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Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės Monetos Coins of the Grand Duchy

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Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės Monetos Coins of the Grand Duchy Vincas RUZAS Lietuvosmonetos Didžiosios KunigaikštystėsLietuvos banko KATALOGASPinigų muziejuje / CATALOGUE Coins of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania at the Money Museum of the Bank of Lithuania Vilnius 2015 UDK 737(474.5)(091) Ru218 Fotografai / Photographers Rolandas Ginaitis, Eugenijus Ivanauskas Dizaineris / Designer Romanas Tumėnas Piešinių autorius / Author of the drawings Dainius Mikalauskas Redaktorė / Lithuanian text edited by Ramutė Macienė Į anglų kalbą vertė / Translated into English by Dalia Šatienė © Lietuvos bankas, 2015 © Vincas Ruzas, 2015 ISBN 978-9986-651-84-0 Turinys / Contents Įvadas / Introduction ......................................................................................................... 5 Lietuviški piniginiai lydiniai / Lithuanian currency bars .............................................................................. 55 Jogaila ................................................................................................................. 72 Vytautas .............................................................................................................. 94 LDK sritinės kunigaikštystės / Regional duchies of the GDL ...................................................................... 115 Kazimieras Jogailaitis / Casimir Jagiellon ...............................................................................................124 Aleksandras / Alexander ......................................................................................................... 146 Žygimantas Senasis / Sigismund the Old ........................................................................................ 162 Žygimantas Augustas / Sigismund Augustus .................................................................................... 209 Steponas Batoras / Stephen Bathory ............................................................................................ 274 Zigmantas Vaza / Sigismund Vasa .............................................................................................. 294 Jonas Kazimieras / John Casimir .................................................................................................... 355 Augustas II / Augustus II ....................................................................................................... 394 Literatūra / Bibliography .................................................................................................... 397 Įvadas / Introduction Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės monetos / Coins of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania 5 Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė (LDK) per kelis savo gyvavimo šimtme- čius nuo XIII a. iki XVIII a. pab. paliko neišsemiamus materialinės ir dvasi- nės kūrybos klodus. LDK kultūrinis palikimas vis dažniau sulaukia archeo- logų, istorikų, meno tyrinėtojų, muziejininkų ir numizmatikos specialistų dėmesio. Šio istorinio laikotarpio tyrinėjimas ne tik priartina jau nutolusią epochą, leidžia atrasti ir pažinti jai būdingus istorijos, meno ar raštijos arte- faktus, bet ir visapusiškai praturtina šiandienos kultūrą. Jo svarbą šiuolaiki- niuose mokslininkų darbuose rodo vis gausėjantys įvairaus pobūdžio leidi- niai, šio laikotarpio istorijos, architektūros paminklų atkūrimas, skulptorių ir dailininkų kūryba. Per 220 m. nuo LDK gyvavimo pabaigos lietuvių tauta išgyveno pakilimo ir nuosmukio laikotarpius. Tačiau ir mūsų dienų Lietuvos Respubliką su senąja Kunigaikštyste simboliškai tebesieja herbas Vytis. LDK heraldiniai simboliai, istorinės asmenybės, architektūros, raštijos paveldas atgyja ir Lietuvos banko leidžiamose kolekcinėse monetose. Vienas iš įdomiausių valstybės istorinio, ekonominio ir kultūrinio pavel- do palikimo ženklų yra pinigai. Lietuvos banko Pinigų muziejus pirmasis iš Lietuvos muziejų išleidžia LDK pinigų kolekcijos katalogą. Leidinyje publi- kuojami muziejuje sukaupti visi šio laikotarpio pinigai nuo pirmųjų lietu- viškų lydinių iki paskutinių monetų, nukaldintų Vilniaus kalykloje 1666 m. Kartu trumpai supažindinama su atskirais istorijos laikotarpiais, apžvelgia- ma lietuviškų pinigų raida. Leidinyje skelbiami ir lietuviški iždininkų skaičia- vimo žetonai, nukaldinti Vilniaus monetų kalykloje, kita muziejinė medžia- ga, iliustruojanti LDK pinigų istoriją. Už naudingus patarimus rengiant leidinį nuoširdžiai dėkoju Pinigų mu- ziejaus vadovui Vidmantui Laurinavičiui, už geranorišką rūpestį – Leidybos skyriaus viršininkui Linui Dikavičiui, už kantrybę ir profesionalumą – redak- torei Ramutei Macienei, vertėjoms į anglų kalbą Daliai Šatienei ir Gabriellai Anelauskaitei, fotografui Rolandui Ginaičiui, dizaineriui Romanui Tumėnui. Už patarimus pinigų istorijos klausimais esu dėkingas Lietuvos nacionalinio muziejaus Numizmatikos skyriaus vedėjai Daliai Grimalauskaitei, už kon- sultacijas ankstyvųjų lietuviškų pinigų istorijos klausimais – šio muziejaus numizmatui Eduardui Remecui, buvusiam kolegai numizmatui Vytautui Aleksiejūnui, už patarimus ir nesavanaudišką pagalbą fotografuojant monetas – numizmatui Eugenijui Ivanauskui, už pagalbą – kolegoms iš Lietuvos banko. Autorius 6 Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės monetos / Coins of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania During the several hundred years of its existence from the 13th to the end of the 18th c., the Grand Duchy of Lithuania has left inexhaustible layers of material and spiritual culture. The cultural heritage of the GDL has been gaining increasingly more attention from archaeologists, historians, art investigators, museologists and numismatics specialists. Studying this historical period not only brings closer an already distant epoch, enables finding and learning the historical, artistic or writing artefacts characteristic of it, but enriches today’s culture in every possible way as well. The importance of such studying in contemporary works of scientists is suggested by the increasing number of publications of a different nature, restoration of historical and architectural monuments, creation by sculptors and artists. Over the 220 years following the end of the existence of the GDL the Lithuanian nation has survived through ups and downs. However, the present-day Republic of Lithuania is still related to the old Duchy through our coat of arms, Vytis. Heraldic symbols, historical personalities, architectural and writing heritage of the GDL are revived in the collectors coins issued by the Bank of Lithuania as well. One of the most interesting marks of a state’s historical, economic and cultural heritage is money. The Money Museum of the Bank of Lithuania, the first among the museums in Lithuania, is issuing a Catalogue of the Collection of Money of the GDL. This Catalogue publishes all money from this period accumulated at the Money Museum, from the first Lithuanian bars to the last coins, minted at the Vilnius Mint in 1666. At the same time the reader is introduced to separate historical periods; an overview of the development of Lithuanian money is given. The Catalogue also publishes Lithuanian counters of treasurers, minted at the Vilnius Mint, other museum material illustrating the history of the money of the GDL. I wish to express my sincere appreciation to Vidmantas Laurinavičius, Head of the Money Museum, for his valuable advice in preparing this publication; Linas Dikavičius, Head of the Publication and Translation Division, for his benevolent care; editor Ramutė Macienė for her patience and professionalism; Dalia Šatienė and Gabriella Anelauskaite, for translating this work into English; photographer Rolandas Ginaitis; designer Romanas Tumėnas. For advice on issues of the history of money, I wish to thank Dalia Grimalauskaitė, Head of the Numismatics Division at the National Museum of Lithuania; for consultations on the issues of the history of early Lithuanian money — Eduardas Remecas, numismatist of this Museum, and Vytautas Aleksiejūnas, my former colleague; for advice and unselfish assistance in photographing the coins — numismatist Eugenijus Ivanauskas; for their assistance — my colleagues at the Bank of Lithuania. The author Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės monetos / Coins of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania 7 Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės pinigų kolekcija Lietuvos banko Pinigų muziejuje / Collection of Coins of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania at the Money Museum of the Bank of Lithuania 1996–2014 Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės (LDK) pinigų kolekcijos kūrimo laikotarpis, kaip ir muziejaus istorija, labai trumpas. Dabartinio Pinigų mu- ziejaus užuomazga galima laikyti 1985 m. SSRS Valstybinio banko Lietuvos respublikinėje kontoroje įsteigtą Valstybinio banko istorijos muziejų, vei- kusį visuomeniniais pagrindais. Tačiau muziejaus rinkinių formavimas apsi- ribojo senos skaičiavimo technikos, bankinių operacijų instrukcijų, jubilie- jinių, apyvartinių ir išimtų iš apyvartos rublių rinkimu bei ideologiniais ir propagandiniais tikslais renkama medžiaga apie bankininkus karo dalyvius ir darbo veteranus. Lietuvos nepriklausomybės pradžioje muziejaus veikla buvo nutrūkusi, ji atnaujinta tik 1993 m. LDK pinigų fondas pradėtas kaupti 1996 m., kai iš privataus asmens įsigyta 165 lietuviškų monetų kolekcija. Joje buvo 4 ankstyvosios lietu- viškos monetos – 2 su Gediminaičių stulpais ir ietigaliu su kryžiumi, 2 su Gediminaičių stulpais ir raiteliu, Aleksandro ir Žygimanto Senojo 1509–1523 ir 1525–1527 m. pusgrašiai, Žygimanto Augusto dvidenariai, pusgrašiai ir 1548 m. grašis, Stepono Batoro 1580–1586 m. trigrašiai, Zigmanto Vazos įvairių nominalų monetos, Jono Kazimiero 1652 m. šilingai ir 1664 m. or- tas. Beveik visa kolekcija eksponuota
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