fulfillment was Christ.17 God would make Abraham into a great nation. Personal blessing would come to Abram. Abraham would become a blessing. God would bless those who blessed Abram and curse those treated Abram badly. The blessings were to all families of the earth through Abram. The land promise is restated in Genesis 13:14-17. The boundaries of the land are found in Genesis 15:18-20.18 The promises to Abraham are stated to be an eternal covenant in Genesis 17:7.19 The Abrahamic Covenant is reaffirmed with Isaac in Genesis 26:3- 5.20 It is further confirmed again with Jacob in Genesis 35:10-12.21 The blessings and curses of the Mosaic Law are found in Deuteronomy 28:1-68.22 The Palestinian Covenant is found in Deuteronomy 28. The blessings for obedience are found in verses 1 to 14. The curses begin in the same chapter with verse 15.23 Obedience would bring blessings and disobedience would result in discipline.24 An observation shows the Palestinian Covenant in Deuteronomy chapter 30 promises Israel to be regathered if they repented and returned to Yahweh Elohim with all their heart and soul.25 The Palestinian Covenant magnifies the Abrahamic Covenant in regard to the land promise. Campbell pointed out seven features of the Palestinian Covenant. This is unfaithfulness on the part of the nation would lead to dispersion (Deut. 30:1). Israel will repent during the dispersion (Deut. 30:2). Messiah will come (Deut. 30:3). Israel will be regathered to their land (Deut. 30:4-5). Israel will be saved (Deut. 30:6). Israel’s enemies will be judged 13 Genesis 12:8 in Kittel, Biblia Hebraica, 17. 14 Genesis 17:7-8 in Kittel, Biblia Hebraica, 22. 15 Brown, Driver, and Briggs, Hebrew – English Lexicon, 242.3.c. 16 Brown, Driver, and Briggs, Hebrew – English Lexicon, 156c.1.a.& 156d.1b in Einspahr, Index to Brown, Driver & Briggs, 10 17 Galatians 3:16 in Aland & Black (eds.) The Greek New Testament Revised Fourth Edition, 644. 18 Walvoord, Israel, 31-33. 19 Walvoord, Israel, 33. 20 Chafer, Systematic Theology, vol iv, 313. 21 Chafer, Systematic Theology, vol iv, 314. 22 Chafer, Systematic Theology, vol iv, 314. 23 Pentecost, “Pentateuch 319”, no pages. 24 Pentecost, “Pentateuch 319”, no pages. 25 Deuteronomy 30:1-5, in Kittel, Biblia Hebraica, 310. (Deut.30:7). Blessing will come to Israel (Deut. 30:9).26 The Palestinian Covenant will come to fruition in the millennium.27 A third covenant made with Israel is the Davidic Covenant. It is found in 2 Samuel 7:12-16.28 Pentecost points out three important words of this covenant. These are the covenant’s promises: the house of David, a King, and a kingdom forever.29 In Luke 1:32-33, Dr. Luke confirms that Christ will be a fulfiller of the Davidic covenant.30 Martin points to Psalm 89:3-4, also verses 28 and 29 as well as 2 Samuel 7:16. During the millennium, Christ will act on the throne of David.31 A fourth covenant is the New Covenant guaranteeing that all Israel will be saved. This is found in Jeremiah 31 verses 31 to 37.32 As Israel and Judah enter the millennial kingdom, their life will be regulated by the New Covenant.33 In evaluation, the four biblical covenants run through the entire Bible. The Lord God made a covenant with Abraham. The covenant is found in Genesis 12, 13, 15, and 17. The covenant is reaffirmed in Genesis 13, 15, and 17. It is renewed with each of the patriarchs. The Lord God promised the land of the Middle East to Abraham and his seed.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Citations in Classics and Ancient History
    Citations in Classics and Ancient History The most common style in use in the field of Classical Studies is the author-date style, also known as Chicago 2, but MLA is also quite common and perfectly acceptable. Quick guides for each of MLA and Chicago 2 are readily available as PDF downloads. The Chicago Manual of Style Online offers a guide on their web-page: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html The Modern Language Association (MLA) does not, but many educational institutions post an MLA guide for free access. While a specific citation style should be followed carefully, none take into account the specific practices of Classical Studies. They are all (Chicago, MLA and others) perfectly suitable for citing most resources, but should not be followed for citing ancient Greek and Latin primary source material, including primary sources in translation. Citing Primary Sources: Every ancient text has its own unique system for locating content by numbers. For example, Homer's Iliad is divided into 24 Books (what we might now call chapters) and the lines of each Book are numbered from line 1. Herodotus' Histories is divided into nine Books and each of these Books is divided into Chapters and each chapter into line numbers. The purpose of such a system is that the Iliad, or any primary source, can be cited in any language and from any publication and always refer to the same passage. That is why we do not cite Herodotus page 66. Page 66 in what publication, in what edition? Very early in your textbook, Apodexis Historia, a passage from Herodotus is reproduced.
    [Show full text]
  • Euripides” Johanna Hanink
    The Life of the Author in the Letters of “Euripides” Johanna Hanink N 1694, Joshua Barnes, the eccentric British scholar (and poet) of Greek who the next year would become Regius Professor at the University of Cambridge, published his I 1 long-awaited Euripidis quae extant omnia. This was an enormous edition of Euripides’ works which contained every scrap of Euripidean material—dramatic, fragmentary, and biographical —that Barnes had managed to unearth.2 In the course of pre- paring the volume, Barnes had got wind that Richard Bentley believed that the epistles attributed by many ancient manu- scripts to Euripides were spurious; he therefore wrote to Bentley asking him to elucidate the grounds of his doubt. On 22 February 1693, Bentley returned a letter to Barnes in which he firmly declared that, with regard to the ancient epistles, “tis not Euripides himself that here discourseth, but a puny sophist that acts him.” Bentley did, however, recognize that convincing others of this would be a difficult task: “as for arguments to prove [the letters] spurious, perhaps there are none that will convince any person that doth not discover it by himself.”3 1 On the printing of the book and its early distribution see D. McKitterick, A History of Cambridge University Press I Printing and the Book Trade in Cambridge, 1534–1698 (Cambridge 1992) 380–392; on Joshua Barnes see K. L. Haugen, ODNB 3 (2004) 998–1001. 2 C. Collard, Tragedy, Euripides and Euripideans (Bristol 2007) 199–204, re- hearses a number of criticisms of Barnes’ methods, especially concerning his presentation of Euripidean fragments (for which he often gave no source, and which occasionally consisted of lines from the extant plays).
    [Show full text]
  • On the Arrangement of the Platonic Dialogues
    Ryan C. Fowler 25th Hour On the Arrangement of the Platonic Dialogues I. Thrasyllus a. Diogenes Laertius (D.L.), Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers 3.56: “But, just as long ago in tragedy the chorus was the only actor, and afterwards, in order to give the chorus breathing space, Thespis devised a single actor, Aeschylus a second, Sophocles a third, and thus tragedy was completed, so too with philosophy: in early times it discoursed on one subject only, namely physics, then Socrates added the second subject, ethics, and Plato the third, dialectics, and so brought philosophy to perfection. Thrasyllus says that he [Plato] published his dialogues in tetralogies, like those of the tragic poets. Thus they contended with four plays at the Dionysia, the Lenaea, the Panathenaea and the festival of Chytri. Of the four plays the last was a satiric drama; and the four together were called a tetralogy.” b. Characters or types of dialogues (D.L. 3.49): 1. instructive (ὑφηγητικός) A. theoretical (θεωρηµατικόν) a. physical (φυσικόν) b. logical (λογικόν) B. practical (πρακτικόν) a. ethical (ἠθικόν) b. political (πολιτικόν) 2. investigative (ζητητικός) A. training the mind (γυµναστικός) a. obstetrical (µαιευτικός) b. tentative (πειραστικός) B. victory in controversy (ἀγωνιστικός) a. critical (ἐνδεικτικός) b. subversive (ἀνατρεπτικός) c. Thrasyllan categories of the dialogues (D.L. 3.50-1): Physics: Timaeus Logic: Statesman, Cratylus, Parmenides, and Sophist Ethics: Apology, Crito, Phaedo, Phaedrus, Symposium, Menexenus, Clitophon, the Letters, Philebus, Hipparchus, Rivals Politics: Republic, the Laws, Minos, Epinomis, Atlantis Obstetrics: Alcibiades 1 and 2, Theages, Lysis, Laches Tentative: Euthyphro, Meno, Io, Charmides and Theaetetus Critical: Protagoras Subversive: Euthydemus, Gorgias, and Hippias 1 and 2 :1 d.
    [Show full text]
  • Myth Matters: Intelligent Imagination in Plato's Phaedo and Phaedrus
    University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository Graduate Studies The Vault: Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2018-01-10 Myth Matters: Intelligent Imagination in Plato's Phaedo and Phaedrus Kotow, Emily Claire Kotow, E. C. (2018). Myth Matters: Intelligent Imagination in Plato's Phaedo and Phaedrus. (Unpublished master's thesis). University of Calgary, Calgary, AB. doi:10.11575/PRISM/5457 http://hdl.handle.net/1880/106376 master thesis University of Calgary graduate students retain copyright ownership and moral rights for their thesis. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission. Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY Myth Matters: Intelligent Imagination in Plato's Phaedo and Phaedrus by Emily Claire Kotow A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS GRADUATE PROGRAM IN RELIGIOUS STUDIES CALGARY, ALBERTA JANUARY, 2018 ©Emily Claire Kotow 2018 Abstract This thesis examines the function of myth in Plato’s Phaedo and Phaedrus. Focusing on the afterlife of Phaedo, and the palinode of Phaedrus, I assert that Plato emphasizes the limits of understanding, and as a consequence, the need for intelligent imagination. Ultimately, myth serves to underscore the essential philosophical project of cultivating self-knowledge and therefore is an integral part of Plato’s philosophical project. ii Acknowledgments I would like to thank the Department of Religious Studies for all of the support it has given me over the many years that I have been studying at the University of Calgary.
    [Show full text]
  • Aristaenetus, Erotic Letters
    ARISTAENETUS, EROTIC LETTERS Writings from the Greco-Roman World David Konstan and Johan C. Thom, General Editors Editorial Board Erich S. Gruen Wendy Mayer Margaret M. Mitchell Teresa Morgan Ilaria L. E. Ramelli Michael J. Roberts Karin Schlapbach James C. VanderKam L. Michael White Number 32 Volume Editor Patricia A. Rosenmeyer ARISTAENETUS, EROTIC LETTERS Introduced, translated and annotated by Peter Bing and Regina Höschele Society of Biblical Literature Atlanta ARISTAENETUS, EROTIC LETTERS Copyright © 2014 by the Society of Biblical Literature All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by means of any information storage or retrieval system, except as may be expressly permit- ted by the 1976 Copyright Act or in writing from the publisher. Requests for permission should be addressed in writing to the Rights and Permissions Office, Society of Biblical Literature, 825 Houston Mill Road, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Aristaenetus, author. Erotic letters / Aristaenetus ; introduced, translated, and annotated by Peter Bing and Regina Höschele. pages cm. — (Writings from the Greco-Roman world ; volume 32) ISBN 978-1-58983-741-6 (paper binding : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-1-58983-742-3 (electronic format) — ISBN 978-1-58983-882-6 (hardcover binding : alk. paper) 1. Aristaenetus. Love epistles. I. Bing, Peter. II. Höschele, Regina. III. Aristaenetus. Love epistles. English. 2013. IV. Series: Writings from the Greco-Roman world ; v. 32. PA3874.A3E5 2013 880.8'.03538—dc23 2013024429 Printed on acid-free, recycled paper conforming to ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992 (R1997) and ISO 9706:1994 standards for paper permanence.
    [Show full text]
  • Against the Authenticity of the Seventh Letter
    Histos 10 (2016) LXXVI–LXXXVII REVIEW–DISCUSSION AGAINST THE AUTHENTICITY OF THE SEVENTH LETTER M. Burnyeat and M. Frede, The Pseudo-Platonic Seventh Letter. Edited by Dominic Scott. Oxford: OUP, 2015. Pp. xvi + 224, ill. Hardback, £30.00. ISBN 978-0- 19-873365-2. Introduction he question of the authenticity of the seventh of the Platonic Epistles has been the subject of intermittent but intense debate for centuries now, T and it is not hard to see why. Quite in general, controversializing over writings insecurely attributed to great names is an absorbing activity, offering believers and sceptics alike the pleasure of asserting the rightness and im- portance of their own convictions, while unmasking the perverse credulity or misdirected suspicion of their opponents’. But each instance also of course has stakes of its own, and in the case of Plato and the Seventh Letter these are notably high. Any piece of first-person writing by a great figure of the past is potentially very valuable, but it would be something else again to have just the one from a philosopher of the first rank who in the whole of the rest of his surviving work notoriously conceals himself behind a gallery of ventriloquized characters in dialogue and oration. Moreover, the particular contents of this unique piece of apparent self-disclosure take the reader into some highly charged areas for the understanding of Plato’s philosophical views and career: the formation of his political theory, his beliefs about the possibility of translating that theory into practical action, his views on the status of writing as a vehicle for philo- sophical communication, the possibility of the existence of unwritten Platonic doctrines believed by their originator to be more important than the contents of the dialogues.
    [Show full text]
  • Plato, Epinomis
    THE EPINOMIS ; OR, THE MML OSOPHER. PERSONS OF THE DIALOGUE. An ATHENIAN GUEST, CLlNlAS the Cretan, and MEGILLUS the Lacedaemonian. ACCORDING to our agreement, O gueſt, we are all of us rightly aſſembled, being three, I, and you, and Megillus here, for the purpoſe of conſidering after what manner we ſhould inveſtigate prudence; which when underſtood, we ſay that it cauſes the human habit to ſubſiſt in the moſt beautiful manner poſſible to man,_with reſpect to itſelf. For we have diſcuſſed every thing elſe reſpecting the eſtabliſhment of laws. But we have not yet related and diſcovered, that which it is the greateſt thing to diſcover and relate, I mean, what that is by the learning of which mortal man will become wiſe. We ſhould now endeavour not to leave this un inveſtigated: for, iſ we do, we ſhall nearly leave that imperſect,, for the ſake of'rendering which apparent from the beginning to the end we have all oſ us proceeded thus far. ATHENlAN GUEST. You ſpeak well, friend Clinias. But I think you will now hear a wonderful diſcourſe, though again in a certain reſpect It is not wonderful. For many that we meet with in life aſſert, that the human race can neither be bleſſed nor happy. Attcnd, therefore, and fire, whether it appears 390 THE EPINOMIS; on, appears to you as well as to me, that by ſpeaking as follows about this aſſair we ſhall ſpeak well. For I ſay it is not POfflblC for men in this liſe, except a ſew, to become bleſſed and happy.
    [Show full text]
  • THE REPUBLIC.Pdf
    Plato THE REPUBLIC Translated by Benjamin Jowett INTRODUCTION AND ANALYSIS. The Republic of Plato is the longest of his works with the exception of the Laws, and is certainly the greatest of them. There are nearer approaches to modern metaphysics in the Philebus and in the Sophist; the Politicus or Statesman is more ideal; the form and institutions of the State are more clearly drawn out in the Laws; as works of art, the Symposium and the Protagoras are of higher excellence. But no other Dialogue of Plato has the same largeness of view and the same perfection of style; no other shows an equal knowledge of the world, or contains more of those thoughts which are new as well as old, and not of one age only but of all. Nowhere in Plato is there a deeper irony or a greater wealth of humour or imagery, or more dramatic power. Nor in any other of his writings is the attempt made to interweave life and speculation, or to connect politics with philosophy. The Republic is the centre around which the other Dialogues may be grouped; here philosophy reaches the highest point (cp, especially in Books V, VI, VII) to which ancient thinkers ever attained. Plato among the Greeks, like Bacon among the moderns, was the first who conceived a method of knowledge, although neither of them always distinguished the bare outline or form from the substance of truth; and both of them had to be content with an abstraction of science which was not yet realized. He was the greatest metaphysical genius whom the world has seen; and in him, more than in any other ancient thinker, the germs of future knowledge are contained.
    [Show full text]
  • Brigida Baldinotti and Her Two Epistles in Quattrocento Florentine Manuscripts
    Brigida Baldinotti and Her Two Epistles in Quattrocento Florentine Manuscripts By Lisa Kaborycha Introduction This study casts light on both the vexed question of women’s vernacular liter- acy as well as women’s wider participation in literary culture during the Italian quattrocento. For decades now, scholars have puzzled over the phrase dealing with women’s literacy in Giovanni Villani’s Chronicle, where he states that in Florence between “eight thousand to ten thousand boys and girls are learning to read.”1 Feminist scholars in the 1980s in particular took an extraordinarily pes- simistic stance on women’s literacy in quattrocento Florence. Women’s ability not only to read but also to write was called into question. “A girl who could read, and especially, write, was cause for amazement,” wrote Christiane Klapisch-Zuber.2 Luisa Miglio considered women’s writing in the quattrocento to have been both extremely rare and to have constituted a kind of “transgres- sion.” “I do not know,” wrote Miglio, “if Margherita Datini or Alessandra Macinghi or other lesser known women who took a pen in hand were aware that theirs was an act of transgression, if they were truly able to measure the significance of that action, almost a theft or at least the appropriation of an in- strument reserved to the male universe by the society in which they lived.”3 But was it really so “amazing” or “transgressive” for women to be able to read or write in fifteenth-century Florence? The documents suggest otherwise. A recent study documents scores of manuscripts owned by women as well as I am deeply grateful to Gene Brucker for helping me reconstruct the details of Brigida’s world.
    [Show full text]
  • The Two Supreme Principles of Plato's Cosmos—The One and The
    S S symmetry Article The Two Supreme Principles of Plato’s Cosmos—the One and the Indefinite Dyad—the Division of a Straight Line into Extreme and Mean Ratio, and Pingala’s Matr¯ ameru¯ Maria Antonietta Salamone Department of Philosophy and Society, Faculty of Philosophy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; salamonema@filos.ucm.es Received: 6 December 2018; Accepted: 8 January 2019; Published: 16 January 2019 Abstract: The objective of this paper is to propose a mathematical interpretation of the continuous geometric proportion (Timaeus, 32a) with which Plato accomplishes the goal to unify, harmonically and symmetrically, the Two Opposite Elements of Timaeus Cosmos—Fire and Earth—through the Mean Ratio. As we know, from the algebraic point of view, it is possible to compose a continuous geometric proportion just starting from two different quantities a (Fire) and b (Earth); their sum would be the third term, so that we would obtain the continuous geometric proportion par excellence, which carries out the agreement of opposites most perfectly: (a + b)/a = a/b. This equal proportion, applied to linear geometry, corresponds to what Euclid called the Division into Extreme and Mean Ratio (DEMR) or The Golden Proportion. In fact, according to my mathematical interpretation, in the Timaeus 32b and in the Epinomis 991 a–b, Plato uses Pingala’s Matr¯ ameru¯ or The First Analogy of the Double to mould the body of the Cosmos as a whole, to the pint of identifying the two supreme principles of the Cosmos—the One (1) and the Indefinite Dyad (F and1/F)—with the DEMR.
    [Show full text]
  • The Republic by Plato
    The Republic By Plato http://www.idph.net 18 de maio de 2002 2 IDPH Sumário INTRODUCTION AND ANALYSIS 5 BOOK I 177 BOOK II 211 BOOK III 239 BOOK IV 275 BOOK V 305 BOOK VI 343 BOOK VII 373 BOOK VIII 401 BOOK IX 431 BOOK X 457 3 4 IDPH http://www.idph.net INTRODUCTION AND ANALYSIS The Republic of Plato is the longest of his works with the exception of the Laws, and is certainly the greatest of them. There are nearer approaches to modern metaphysics in the Philebus and in the Sophist; the Politicus or Statesman is more ideal; the form and institutions of the State are more clearly drawn out in the Laws; as works of art, the Symposium and the Protagoras are of higher excellence. But no other Dialogue of Plato has the same largeness of view and the same perfection of style; no other shows an equal knowledge of the world, or contains more of those thoughts which are new as well as old, and not of one age only but of all. Nowhere in Plato is there a deeper irony or a greater wealth of humour or imagery, or more dramatic power. Nor in any other of his writings is the attempt made to interweave life and speculation, or to connect politics with philosophy. The Republic is the centre around which the other Di- alogues may be grouped; here philosophy reaches the highest point (cp, especi- ally in Books V,VI, VII) to which ancient thinkers ever attained. Plato among the Greeks, like Bacon among the moderns, was the first who conceived a method of knowledge, although neither of them always distinguished the bare outline or form from the substance of truth; and both of them had to be content with an abstraction of science which was not yet realized.
    [Show full text]
  • Black's New Testament Commentary the Epistles of Peter and of Jude Jnd
    BLACK’S NEW TESTAMENT COMMENTARY THE EPISTLES OF PETER AND OF JUDE J. N. D. KELLY, D. D., F.B.A. FORMER PRINCIPPAL OF ST EDMUND HALL, OXFORD A & C BLACK LONDON FIRST PUBLISHED 1969 REPRINTED 1976, 1977, 1982, 1990 A & C BLACK (PUBLISHERS) LIMITED 35 BEDFORD ROW, LONDON WC1R 4JH © 1969 JOHN NORMAN DAVIDSON KELLY ISBN 0-7136-1285-1 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmi!ed in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission in writing of A & C Black (Publishers) Limited. J. N. D. Kelly, !e Epistles of Peter and of Jude (Black’s New Testament Commentary; London: Continuum, 1969). Exported from Logos Bible Software, 3:35 PM June 9, 2020. 1 THE EPISTLE OF JUDE 1. ADDRESS AND GREETING 1–2 1 Jude, servant of Jesus Christ and brother of James, to those who are called, beloved in God the Father and kept safe for Jesus Christ: 2 May mercy, peace and love be multiplied to you. 1 !e le"er opens with a greeting of the conventional Jewish pa"ern adapted to Christian usage. !ough much shorter, it has the same basic plan and broadly the same content as that of 1 Pet. 1:1 f. (see note). !e writer’s name is given as Jude (Ioudas): for his identity, see Introduction, pp. 231–234. !e intention seems to be to impress on the recipients that he is not some obscure, otherwise unknown individual in the apostolic Church, but the brother of the Lord mentioned in Mk.
    [Show full text]