Quantifiers and Selection : on the Distribution of Quantifying Expressions in French, Dutch and English Doetjes, J.S

Quantifiers and Selection : on the distribution of quantifying expressions in French, Dutch and English Doetjes, J.S. Citation Doetjes, J. S. (1997, November 27). Quantifiers and Selection : on the distribution of quantifying expressions in French, Dutch and English. Holland Academic Graphics, Leiden. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/1887/19731 Version: Not Applicable (or Unknown) Licence agreement concerning inclusion of doctoral thesis in the License: Institutional Repository of the University of Leiden Downloaded from: https://hdl.handle.net/1887/19731 Note: To cite this publication please use the final published version (if applicable). Quantifiers and Selection Quantifiers and Selection On the Distribution of Quantifying Expressions in French, Dutch and English Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van Doctor aan de Rijksuniversiteit te Leiden, op gezag van de Rector Magnificus Dr. W.A. Wagenaar, hoogleraar in de faculteit der Sociale Wetenschappen, volgens besluit van het College van Dekanen te verdedigen op donderdag 27 november 1997 te klokke 15.15 uur door J ENNY S ANDRA D OETJES geboren te Leidschendam in 1965 Promotiecommissie promotor: Prof. dr. J.G. Kooij co-promotor: Dr. T.A. Hoekstra referent: Prof. dr. J.E.C.V. Rooryck overige leden: Dr. H. de Hoop (Rijksuniversiteit Utrecht) Prof. dr. H.E. de Swart (Rijksuniversiteit Utrecht) CIP-GEGEVENS KONINKLIJKE BIBLIOTHEEK, DEN HAAG Doetjes, Jenny Sandra Quantifiers and Selection — On the Distribution of Quantifying Expressions in French, Dutch and English / Jenny Sandra Doetjes. — The Hague : Holland Academic Graphics. — (HIL dissertations ; 32) Proefschrift Rijksuniversiteit Leiden. — Met lit. opg. ISBN NUGI 941 Trefw.: syntaxis, semantiek, kwantificatie ISBN © 1997 by Jenny Doetjes. All rights reserved Printed by ICG Printing, Dordrecht Acknowledgements In the orignal acknowledgements of my dissertation (that you can read below) I was not allowed to thank my advisor Teun Hoekstra. As many linguists know, Leiden University still sticks to an odd rule in their so-called ‘promotieregelement’ which disallows Leiden PhDs explicitely to show gratitude to their advisors. Even though this is an unrevised version of the dissertation (all bugs are still there), I make an exception for the big omission in these acknowledgements. When I first took a class in generative syntax with Teun, I really felt this was what I wanted to know more about. Linguists who have not had the opportunity to sit in in his classes really missed something. Thinking of the way he would stand near the blackboard, squibble an analysis on it, and say: ‘Mooi, hè?’ (Isn’t it beautiful?) still makes me smile. And then he would continue, with an even wider grin on his face: ‘But it cannot be true!’ which was followed by his own analysis. Teun’s love for linguistics and his encouragements have played a major role in my choice to become a linguist. When I was finishing my thesis, Teun was already very ill. Yet, he has read all chapters and he has given valuable comments, for which I am very grateful. In the Linguistics Department in Leiden, writing a thesis almost becomes some sort of a social activity, which was quite fortunate for me. I want to thank all PhD students, visitors, post-docs and staff members in the department and in HIL for their contribution to the lively, international working environment. I would like to mention a few of them in particular: my (former) office mates Astrid Ferdinand, Marjan Grootveld, Anikó Lipták and Graz˙yna Rowicka; Martin Honcoop, with whom I had many interesting (and heated) discussions on event-related readings; as well as Ana Arregui and Krisztina Polgárdi. Thanks to Jeroen van de Weijer and José Birker for their friendly help with all sorts of practical matters. When I started my undergraduate studies in this department, the inspiring atmosphere, the enthusiasm of the professors and the many interesting courses have been a determining factor in my choice to become a linguist. Besides the careful comments of the members of my thesis committee, I received useful comments on (parts of) the manuscript from Ana Arregui, João Costa, Marcel den Dikken, Marjon Helmantel and Rint Sybesma. During the last weeks of writing, Ana helped me out with a number of particularly recalcitrant passages. Special thanks to Marcel, who found time in his very busy schedule to carefully read the manuscript and to correct my English. Thanks also to René Mulder for professional help with the tree diagrams. Obviously, all usual disclaimers apply. Without my informants, this research would not have been possible. The following people provided me with their judgements on French: Christiane Bernard, Gilles Boyes, Frédéric and Fatima Marin, Rose-Marie Déchaine, Elisabeth Delais, Françoise Flesch, Florence Guardia, Myriam Landard and Nathalie Lesgourgues. Un grand merci à vous tous! Thanks also to Becca Gross and Michael Redford for English judgements, to my family and my Dutch colleagues for helping me to get the Dutch judgements clear, and to Rint Sybesma and Lisa Cheng for their help with the Chinese data. During the past five years, I had several opportunities to travel abroad with support of the faculty of arts of Leiden University and the Dutch Organization for Scientific Research NWO. In the fall of 1994 I spent a semester at UMass in Amherst, where I had a chance to study with Angelika Kratzer, which was very fruitful. Thanks also to Marga Petter, with whom I shared an appartment during this period. Thinking of UMass brings back the memory of the salsa workshops organized by Elisabeth Villalta and Maribel Romero... At the LSA Summer Institute in Ohio, I met Anna Szabolcsi, who has been very encouraging ever since. Besides her, I would like to thank the following linguists for interesting conversations and/or stimulating comments on my work: Gennaro Chierchia, Rose-Marie Déchaine, Carmen Dobrovie-Sorin, Jacqueline Guéron, Helen de Hoop, Aafke Hulk, Alice ter Meulen, Hans Obenauer, Alain Rouveret, Henriëtte de Swart and Anne Zribi-Hertz. The supportive attitude of my parents, Joke en Zach, my sister Nynke, and my friends, who kept me in touch with normal life, needs a special word of thanks. My family has always stimulated my interest in language and research, and, what is more important, they have always been there for me when I needed them. The same is true for my friend Jeroen de Boer, who definitely made finishing this thesis much easier. Thanks a lot! Even though you were in London (both ‘floated’ and ‘at a distance’) during the past year, I look back at this period with much pleasure. Table of Contents 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Preliminary remarks 4 1.1.1 Theoretical perspective 4 1.1.2 Terminology 7 1.2 Theta theory and saturation through identification 9 1.3 Outline of the dissertation 14 2 Mass and count properties of nouns and verbs 17 2.1 Mass nouns and count nouns 18 2.1.1 Distributional criteria 19 2.1.2 Shifts 22 2.1.3 The structures of mass nouns, count nouns and plurals 27 2.1.3.1 Join semi-lattices 27 2.1.3.2 Traces of the mass/count distinction in Chinese 31 2.1.3.3 Furniture-nouns 36 2.1.3.4 Back to structures 38 2.1.4 Quantity and thematic structure 41 2.1.5 Concluding remarks 43 2.2 Mass and count in the verbal system 44 2.2.1 Aspectual classes in terms of mass and count 44 2.2.2 Plurality and minimal parts 46 2.2.3 The role of arguments 51 2.2.4 Shifts 52 2.2.5 The structure of mass and count verbal predicates 55 2.3 Conclusions 56 3 Measuring out 57 3.1 Syntactic generalizations 58 3.1.1 The special role of the direct internal argument 58 3.1.2 Resultative small clauses 60 TABLE OF CONTENTS 3.2 Two implementations of the SC analysis 63 3.2.1 Hoekstra’s (1992) proposal: Tense Linking 63 3.2.2 An alternative: inchoative SCs 66 3.2.2.1 Evidence based on the form of the SC predicate 67 3.2.2.2 Inchoative readings 69 3.2.2.3 The nature of the ¬P/P transition 70 3.2.2.4 Individual-level predicates 73 3.2.3 Concluding remarks 74 3.3 Resultatives and measuring out 75 3.3.1 Tense linking and unboundedness 75 3.3.2 Boundedness properties of the inchoative event 78 3.3.2.1 Nominal and verbal reference 80 3.3.2.2 Unboundedness inducing predicates 84 3.3.2.3 To push the cart 85 3.4 Conclusions 89 4 Degree quantifiers and categorial underspecification 90 4.1 DQs, theta selection and adjunction 92 4.2 Types of DQs 95 4.2.1 Deg-heads and adjectival DQs 95 4.2.2 Complex DQs 98 4.2.3 Classifier constructions 99 4.2.4 High degree adverbs 102 4.2.5 An overview 103 4.3 DQs in the context of adjectives 104 4.3.1 Elsewhere 105 4.3.2 The degree system of adjectives in the literature 108 4.3.3 Much-support in terms of Elsewhere 112 4.4 Conclusions 114 5 Degree quantifiers in the context of VPs 115 5.1 The syntactic position of the adverbial DQ 116 5.1.1 Adverbial DQs are adverbial 116 5.1.2 The position of DQs with respect to VP 118 5.2 The interpretation of adverbial DQs 121 5.2.1 Grades and quantities 121 5.2.1.1 High degree adverbs 122 5.2.1.2 The difference between g and q and the Elsewhere Condition 126 5.2.2 Iteration 134 5.3 Conclusions 139 TABLE OF CONTENTS 6 Degree quantifiers in the context of NPs 140 6.1 Grades and quantities in the nominal system 141 6.2 NPs, adjectives and NumP 145 6.3 The role of de 154 6.4 Partitives 158 6.4.1 The syntactic structure of the partitive construction 159 6.4.2 The partitive reading 161 6.4.3 Proportional interpretations 165 6.5 Conclusions 170 7 Adnominal quantifiers 172 7.1 Empirical background 174 7.2 Theoretical implications 180 7.2.1 Categorial selection versus theta selection 180 7.2.2 The syntactic position of AdnQs 184 7.3 AdnQs and classifiers 187 7.3.1 Classifiers and Number 188 7.3.2 Times and pieces 194 7.4 Conclusions 199 8 Floating quantifiers 201 8.1 Standard FQs 204 8.1.1 Generalized L-tous 204 8.1.2 The internal structure of standard FQs 209 8.1.3 An apparent problem for generalized L-tous 213 8.2 Bare FQs and floating DQs 215 8.2.1 Tout and rien 215 8.2.2 Floating beaucoup 218 8.3 Conclusions 222 9 Adverbs of quantification.

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