Name: Block: Ms. Vertucci & Mr. Zablocki Unit 1: The Gilded Age

Chapter #23: Political Paralysis in the Gilded Age Key Concepts: As you take notes on this chapter be familiar with the following key concepts from US ​ History that relate to your reading. • Dramatic social changes in the period inspired political debates over citizenship, corruption, and the proper relationship between business and government. • The major political parties appealed to lingering divisions from the Civil War and contended over tariffs and currency issues, even as reformers argued that economic greed and self­interest had corrupted all levels of government. • In an urban atmosphere where the access to power was unequally distributed, political machines thrived, in part by providing immigrants and the poor with social services. • A variety of perspectives on the economy and labor developed during a time of financial panics and downturns. • Some argued that laissez­faire policies and competition promoted economic growth in the long run, and they opposed government intervention during economic downturns. • Despite the industrialization of some segments of the Southern economy — a change promoted by Southern leaders who called for a “New South” — agriculture based on sharecropping and tenant farming continued to be the primary economic activity in the South. • Many women sought greater equality with men, often joining voluntary organizations, going to college, promoting social and political reform, and, like Jane Addams, working in settlement houses to help immigrants adapt to U.S. language and customs.

Questions/Ideas: Be able to answer the following key questions or know the following key ideas ​ ● Grant’s presidency and scandals ● Financial debates over gold, silver coinage, paper currency, and the tariff ● Partisan politics and the growth of political parties; Republican vs. Democratic support in the Gilded Age ● The effects of the end of Reconstruction policies in the South, in particularly for black Americans ● The experience of Chinese immigrants ● Laissez Faire government philosophy ● The rise of the Populist Party and their political ideas

1 Chapter #23 Identifications “Waving the Bloody Shirt”

Fisk – Gould Gold Scam

Tweed Ring

Thomas Nast

Credit Mobilier Scandal

Whiskey Ring

Liberal Republicans

Horace Greeley

Panic of 1873

“Hard Money”

“Crime of 73”

“Stalwarts” vs. “Half­breeds”

2 Rutherford B. Hayes

Samuel Tilden

Compromise of 1877

Civil Rights Act of 1875

“Redeemers”

Sharecropping

Jim Crow Laws

Plessy v. Ferguson

Great Railroad Strike

Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882

James A. Garfield

Chester A. Arthur

3 Pendleton Act of 1883

Grover Cleveland

“Mugwump”

James G. Blaine

Benjamin Harrison

“Billion Dollar Congress”

McKinley Tariff of 1893

Populist Party

Homestead Steel Strike

Panic of 1893

Sherman Silver

Purchase Act of 1890

4 Wilson Gorman Tariff of 1890

5 Chapter #23 Guided Reading 1. The "Bloody Shirt" Elects Grant a. Know: Ulysses S. Grant, Horatio Seymour, “Waving the Bloody Shirt”, Grant’s background & reasons for victory

2. The Era of Good Stealings a. Know: Fisk & Gould Gold Scandal, Boss Tweed, Graft, Thomas Nast, Samuel J. Tilden

3. A Carnival of Corruption a. Know: Credit Mobilier, Whiskey Ring, Scandals of Grant’s Presidency

4. The Liberal Republican Revolt of 1872 a. Know: Liberal Republicans, Horace Greeley b. Why did Liberal Republicans nominate Horace Greeley for the presidency in 1872? c. Why was he a less than ideal candidate?

5. Depression and Demands for Inflation a. Know: Panic of 1873, Greenbacks, Hard­money, Crime of '73, Contraction, Soft­money, b. Why did the Panic of 1873 occur? c. Why did some people want greenbacks and silver dollars? d. Why did others oppose these kinds of currency?

6. Pallid Politics in the Gilded Age a. Know: Stalwarts, Roscoe Conkling, Half­Breeds, James G. Blaine b. What were the similarities between the Democrats and Republicans during this era of party politics? c. What were the differences that created such fierce competition between these political parties?

7. The Hayes­Tilden Standoff, 1876 a. Know: Rutherford B. Hayes, Samuel J. Tilden b. Why were the results of the 1876 election in doubt?

6 8. The Compromise of 1877 and the End of Reconstruction ​ a. Know: Compromise of 1877, Civil Rights Cases (1883) b. What were the various effects of the Compromise of 1877?

9. The Birth of Jim Crow in the Post­Reconstruction South a. Know: Redeemers, Sharecropping, tenant farming, Jim Crow laws, Plessy v. Ferguson b. What were the effects of the end of Reconstruction on Southern blacks?

10. Class Conflicts and Ethnic Clashes a. Know: Great Railroad Strike of 1877, Chinese Exclusion Act b. What were the reasons for the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882? c. Makes of America: The Chinese

11. Garfield and Arthur a. Know: James A. Garfield, Charles J. Guiteau, Chester A. Arthur, Pendleton Act of 1883 b. What were the effects of the assassination of President James A. Garfield?

12. The Blaine­Cleveland Mudslingers of 1884 a. Know: James G. Blaine, Mugwumps, Grover Cleveland, “Old Grover" Takes Over

13. Cleveland Battles for a Lower Tariff a. Explain the debate behind tariff rates at this time period in US History. b. What was Cleveland’s stance?

14. The Billion Dollar Congress a. Know: Benjamin Harrison, Thomas Reed, McKinley Tariff Act of 1890 b. Explain why the tariff was detrimental to American farmers.

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15. The Drumbeat of Discontent a. Know: Populists, Homestead Steel Strike b. What were the political principles of the Populists? c. What prevented the populists from further expanding their power?

16. Cleveland and Depression a. Know: Grover Cleveland, Depression of 1893, “free silver” Sherman Silver Purchase Act b. Explain the effects that the Panic of 1893 had on debates about gold, silver, and currency?

17. Cleveland Breeds a Backlash a. Know: Wilson Gorman Tariff b. What was the overall legacy of American presidents from the period 1868 – 1896?

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