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Time Line of Key Historical Events*

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Time Line of Key Historical Events* January 1986 The National Resistance Army rebel group overruns Kampala after a heavy battle with government troops. Tito Okello’s government falls. Yoweri Museveni is sworn in as president of the Republic of Uganda for a four-year interim term. March 1986 Party activities are suspended in Uganda; but Uganda People’s Democratic Movement (UPDM) is formed to challenge Museveni’s leadership. Other rebel groups, the Holy Spirit Movement of Alice Lakwena and Lord’s Resistance Army of Joseph Kony, are also formed. May 1986 A bill to create the Uganda Human Rights Commission is proposed to investigate human rights abuses since 1962 when Uganda got independence. August 1986 Prince Mutebi arrives in Uganda from Kenya via Busia on his first visit to a liberated Uganda. Former soldiers regrouped under the Uganda People’s Democratic Army (UPDA) launch an attack on NRA. NRA Battalion No. 58 at Bibia repulses the attack. Yoweri Museveni denounces Sudan for assisting 3,000 army rebels to attack Uganda. Budget day, the exchange rate is set at Ug. shs. 1,400 per U.S. dollar. October 1986 Three ministers, Dr. Andrew Kayiira, Dr. David Lwanga, and Mr. Evaristo Nyanzi, and former vice president, Paulo Muwanga, are arrested on treason charges. November 1986 Uganda National Rescue Front (UNRF) hands over its flag to the NRM at Karila Airstrip in Arua. Brig. Moses Ali announces the absorption of 2,000 UNRF soldiers in the NRA. Alice Lakwena’s Holy Spirit Movement and Peter * The following were used as sources for part of this timeline: Mugaju (1999), Kaiser and Okumu (2004), and www.IRINnews.org (2006). 202 Regime Hegemony in Museveni’s Uganda Otai’s Uganda People’s Army (UPA) terrorize people in north and northeastern Uganda. December 1986 The Human Rights Commission is set up under Legal Notice No. 5 of 1986 to investigate human rights abuses from 1962 to January 25, 1986. January 1987 The remains of former President Yusuf Lule arrive in Uganda from London for reburial. May 1987 A new currency, with a 30 percent tax charge is introduced into circulation. IMF shock treatment applied to Ugandan economy as Economic Recovery Program (ERP) begins. August 1987 Two hundred rebels of Alice Lakwena’s Holy Spirit mobile force killed by NRA in a battle at Soroti Flying School. Four hundred Holy Spirit forces killed by NRA at Aloet Railway Station in Soroti District. October 1987 Alice Lakwena’s mobile force is repulsed when attempting to overrun Magamaga barracks. March 1988 The National Resistance Army and the rebel Uganda People’s Democratic Army begin cease-fire discussions in Gulu. The NRM government and a leading rebel group since 1986, the Uganda People’s Democratic Army, agree to a cease-fire and sign a formal peace agreement. The human rights group Amnesty International criticizes the army’s conduct in its counterinsurgency operations in northern and northeastern Uganda. Amnesty International criticizes the Uganda government over NRA’s tactics in fighting rebels in the north and northeast of the country. The NRA and UPDA reach an agreement and announce a cease-fire. May 1988 NRC passes legislation that prohibits the practice and pro- motion of sectarianism and introduces press censorship. September 1988 IMF, World Bank, and Western donors make an Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility (ESAF) available to Uganda. October 1988 A Uganda Airlines Boeing 707 jetliner crashes on the run- way as it lands at Rome Airport in Italy. Thirty people on board die in the accident. A bill establishing a constitutional commission is passed by the country’s parliament, The National Resistance Council. February 1989 Elections to expand the National Resistance Council are held. Time Line of Key Historical Events 203 October 1989 The National Resistance Council votes to extend the interim rule of the National Resistance Movement Government for five more years until 1994. December 1989 An attack is launched from Sudan by ex–Uganda soldiers assisted by Sudanese troops. February 1990 The Spanish Government announces a US$40 million loan to Uganda for the rehabilitation of Entebbe Airport, the development of central storage, construction of cold stores, and for rolling stock to the Uganda Railways Corporation. NRA in collaboration with civilians starts an offensive against UPA of Otai. April 1990 Brig. Moses Ali, minister of youth, culture, and sports, is arrested and charged with plotting a coup. July 1990 Otema Allimadi, leader of UPDM, signs a peace accord with government. January 1991 President Museveni announces a cabinet reshuffle. George Cosmas Adyebo becomes prime minister while Dr. Samson Kisekka is elevated to vice president. February 1991 Uganda hosts the joint ACP/EEC Assembly in Kampala. The World Bank approves a US$40 million loan for the reconstruction of northern and northeastern Uganda. April 1991 The army begins a major four-month operation, com- manded by Minister of state for Defence Maj. Gen. David Tinyefuza against rebels in Northern Uganda. May 1991 Museveni formally invites all émigré Ugandan Asians, who had been expelled by Amin, to return. June 1991 A major conference is organized by the Constitutional Commission for leaders of political parties to discuss consti- tutional proposals to be included in the draft constitution. July 1991 Another cabinet reshuffle takes place cutting the cabinet by about 50 percent. The total number of ministers drops from 72 to 42. December 1991 Government announces its intention to liberalize the cotton industry thus ending the Lint Marketing Board monopoly. The National Resistance Council passes the Leadership Code Bill. February 1992 Nationwide elections for officials at the lower local to dis- trict level councils are held. Countrywide RC 1-5 elections begin. 204 Regime Hegemony in Museveni’s Uganda April 1992 The Army Council announces negotiations over the return of confiscated traditional cultural sites to the kingdoms of Ankole, Buganda, Bunyoro, Busoga, and Tooro. Uganda and China sign an agreement on the construction of a new Chinese-funded national stadium at Namboole outside Kampala. May 1992 Paris Club Consultative Group meeting of donors commits US$800 million to Uganda. June 1992 The Uganda High Court acquits Moses Ali of treason charges. July 1992 The government launches a US$93.6 million reconstruc- tion program for northern Uganda, sponsored by the World Bank, donor countries, and aid agencies aimed mainly at the repair of roads and extension of electricity. August 1992 Political party activities are formally suspended by the NRC. The suspension follows a three-day closed session. October 1992 The army bows to pressure from international donors and begins a demobilization of up to 40,000 soldiers. Uganda launches a far-reaching political decentralization program whose objective is to increase citizen participation and political empowerment. November 1992 Formal negotiations between the National Resistance Army (NRA) and Buganda, about the return of cultural sites occu- pied by the army, are inaugurated by President Museveni. December 1992 Constitutional Commission presents draft constitution to government. Negotiations between government and Sabataka of Buganda on the return of traditional sites taken over by government in 1967 open. The demobilization exercise of the NRA begins at First Division Headquarters, Lubiri barracks. February 1993 Pope John Paul II arrives in Uganda on a five-day visit. March 1993 A draft constitution prescribing party political activities for seven years is published. The NRC orders immediate suspension of negotiations on sales of public enterprises by the Public Enterprises Reform and Divestiture until relevant law is enacted. April 1993 The Constitution Assembly Bill is passed. The NRC agrees, in principle, to return cultural sites known as ebyaffe to the Baganda. Time Line of Key Historical Events 205 July 1993 Ronald Muwenda Mutebi II is enthroned as the thirty- sixth king of Buganda Kingdom. NRC passes legislation approving restoration of traditional monarchies, which are given cultural but not political powers. The NRC passes the Constitution Amendment Bill, 1993 (Ebyaffe Bill) to restore the traditional rulers who were abolished under the 1967 Constitution. August 1993 The AIDS Control Programme announces that one out of every eight Ugandans is infected with HIV virus that causes AIDS. The government requests foreign donors for US$550 million to fund a five-year plan to slow the spread of the epidemic. President Museveni opens the Buganda Lukiiko (Parliament) at Bulange, Mengo. The commissioner for the Constituent Assembly announces the demarcation of the country into 214 electoral districts. November 1993 Prince John Patrick Barigye is enthroned as thirty-third King of Ankole Kingdom. The government, however, refuses to recognize his coronation. Former head of state, General Tito Okello, returns to Uganda after nearly eight years in exile. January 1994 Uganda Democratic Alliance (UDA) and Uganda Federal Army (UFA) suspend guerilla activities. NRA soldiers head for Liberia on a peace keeping mission. The nomination of candidates for the Constituent Assembly takes place. March 1994 Nationwide elections are held to select delegates to the Constituent Assembly (CA), which will debate Uganda’s new Constitution. May 1994 Members of the Constituent Assembly (CA) are sworn in. CA begins debate on draft Constitution. June 1994 Solomon Gafabusa Iguru I is enthroned as the twenty- seventh king of Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom. November 1994 President Yoweri Museveni reshuffles the cabinet naming Dr. Specioza Kazibwe as Uganda’s first ever woman vice president. December 1994 The NRM interim period extended until after the general elections to be held under the new Constitution. February 1995 IMF and World Bank establish the Ugandan Multilateral Debt Fund (UMDF). 206 Regime Hegemony in Museveni’s Uganda A group of about 30 people attack Buwambo police post in Mpigi district. The group claims to be fighting for federalism. Cabinet extends the term of office for the incumbent resist- ance council committees until after the new constitution is in force.
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