JB APUSH Unit
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George Edmunds of Vermont: Republican Half-Breed
As much as any U. S. Senator of the post-Civil War genera tion, George F. Edmunds represents the character, ideas, and influence of a particular wing of the Republican Party.... George Edmunds of Vermont: Republican Half-Breed By RICHARD E. WELCH, JR. AMONG the major New England politicians of the post-Civil War J-\. generation, one of the more elusive is George F. Edmunds of Vermont. A United States senator torm 1866 to 1891, he was recognized by leaders of both parties as one of the hardest workers iri the senate and perhaps its ablest constitutional lawyer. After his retirement from politics, he was a highly successful corporation lawyer, a prominent spokesman for the Anti-Imperialist movement of 1898-1900, and a family monarch until his death in 1919 at the age of ninety-one. His was a full and an active life, but it has received little attention from historians. There exists no biography of Edmunds, nor even a biographi cal notice later than the publication of the Dictionary of American Biography in 1931. He has faded into the shadow-land reserved for the footnote figures of American history. One reason for this is the absence of a collection of "Edmunds Papers." There is a strong correlation between the size of a man's documentary legacy and the fascination he holds for historians. Ed munds left orders that all his personal papers be burned upon his death, and they were. There are, of course, other possible reasons for Edmunds' neglect by the historical profession. The biographer who seeks a colorful subject would not find Edmunds attractive. -
Uniting Mugwumps and the Masses: the Role of Puck in Gilded Age Politics, 1880-1884
Uniting Mugwumps and the Masses: The Role of Puck in Gilded Age Politics, 1880-1884 Daniel Henry Backer McLean, Virginia B.A., University of Notre Dame, 1994 A Thesis presented to 1he Graduate Faculty of the University of Virginia in Candidacy for the Degree of Master of Arts Department of English University of Virginia August 1996 WARNING! The document you now hold in your hands is a feeble reproduction of an experiment in hypertext. In the waning years of the twentieth century, a crude network of computerized information centers formed a system called the Internet; one particular format of data retrieval combined text and digital images and was known as the World Wide Web. This particular project was designed for viewing through Netscape 2.0. It can be found at http://xroads.virginia.edu/~MA96/PUCK/ If you are able to locate this Website, you will soon realize it is a superior resource for the presentation of such a highly visual magazine as Puck. 11 Table of Contents Introduction 1 I) A Brief History of Cartoons 5 II) Popular and Elite Political Culture 13 III) A Popular Medium 22 "Our National Dog Show" 32 "Inspecting the Democratic Curiosity Shop" 35 Caricature and the Carte-de-Viste 40 The Campaign Against Grant 42 EndNotes 51 Bibliography 54 1 wWhy can the United States not have a comic paper of its own?" enquired E.L. Godkin of The Nation, one of the most distinguished intellectual magazines of the Gilded Age. America claimed a host of popular and insightful raconteurs as its own, from Petroleum V. -
Politics in the Gilded Age
Politics in the Gilded Age MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW Terms & Names Local and national political Political reforms paved the way •political machine •James A. Garfield corruption in the 19th for a more honest and efficient •graft •Chester A. Arthur century led to calls for government in the 20th century •Boss Tweed •Pendleton Civil reform. and beyond. •patronage Service Act •civil service •Grover Cleveland •Rutherford B. •Benjamin Hayes Harrison One American's Story Mark Twain described the excesses of the late 19th centu- ry in a satirical novel, The Gilded Age, a collaboration with the writer Charles Dudley Warner. The title of the book has since come to represent the period from the 1870s to the 1890s. Twain mocks the greed and self-indulgence of his characters, including Philip Sterling. A PERSONAL VOICE MARK TWAIN AND CHARLES DUDLEY WARNER “ There are many young men like him [Philip Sterling] in American society, of his age, opportunities, education and abilities, who have really been educated for nothing and have let themselves drift, in the hope that they will find somehow, and by some sudden turn of good luck, the golden road to fortune. He saw people, all around him, poor yesterday, rich to-day, who had come into sud- den opulence by some means which they could not have classified among any of the regular occupations of life.” —The Gilded Age ▼ A luxurious Twain’s characters find that getting rich quick is more difficult than they had apartment thought it would be. Investments turn out to be worthless; politicians’ bribes eat building rises up their savings. -
The Road to Election and Initial Impact of FDR Kiana Frederick Leading up to the Election of 1932
The Road to Election and Initial Impact of FDR Kiana Frederick Leading Up to the Election of 1932 ● FDR’s main campaign strategy was to focus the public’s attention on Hoover’s inadequacies and the Nation’s troubles. ● His strategy allowed for him to put down Hoover while promising better days ahead if he was president. ● This promise was NOT backed up with any specific policies or programs that he would change or create. Lead up to the Election of 1932 ● Herbert Hoover was the president prior to the election of 1932 ● Prior to the election, five thousand banks had failed, and by the end of 1932, one third of the nation’s workforce was unemployed. ● Farm income had declined from 12 million dollars in 1929 to 5 million dollars by the end of 1932. ● Herbert Hoover’s popularity decreased significantly because of his inability to reverse the economic collapse. Map of the Election of 1932 The Election of 1932 ● Democrats had only elected one president since 1896 ● Franklin D. Roosevelt v.s Herbert Hoover ● FDR would be a shoo-in for the election ● FDR would promise a “New Deal” for the American people ● The election marked the end of the “Fourth Party System” and would commence the “Fifth Party System” Fourth Party System and Fifth Party System The Fourth party System marks the period in political history that was dominated by the republican party, also known as the “Progressive Era.” The Great Depression served as the springboard. The election in 1932 would be a realigning election giving way to the Fifth Party System. -
The Unitary Executive During the Second Half-Century
THE UNITARY EXECUTIVE DURING THE SECOND HALF-CENTURY * STEVEN G. CALABRESI ** CHRISTOPHER S. YOO I. INTRODUCTION .....................................................668 II. THE UNITARY EXECUTIVE DURING THE JACKSONIAN PERIOD, 1837-1861 .........................669 A. Martin Van Buren .................................................670 B. William H. Harrison ..............................................678 C. John Tyler...............................................................682 D. James K. Polk..........................................................688 E. Zachary Taylor.......................................................694 F. Millard Fillmore.....................................................698 G. Franklin Pierce.......................................................704 H. James Buchanan .....................................................709 III. THE UNITARY EXECUTIVE DURING THE CIVIL WAR, 1861-1869 ..................................717 A. Abraham Lincoln....................................................718 B. Andrew Johnson.....................................................737 C. The Tenure of Office Act and the Impeachment of Andrew Johnson .................................................746 IV. THE UNITARY EXECUTIVE DURING THE GILDED AGE, 1869-1889................................759 A. Ulysses S. Grant ....................................................759 B. Rutherford B. Hayes...............................................769 C. James A. Garfield....................................................780 D. Chester -
Accidental Presidents and the Vice Presidency 1 Presented to the Department O
1 The Inadvertent Inheritors of the Moon and Stars: Accidental Presidents and the Vice Presidency 1 Presented to the Department of Government in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree with honors of Bachelor of Arts Harvard College March 2013 1This title is inspired by Vice President Harry S. Truman’s statement upon hearing the news of President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s death: “I felt like the moon, the stars, and all the planets had fallen on me.” 2 Table of Contents Chapter One: Introduction ................................................................................. 3 Research and Methodology ................................................................................................. 8 Thesis Statement ................................................................................................................... 8 Significance .......................................................................................................................... 13 Overview.............................................................................................................................. 16 Chapter Two: Theoretical Discussion and Literature Review ....................... 17 Literature Review ................................................................................................................ 17 Theory Building and Discussion of Variables ................................................................ 21 Theory Summation ............................................................................................................ -
1 Constitutional Choices: Political Parties, Groups, and Prohibition
Constitutional Choices: Political Parties, Groups, and Prohibition Politics in the United States Aaron J. Ley, Ph.D. University of Rhode Island Department of Political Science 206 Washburn Hall Kingston, RI 02881 [email protected] 401.874.7893 Cornell W. Clayton Washington State University School of Politics, Philosophy, and Public Affairs Johnson Tower 814 Pullman, WA [email protected] Abstract: The Prohibition-Era is an exceptional period of American history spawning the only constitutional amendment ever to grant a specific police power to the federal government, as well as the first effort to repeal a constitutional amendment. Most accounts of the Eighteenth and Twenty First Amendments to the U.S. Constitution focus on the temperance movement and interest groups while largely ignoring the role played by major political parties. This is because prohibition split the electoral coalitions of both major parties and support for the amendment was thus characterized as “bipartisan” or “non-partisan” in nature. In this paper, we argue that partisan politics is an integral part of the constitutional politics of this period. The split in the parties’ political coalitions, together with the unsettled and closely divided nature of electoral politics during the transition from the third to the fourth party systems, played an important role, perhaps the key role in enactment of the Eighteenth Amendment, permitting its passage even as neither national party supported it. The Eighteenth Amendment thus is the only constitutional amendment since the founding period to be enacted without supported of one or both of the major political parties. The national political parties also played a role in enactment of the Twenty First Amendment, supporting tacitly or explicitly the repeal of prohibition. -
Chapter 8 Political Party
Chapter Eight Political Parties 1 Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Learning Outcomes 2 8.1 Define the role political parties play in the U.S. political system. 8.2 Identify the three major components of the political party and describe how each contributes to overall party coherence. 8.3 Explain why political parties formed in the United States and evaluate how their strength and importance has changed over time. 8.4 Compare and contrast the demographics of people who identify as Democrats and Republicans; explain how party positions differ on economic and social issues. 8.5 Summarize the factors that reinforce a two-party system and explain why third parties are rarely successful at winning national elections. 8.6 Discuss the rise of political independents and evaluate how this change might impact American politics. Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. What Is a Political Party and What Do Parties Do? 3 o Getting Organized: The Three Components of a Party o Party-in-the-electorate o Party organization o Party in government Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. What Is a Political Party and What Do Parties Do? 4 © ZUMA Inc/Alamy ZUMA Press, © A California Tea Party supporter hold her sign at the annual tax day rally on April 15, 2012. Why does the Tea party claim that it is not a political party although it endorses candidates and works for their election? Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. What Is a Political Party and What Do Parties Do? 5 o Party Organization o The National Convention o Convention delegates o Party platform o National committee o The State Party Organization o Local Party Organizations Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. -
Theodore Roosevelt, Henry Cabot Lodge, and the 1884 Republican National Convention by Edward Kohn, Bilkent University
Crossing the Rubicon: Theodore Roosevelt, Henry Cabot Lodge, and the 1884 Republican National Convention by Edward Kohn, Bilkent University In 1884, a twenty-five-year-old Theodore Roosevelt attended the Republican National Convention in Chicago as a delegate-at-large from New York. There, he and his new friend, Massachusetts delegate Henry Cabot Lodge, backed George Edmunds of Vermont against their party's overwhelming choice, the "Plumed Knight," James G. Blaine. Despite their energetic efforts, which received national attention, Blaine easily secured the nomination, and both Lodge and Roosevelt eventually backed the party's choice. For Lodge biographers, the Chicago convention represented Lodge's "personal Rubicon," the "turning point" of his career, leading to "the great- est crisis of Lodge's political life."1 Roosevelt historians also see the convention as "one of the crucial events of Theodore's life," "the great and deciding moment of TR's life," leading to "the most agonizing dilemma of his political career."2 The usual story of the convention is that by backing Blaine against the wishes of other Independent Republicans, both Lodge and Roosevelt did great damage to their immediate careers by alienating their natural allies. This led to Lodge losing his race for Congress that same fall and to Roosevelt fleeing west to his Dakota ranch with his political future uncertain. Moreover, Roosevelt's decision is often depicted as the moment he became a professional politician. David McCullough writes that the convention "marked the point at which he chose—had to choose— whether to cross the line and become a party man, a professional politician," while John Morton Blum asserts that by campaigning for Blaine, "Roosevelt declared not only for Blaine but also for professionalism."3 . -
Pennsylvania and the Presidency: a Twain That Seldom Meets
Pennsylvania and the Presidency: A Twain That Seldom Meets ENNSYLVANIA’S DISMAL RECORD in producing presidents and pres- idential candidates comprises one of the enduring riddles of PAmerican political history. It is all the more surprising given the size of the state’s electoral vote, the skills of its political leaders, and the campaign resources it has made available to presidential candidates. Pennsylvania claims but one president as a favorite son: James Buchanan, elected in 1856. Ironically, few presidents have been more prepared to assume the duties of the presidency than the “sage of Wheatland.” But the verdict of history has not been kind to Buchanan. Indeed, some observers have suggested that his leadership failure during the sectional crisis means the nation will never again entrust the presidency to a Pennsylvanian. That is not to say that Pennsylvanians have not had their chances to take the White House. In 1880, the Democrats nominated Winfield Scott Hancock to be the party’s standard bearer against another general, James A. Garfield of Ohio. Known as “Hancock the Superb,” he had made his reputation at the Battle of Gettysburg in 1863. Noted for his personal integrity, a rare and welcome public asset in the age of “Grantism” and robber barons, he had been a perennial contender for the nomination. The retirement of Rutherford B. Hayes and the close balance of the parties meant that any northern Democrat would have a good chance at victory. Hancock was a viable candidate in part because he had not been tarred by the pervasive corruption of the era and had taken no controversial stands on monetary policy, a constant source of political controversy in the late nineteenth century. -
The Gilded Age Chapter
Name: Block: Ms. Vertucci & Mr. Zablocki Unit 1: The Gilded Age Chapter #23: Political Paralysis in the Gilded Age Key Concepts: As you take notes on this chapter be familiar with the following key concepts from US History that relate to your reading. • Dramatic social changes in the period inspired political debates over citizenship, corruption, and the proper relationship between business and government. • The major political parties appealed to lingering divisions from the Civil War and contended over tariffs and currency issues, even as reformers argued that economic greed and selfinterest had corrupted all levels of government. • In an urban atmosphere where the access to power was unequally distributed, political machines thrived, in part by providing immigrants and the poor with social services. • A variety of perspectives on the economy and labor developed during a time of financial panics and downturns. • Some argued that laissezfaire policies and competition promoted economic growth in the long run, and they opposed government intervention during economic downturns. • Despite the industrialization of some segments of the Southern economy — a change promoted by Southern leaders who called for a “New South” — agriculture based on sharecropping and tenant farming continued to be the primary economic activity in the South. • Many women sought greater equality with men, often joining voluntary organizations, going to college, promoting social and political reform, and, like Jane Addams, working in settlement houses to help immigrants adapt to U.S. language and customs. Questions/Ideas: Be able to answer the following key questions or know the following key ideas ● Grant’s presidency and scandals ● Financial debates over gold, silver coinage, paper currency, and the tariff ● Partisan politics and the growth of political parties; Republican vs. -
Urban Political Machines
Good, bad and ugly POLITICS IN THE GILDED AGE THE GILDED AGE The Gilded Age in United States history is the late 19th century, from the 1870s to about 1900. The term was coined by writer Mark Twain in The Gilded Age: A Tale of Today (1873), which satirized an era of serious social problems masked by a thin layer of gold leafing THE EMERGENCE OF THE POLITICAL MACHINE Late 1800’s Cities experience rapid growth under inefficient government Influenced by Social Darwinism 1. Cities receptive to a new power structure 2. The political machine 3. Run by the city boss WHAT IS A POLITICAL MACHINE? An organized group that controls the activities of a political party. City Boss May or may not be mayor Controlled access to municipal jobs & business licenses Influenced courts & other municipal agencies Ward Bosses & Precinct Captains First or Second generation immigrants WHAT IS A POLITICAL MACHINE? It offers favors to voters in exchange for votes FAVORS: Help finding jobs Emergency housing after fire Help with the law Free food and beer at block parties for machine candidates Some help for new immigrants GRAFT (the illegal use of office for personal gain) Bosses steal elections (through intimidation & fraud) Kickbacks Favors to business in exchange for $$$ WILLIAM “BOSS” TWEED Head of Tammany Hall’s “political machine” 1863 – 1871 Tweed Ring stole millions from NYC 50% of NYC bills phony Court house $350,000 estimate, but cost $13,000,000 Indicted in 1871 on 120 counts of fraud & extortion Escaped prison ‘73, captured in Spain ‘75 TWEED VS.