Understanding GAP As a ‘Social Development’ Project: Failure Or Success?
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Cooperation on Turkey's Transboundary Waters
Cooperation on Turkey's transboundary waters Aysegül Kibaroglu Axel Klaphake Annika Kramer Waltina Scheumann Alexander Carius Status Report commissioned by the German Federal Ministry for Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety F+E Project No. 903 19 226 Oktober 2005 Imprint Authors: Aysegül Kibaroglu Axel Klaphake Annika Kramer Waltina Scheumann Alexander Carius Project management: Adelphi Research gGmbH Caspar-Theyß-Straße 14a D – 14193 Berlin Phone: +49-30-8900068-0 Fax: +49-30-8900068-10 E-Mail: [email protected] Internet: www.adelphi-research.de Publisher: The German Federal Ministry for Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety D – 11055 Berlin Phone: +49-01888-305-0 Fax: +49-01888-305 20 44 E-Mail: [email protected] Internet: www.bmu.de © Adelphi Research gGmbH and the German Federal Ministry for Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety, 2005 Cooperation on Turkey's transboundary waters i Contents 1 INTRODUCTION ...............................................................................................................1 1.1 Motive and main objectives ........................................................................................1 1.2 Structure of this report................................................................................................3 2 STRATEGIC ROLE OF WATER RESOURCES FOR THE TURKISH ECONOMY..........5 2.1 Climate and water resources......................................................................................5 2.2 Infrastructure development.........................................................................................7 -
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INVENTORY OF SHARED WATER RESOURCES IN WESTERN ASIA INVENTORY OF SHARED WATER RESOURCES IN WESTERN ASIA AbOuT ThE Inventory The Inventory of Shared Water Resources in Western Asia is the first effort led by the united Nations to catalogue and characterize transboundary surface and groundwater resources in the Middle East. It is a desk study AbOuT ESCWA by the united Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA) and the German Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural The united Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA) Resources (bGR), which has been developed in close consultation with is one of the five Regional Commissions of the united Nations Secretariat. It national, regional and international experts. Through the inter-governmental focuses on cross-sectoral approaches for achieving sustainable development Committee on Water Resources and nominated focal points, ESCWA member and integrated natural resources management by informing regional policies, countries have actively participated in the preparation of this Inventory, dialogue and cooperation. ESCWA comprises Arab countries in Western Asia including the identification of shared basins, the compilation of information and North Africa: bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, and the review of chapters. Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the Sudan, the Syrian Arab Republic, Tunisia, the united Arab Emirates and Yemen. The Inventory follows a standardized structure, with 9 surface water chapters and 17 groundwater chapters that systematically address hydrology, hydrogeology, water resources development and use, international water AbOuT bGR agreements and transboundary water management efforts. The chapters cover all rivers and groundwater resources shared between and by Arab bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (bGR) is the German countries in the Middle East. -
Inventory of Shared Water Resources in Western Asia
INVENTORY OF SHARED WATER RESOURCES IN WESTERN ASIA دراسة مسح الموارد المائية المشتركة في غربي آسيا Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources Copyright © 2012, United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA) and the German Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR). How to cite: ESCWA-BGR Cooperation, 2012. Inventory of Shared Water Resources in Western Asia (Online Version). Chapter 7: Orontes River Basin. Beirut. Chapter 7 Orontes River Basin INVENTORY OF SHARED WATER RESOURCES IN WESTERN ASIA CHAPTER 7 - ORONTES RIVER BASIN Orontes River Basin EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Also known as the Assi River, the Orontes is the only perennial river in Western Asia that flows north and drains west into the Mediterranean Sea. Its flow regime shows typical winter peak flows due to increased precipitation, and summer low flows maintained exclusively by groundwater discharge. The river is mainly used for irrigation purposes with several agricultural projects planned in the three riparian countries. Water quality at the headwaters is generally good, but deteriorates in the middle and lower reaches of the river due to agricultural, urban and industrial activities. There is no basin-wide agreement between the three riparians, but there are several bilateral agreements in place on issues such as water allocation (Lebanon-Syria) and the joint The Dardara Falls on the Orontes in Lebanon, 2009. Source: Andreas Renck. construction of infrastructure (Syria-Turkey). Orontes Basin politics are heavily influenced MAIN AGREEMENTS by the status of Turkish-Syrian relations in general, and discussions over the sharing of the 1994 – Agreement on the Distribution of Orontes Euphrates River in particular. -
Turkey's Foreign Policy Orientation in the Water Context and the Orontes
Turkey’s foreign policy orientation in the water context and the Orontes Basin Aysegul Kibaroglu and Vakur Sumer 1. Introduction This chapter will basically aim at understanding, explaining and analyzing the foreign policy orientation of Turkey in the transboundary waters context. Turkey’s state practices include a rich history of treaty practices, as well as political statements and actions which culminated in regional water governance trends displaying consensus, but in most cases disagreements. The chapter will analyze how harmonization with the European Union (EU) has had impacts on the transboundary water policy discourses and practices in Turkey, and how these changes have been reflected in the country’s relations with its neighbors in the Middle East. The Orontes River Basin is presented as a case-study with its geographical features and hydro-political history. In this context, transboundary water politics in the Orontes will be examined with its entrenched complexities. The chapter will focus on the divergent views of Syria and Turkey over the Orontes, the cooperation initiatives taken in the last decade, specifically the proposed “Friendship Dam” project which came to a standstill after the civil war in Syria and consequent deterioration of relations between Turkey and Syria. The chapter will also briefly present the need for a reappraisal of the transboundary water management practices in the basin so that they would favor greater participation of stakeholders which have traditionally been excluded in the region, such as women. -
Multi-Risk Interpretation of Natural Hazards for Settlements of the Hatay Province in the East Mediterranean Region, Turkey Using SRTM DEM
Environ Earth Sci (2012) 65:1895–1907 DOI 10.1007/s12665-011-1171-0 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Multi-risk interpretation of natural hazards for settlements of the Hatay province in the east Mediterranean region, Turkey using SRTM DEM A. C. Demirkesen Received: 7 October 2009 / Accepted: 25 June 2011 / Published online: 9 July 2011 Ó Springer-Verlag 2011 Abstract Many scientists have recently alarmed natural Antakya, Iskenderun, Hassa, Kirikhan, Samandag, Payas, hazards due to global climate change. Such natural disasters Arsuz, Altinozu, Kumlu and Hacipasa regions have the most are coastal inundation in response to sea-level rise, and/or sensitivity to earthquake disaster in the study region. river flooding caused by heavy rain falls, additionally earthquakes and, etc. In terms of natural hazards, one of the Keywords Digital terrain analysis Á Structural geology Á most sensitive and culturally significant areas in Turkey is Natural hazard risk interpretation Á Coastal flood risk Á the Hatay province in the east Mediterranean region. The River flood risk Á Earthquake risk Á Hatay-Turkey Hatay province is located on such a region which is not only vulnerable to coastal inundation and river flooding, but also is a tectonically and seismically sensitive area. In this study, Introduction for taking conservation measures against the natural hazards beforehand and decision-making on any future land-plan- The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) ning; a digital terrain model and a 3D fly-through model of have recently reported a considerable acceleration (increas- the Hatay province were generated; then quantitatively and/ ing speed) of the global mean sea-level rise (MSLR) due to or qualitatively interpreted by employing the Shuttle Radar global climate change and the global MSLR has been Topographic Mission digital elevation model. -
Trade and Transport in Late Roman Syria Christopher Wade Fletcher University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville ScholarWorks@UARK Theses and Dissertations 5-2016 Trade and Transport in Late Roman Syria Christopher Wade Fletcher University of Arkansas, Fayetteville Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd Part of the Archaeological Anthropology Commons, Geographic Information Sciences Commons, Near and Middle Eastern Studies Commons, Remote Sensing Commons, and the Social and Cultural Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation Fletcher, Christopher Wade, "Trade and Transport in Late Roman Syria" (2016). Theses and Dissertations. 1594. http://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/1594 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Trade and Transport in Late Roman Syria A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Anthropology Christopher Fletcher University of Arkansas Fayetteville Bachelor of Arts in Anthropology Spring 2013 Bachelor of Arts in History Fall 2013 May 2016 University of Arkansas This thesis is approved for recommendation to the Graduate Council Dr. Jesse Casana Thesis Director Dr. Kenneth L. Kvamme Committee Member Dr. Wesley D. Stoner Committee Member Abstract Despite the relative notoriety and miraculous level of preservation of the Dead Cities of Syria, fundamental questions of economic and subsistence viability remain unanswered. In the 1950s Georges Tchalenko theorized that these sites relied on intensive olive monoculture to mass export olive oil to urban centers. Later excavations discovered widespread cultivation of grains, fruit, and beans which directly contradicted Tchalenko’s assertion of sole reliance on oleoculture. -
The University of Chicago the Spaces Between the Teeth
THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO THE SPACES BETWEEN THE TEETH: ENVIRONMENT, SETTLEMENT, AND INTERACTION ON THE ISLAMIC-BYZANTINE FRONTIER VOLUME ONE A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE DIVISION OF THE HUMANITIES IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF NEAR EASTERN LANGUAGES AND CIVILIZATIONS BY A. ASA EGER CHICAGO, ILLINOIS AUGUST 2008 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO THE SPACES BETWEEN THE TEETH: ENVIRONMENT, SETTLEMENT, AND INTERACTION ON THE ISLAMIC-BYZANTINE FRONTIER VOLUME TWO A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE DIVISION OF THE HUMANITIES IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF NEAR EASTERN LANGUAGES AND CIVILIZATIONS BY A. ASA EGER CHICAGO, ILLINOIS AUGUST 2008 TABLE OF CONTENTS VOLUME ONE TABLE OF CONTENTS .............................................................................................. iv LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................... ix LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................... xii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................ xiii ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................ xvi ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................... xviii CHAPTER ONE ............................................................................................................ -
Abstract Keywords Distribution and Impacts of Carassius Species
ISSN 1989‐8649 Manag. Biolog. Invasions, 2011, 2 Abstract Distribution and impacts of Carassius species (Cyprinidae) in Turkey: a review Biological invasions have caused considerable disruption to native Deniz INNAL ecosystems throughout the world through predation, habitat alteration, competition and hybridisation with Introduction, Hypotheses and species have been introduced in native species and introduction of Problems for Management Turkey as eggs, fry or fingerlings for diseases or parasites. Species of the different purposes over the last five genus Carassius [C. auratus (Linnaeus, In Europe, three species of the decades. Some of these fish have 1758), C. carassius (Linnaeus, 1758) and genus Carassius Nilsson 1832, are been used only in closed systems C. gibelio (Bloch, 1782)] were known; the goldfish, Carassius while others have been released transported to numerous inland water auratus (Linnaeus, 1758), the into open inland waters throughout bodies throughout Turkey. Species are crucian carp, Carassius carassius the country (Innal & Erk’akan 2006). now considered a threat factor for (Linnaeus, 1758) and the prusian Freshwater fish introductions may native species. The purpose of this (gibel) carp, Carassius gibelio (Bloch, result in impacts as a result of one study is to review the current 1782) (Ozulug et al. 2004). or many undesirable characteristics, distribution and ecological impacts of including: competition, habitat species in the inland waters of Turkey. Whereas C. carassius is alteration, parasitism, predation, native to Turkey, the other two hybridisation, alteration of habitat Keywords species of the genus Carassius were quality and/or ecosystem function, introduced to inland waters of host of pests or parasites (Copp et Carassius carassius, C. -
Chapter 3 - Hydroelectric Energy
CHAPTER 3 - HYDROELECTRIC ENERGY Kemer Sarıyar Dam& Dam& HEPP HEPP Type: Type: Concrete Concrete Gravity Gravity Purpose: Purpose: Irrigation, Energy Flood Installed Control, Capacity : Energy :160 MW Installed h (thalweg): Capacity : 90m 48 MW h (thalweg): Location: 108m Ankara Location: Construction Date: Aydın 1950-1956 Construction Date: 1954-1958 65 CHAPTER 3 - HYDROELECTRIC ENERGY Boyabat Karakaya Dam& Dam& HEPP HEPP Type: Type: Concrete Concrete Gravity Gravity Arch River: Kızılırmak Purpose: Aim: Energy Energy 513 MW 1,800MW 7,000GW 1500 GW h(talveg): h (thalweg): 173m 150m Place: Sinop River &Location: Construction Fırat- Date: Diyarbakır 2007-2012 Body Volume: Body Volume: 2.3 hm3 2 hm3 Construction Lake Volume Date: &Area 1976-1987 1.4 Billionm3- 65km2 Lake Volume 10 Billionm3 66 CHAPTER 3 - HYDROELECTRIC ENERGY Gokcekaya Oymapınar Dam& Dam& HEPP HEPP Type: Type: Double Double Curvature Curvature Arch Arch Purpose: Purpose: Energy Energy Installed Installed Capacity: Capacity: 278 MW 540 MW h (thalweg): h (thalweg): 115 m 185 m Location: Location: Eskişehir Antalya Construction Construction Date: Date: 1967-1972 1977-1984 67 CHAPTER 3 - HYDROELECTRIC ENERGY Ermenek Deriner Dam& Dam& HEPP HEPP Type:Double Type: Curvature Double Arch Curvature Purpose: Arch Energy Installed Purpose: Capacity: Energy 670 MW Installed Capacity: h(talweg): 306 MW 247m River and h(talveg): Location: 210 m Coruh-Artvin Body Location: Volume: Karaman 3hm3 Lake Volume Construction &Area Date: 2 Billionm3- 1977-2010 26km2 Construction Date: 1998 -2013 -
Determination of Benthic Macroinvertebrate Fauna and Some Physicochemical Properties of Kanak Dam Lake (Şarkışla–Sivas)
EISSN 2602-473X AQUATIC SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING Aquat Sci Eng 2021; 36(1): 1-10 • DOI: https://doi.org/10.26650/ASE2020699151 Original Article Determination of Benthic Macroinvertebrate Fauna and Some Physicochemical Properties of Kanak Dam Lake (Şarkışla–Sivas) Menekşe Taş Divrik1 , Meliha Öz Laçin2 , Kadir Kalkan1 , Sinan Yurtoğlu1 Cite this article as: Tas Divrik, M., Oz Lacin, M., Kalkan, K., & Yurtoglu, S. (2021). Determination of benthic macroinvertebrate fauna and some physicochemical properties of Kanak Dam Lake (Şarkışla–Sivas). Aquatic Sciences and Engineering, 36(1), 1-10. ABSTRACT This paper aims to identify the benthic macroinvertebrate fauna and some physicochemical char- acteristics of Kanak Dam Lake located in Şarkışla, Sivas. For this, water and sediment samples were taken from 4 stations of the lake between August 2016 to July 2017 at monthly intervals, and a detailed physicochemical analysis was carried out on these samples. While the identification of benthic macroinvertebrates was made to the lowest possible taxa (species, genus or families), some physicochemical characteristics of the lake water such as temperature, pH, electrical conduc- tivity, dissolved oxygen, SO4, PO4, NO3-N, NO2-N, Mg, Ca, total hardness, salinity and Cl levels were determined using various titrimetric and spectrophotometric methods. As a result, a total of ORCID IDs of the author: 30 taxa were identified and were classified as Oligochaeta, Chironomidae, Gastropoda and other M.T.D. 0000-0002-4828-2575; Insecta (Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera, Hemiptera (adult), Odonata, Plecoptera and larval Coleop- M.Ö.L. 0000-0002-3014-8060; tera). All the identified taxa were determined as the first records for the lake. -
Additional Records for the Odonata Fauna of East Mediterranean Region of Turkey
_____________Mun. Ent. Zool. Vol. 1, No. 2, June 2006__________ 239 ADDITIONAL RECORDS FOR THE ODONATA FAUNA OF EAST MEDITERRANEAN REGION OF TURKEY Ali Salur* and Suat Kıyak** * Hitit University, Sciences and Arts Faculty, Department of Biology, 19030, Çorum / TURKEY. e-mail: [email protected] ** Gazi Üniversitesi, Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi, Biyoloji Bölümü, 06500 Ankara/TÜRKİYE, e- mail: [email protected] [Salur, A. & Kıyak, S. 2006. Additional records for the Odonata fauna of East Mediterranean Region of Turkey. Munis Entomology & Zoology 1 (2): 239-252] ABSTRACT: In this study, odonatan specimens collected from the provinces Mersin, Adana, Hatay, Kahramanmaraş and Osmaniye in East Mediterranean region of Turkey, July- September in 2002 and April-August in 2003 have been established faunistically. It has been determined that they belong to 52 species and subspecies of 25 genera of 9 families. It discovered that Ischnura intermedia is a new record for fauna of the research area. KEY WORDS: Odonata, Additional records, East Mediterranean region, Turkey There have been many studies reported about the Odonata fauna of Turkey until now. Among these Demirsoy (1982) and Demirsoy (1995) (unpublished project report) were the detailed ones. The research area was studied by Ardıç & Uygun at 1996 as a presentation called “Doğu Akdeniz Bölgesi Odonata faunasının saptanması”. They reported that 43 species belonging to Odonata had been determined. Materials belonging to Ardıç and Uygun are stored at the museum of Çukurova University Faculty of Agriculture, Plant Protection Department. As a result of a careful investigation on the samples of the museum, it mistakes were determined in the identification of some species. -
Years of Drought: a Report on the Effects of Drought on the Syrian Peninsula
Years of Drought: A Report on the Effects of Drought on the Syrian Peninsula By Massoud Ali Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. General overview on water resources and the agricultural industry in Syria 3. The Syrian peninsula 4. The drought and its causes 5. The impact and effects of the drought 6. The Syrian government’s response to the crisis 7. National solutions 8. Humanitarian and international assistance 9. Recommendations 10. Bibliography © 2010 Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung - Middle East Office 1 Years of Drought: A Report on the Effects of Drought on the Syrian Peninsula By Massoud Ali 1. Introduction The Euphrates River is considered the most important river in Syria. Its course runs Years of drought have affected the eastern through the northern region from Turkey and northeastern regions of Syria, towards the eastern region and the Syrian comprised of the governorates of al-Raqqa, peninsula, passing through the governorates Deir al-Zor and al-Hasaka, which are also of al-Raqqa and Deir al-Zor into Iraq. The known as the Syrian “peninsula” or “jazira”. Syrian state depends primarily on this river The peninsula region has the largest tracts for generating electricity and investing in the of arable lands in Syria, and is considered area known as the Euphrates River the (agricultural) backbone of the country. agricultural basin. The largest dam in the area, the Euphrates Dam, was also built on Agriculture is considered one of the most this river, forming the Lake Assad reservoir important sectors in Syria. Other than trade in its wake. and agro-industry, the Syrian economy is highly dependent on agricultural production.