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Regional Security Cooperation in the East African Community

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Regional Security Cooperation in the East African Community REGIONAL SECURITY COOPERATION IN THE EAST AFRICAN COMMUNITY SABASTIANO RWENGABO BA (First Class) (Hons.), MA (Pub Admin. & Mgt), MAK. A THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE 2014 DECLARATION I, Sabastiano RWENGABO, declare that this thesis is my original work. It has been written by me in its entirety. I have duly acknowledged all the sources of information which have been used in the thesis. The thesis has also not been previously written or submitted for any degree or any other award in any University or institution. ____________ _______________ Sabastiano RWENGABO 21 July 2014 i | P a g e Acknowledgement Along this journey I met many people who help me through the long, bumpy, road to and through Graduate School. It is impossible to acknowledge even a good fraction of them. I hope and pray that all those who supported me but find their names unmentioned here bear with me and accept that I do highly appreciate their invaluable contributions. From my parents who sent me to, and supported me through, formal schooling; through my brothers and sisters–the Rutashoborokas–to my family members–the Rwengabos–and relatives, my closest people endured my long absence while inspiring and supporting me invaluably. Your support and prayers helped me romp through doctoral manoeuvres. My Academic Advisors–Prof Janice Bially-Mattern; Prof Reuben Wong; Dr Karen Jane Winzoski–advised and mentored me, reading and re-reading my work countless times. They kept me on track, “in one shape” until we all saw “some light at the end of the tunnel.” Other Professors in the Department and beyond–Terence Lee, Luke David O’Sullivan, Kevin McGahan, Jamie Davidson, Chen An, Tobias Hofmann, Yoshinori Nishizaki, Robert Woodberry, Soo Yeon Kim, Terry Nardin, Shirlena Huang (Migration Cluster/Dean’s Office), Elaine Ho (Geography/Migration Cluster)–taught and advised me through the many modules, teaching tasks, and engagements in and outside the department, the University, and the World. They helped me understand my world and make sufficient sense out of it to write this Thesis. My friends and mentors in the Pearl of Africa–Tibesigwa-Rutashoboroka, Busharizi-Rutash., Ntwirenabo-Rutash., Tumwekwatse-Rutash., Kyosiimire-Ruta., and Resty Kansiime; Simon K. Karuhanga, Atwine-Bahiigi, Pheonah Tumuhimbise, James Niwamanya, Innocent Ndungutse; the families of George Sabiiti-Bashaija, Chris Byaruhanga, Jimmy Musimbi, Charles and Aurelia Bakahumura, Stephen Warufu-Birungi, Acleo Ainomugisha, Moses Mukundane; Prof Sabiti- Makara, Mark Alexander Mashemererwa, Prof Murindwa-Rutanga, Dr Mesarch Katusiime, Dr Simon-Peter Rutabajuuka, Prof Julius Kiiza; Robert Bob Beine, Emmanuel Marx Bajungu, Deo Tukacungurwa, Emmanuel Aturinde, Pascal Barebente, Gloria Komugisha, Godwin Kamugisha, Rhita Katusiime, Lambert Muhumuza-Kanyantsi, Gertrude Apio; colleagues and friends of Ms Anne Mary Tusingwire–and many others … supported my family in my absence, encouraged me to keep going, supported me during fieldwork, and more… I Love and Bless You. There were also incredible human souls in Singapore like Kwadwo Konado Ansah-Antwi, David Kwamena-Mensah, Nega Tassie, Sybil Obuobi, Dr Grace ii | P a g e Birungi, Thomas Okullo and his family, John Williams, Prince ‘Ghana’, Ashraf Ahmad, Ernest Adu, Isaiah Goitom, Richard Kizza, Gace A. Dalson, Anthony Bayega, and others who prayed for, advised, share with, and helped me. Administrative staff at NUS–from those with whom I corresponded in the Registrar’s and Dean’s Offices before travelling to Singapore, such as Dayang Sumandeng binte Chokri (Academic Registrar’s Office) and Suzan Khoo Poh Siok (Dean’s Office, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences), and day-today administrative support of Noor Sham binte Abdul Hamid, Angeline Koh Yeong Ying and others in the Department, to staff in the Institutional Review Board (like Annie Koh and Tan Hui Cheng)–kept communication lines open. They clarified many things for me before and after I arrived in Singapore. You kept me “in line”, helping me throughout this program. I am forever thankful to You All. Fellow students in and outside the Department were many. I guiltily mention few colleagues and friends Liberty Lopez Chee, Chen Chao, Bubbles Beverly Neor Asor, Walid Jumblatt bin Abdullah, Li Xiang, Daniel Olsher, Harrison Cheng; Amelia Chia Biyun, Shuyi Chua; Mabel Seah Min Li, Charmaine Chua, Zdeni Dejanova; and other students before and after we had joined. Students I taught in the department count in the hundreds. Thankful to all of them for the friendship and learning and support weshared, I beg each’s understanding to mention only: Lim Wee Keat, Lim Chee Wei, Rajpal Singh S/O Harvinder S, Chan Jun Hao, Angel Mah Yi Xin, Seetoh Kahmun, Michelle Djong Hui Ing, Rastus Chow Yong En, Sean Yap Xi Yi, Johannes Aster Toledo Rubiano, Lo Soon Hui, Chew Kai Wei, Afiqah Zaina, Alfred Wan, Chodhury Sohini, Constance Piat, Corina Patricia Kartz, Shubaashini D/O Vijayamohan, David Wong, Natalie Chia Si Hui, Aloysius Foo Zhou Jie, Khairiah Bte Mohamad, Natalie Cheang, Clarissa Koh Cai Lin, Xiong Jieru, Sinja Cathrin Wernz, Clement Tan Wen Bin, Clement Ho Wei-Jian, Nimeshan Hansaka Sujathe, Chia Yi Hui, Koh Hui Li, Alyssa Chloe Tan Yan Yi, Chen Zixian Zach, Sean Yap Zhi Yi, Alice-Mary Elizabeth, Annabelle Chen Xinlin, Clara Lee Yen Yin, and Daniel Williams. There were great East Africans: Respondents, Informants, Administrators who assisted me during fieldwork, and many others…Charles Ngeleja Kadonya and his colleagues (EALA); Costa Mashauri, Emmanuel Diah and colleagues (EAC Resource Centre); Joy Olive Tibenderana and colleagues (EAC Secretariat); officers in EALA Speaker’s Office; officials from relevant ministries/departments in EAC Partner States; respondents throughout the Region; and persons whose assistance in one way or the other contributed to this success. I am indebted to You All. iii | P a g e Table of Contents DECLARATION ........................................................................................................................................... i Acknowledgement ...................................................................................................................................... ii Table of Contents ...................................................................................................................................... iv Summary ...........................................................................................................................................vii List of Tables ........................................................................................................................................... ix List of Figures ............................................................................................................................................ x Recurring Acronyms .................................................................................................................................. xi Map of the EAC ........................................................................................................................................xiv CHAPTER ONE .................................................................................................................................................. 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................ 1 The Puzzle ............................................................................................................................................ 2 Argument ............................................................................................................................................ 6 Situating the Puzzle .................................................................................................................................. 12 Why the Puzzle is Important ..................................................................................................................... 17 Inadequacy of Existing Explanations ........................................................................................................ 25 Research Design ...................................................................................................................................... 34 Organisation of the Thesis ........................................................................................................................ 44 CHAPTER TWO ............................................................................................................................................... 46 THE PUZZLE OF SECURITY COOPERATION IN THE EAC – THE LITERATURE .................................... 46 Regionalism and Regional Organisations ................................................................................................. 48 Regionalism and Regional Security Cooperation ...................................................................................... 51 Understanding Non-Cooperation on Rebellions in the EAC ..................................................................... 66 Unexplained Issues: The Analytical Value of Sovereignty ........................................................................ 84 iv | P a g e CHAPTER THREE ..........................................................................................................................................
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