ConAccount workshop Ecologizing Societal Metabolism Designing Scenarios for Sustainable Materials Management November 21st 1998, Amsterdam, The Netherlands René Kleijn Stefan Bringezu Marina Fischer-Kowalski Viveka Palm (editors) CML report 148 Section Substances & Products ConAccount workshop ECOLOGIZING SOCIETAL METABOLISM: DESIGNING SCENARIOS FOR SUSTAINABLE MATERIALS MANAGEMENT ConAccount workshop ECOLOGIZING SOCIETAL METABOLISM: DESIGNING SCENARIOS FOR SUSTAINABLE MATERIALS MANAGEMENT November 21st 1998, Amsterdam, The Netherlands René Kleijn Stefan Bringezu Marina Fischer-Kowalski Viveka Palm (editors) Centre of Environmental Science (CML) Leiden University P.O. Box 9518 2300 RA Leiden The Netherlands CML report 148 - Section Substances & Products Copies can be ordered as follows: – by telephone: (+31) 71 527 74 85 – by writing to: CML Library, P.O. Box 9518, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands – by fax: (+31) 71 527 55 87 – by e mail: [email protected] Please mention report number, and name and address to whom the report is to be sent ISBN: 90-5191-124-6 Printed by: Universitair Grafisch Bedrijf, Leiden © Centre of Environmental Science (CML), Leiden 1999 Third ConAccount Meeting: Ecologizing Societal Metabolism Amsterdam, November 21st 1998 CONTENTS Preface_________________________________________________________________________ 1 S. Bringezu, Material Flow Analyses Supporting Technological Change and Integrated Resource Management ____________________________________________________________________ 3 R. Lifset, Ecologizing Societal Metabolism in the US; Materials Flow Accounting and Industrial Ecology _______________________________________________________________________ 15 W. Hüttler, H. Schandl, H. Weisz, Are Industrial Economies on the Path of Dematerialization? Material Flow Accounts for Austria 1960-1996: Indicators and International Comparison ________ 23 O. de Marco, G. Lagioia, E. Pizzoli Mazzacane, Material Flow Analysis of the Italian economy. Preliminary results. ______________________________________________________________ 31 N. Fenzl, Material demand of the Brazilian economy: a first approach_______________________ 38 S. Moll, F. Hinterberger, A. Femia, S. Bringezu, An Input-Output Approach to Analyse the Total Material Requirement (TMR) of National Economies ____________________________________ 39 J. Haake, Industry's Demand for Dematerialization: a discussion of the point of view of Industrials firms in France _________________________________________________________ 47 F. Berkhout, Radical improvements in resource productivity: a review of the evidence __________ 55 C.M. Grünbühel, Acting as a Cameleon: Material Flows of a Subsistence Economy in Northeast Thailand _______________________________________________________________________ 57 L. Lewan, M. Wackernagel, The Ecological Footprint and Biocapacity of Sweden, a South Swedish Region and a Catchment Area ______________________________________________ 62 K. Koike, Environment and Resource Account of Forest/Timber In Southeast Asian Countries ___ 69 L. Sörme, Inflow and Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Stockholm, Sweden __________________ 74 A. Carlsson-Kanyama, Differences in Resource Consumption and Lifestyles- what are the implications for greening the North? _________________________________________________ 77 M. Kuhndt, C. Liedtke, Translating a Factor X into Praxis_________________________________ 84 D. Rogich, E. Rodenburg, C. Ottke, Characterising Material Flows: The Case of Sustainability ___ 91 E. Hansen, C. Lassen, A product composition database for material management: application for priority setting and substance flow analysis of aluminium in Denmark ___________________ 100 B. Frostell, D. Broman, M. Cramér, S. Ekstrand, M. Freland, H.-C. Hansson, U. Jonsson, U. Mohlander, L. Wastenson, MONITOR - an integrated environmental information system _______ 105 M. Eklund, L. Roth, N. Svensson, Environmental aspects of material use in the infrastructure - a manager’s perspective _________________________________________________________ 113 J. Hedbrant, Technique for Visualisation of Flows and Accumulation of Metals in Stockholm, Sweden. ____________________________________________________________ 120 I. Douglas, N. Lawson, Problems associated with establishing reliable estimates of materials flows linked to extractive industries _________________________________________________ 127 E. Sundin, N. Svensson, J. McLaren, T. Jackson, A Dynamic Life Cycle Energy Model of the UK Paper and Pulp Sector 1987 - 2010 _____________________________________________ 135 F. Relea i Ginés, A. Prat i Noguer, Application of the ecological footprint to Barcelona: summary of calculations and thougths on the results ___________________________________ 142 Ph. Gay, J. Proops, S. Speck, Optimal policy for materials flows: an integrated modelling approach _____________________________________________________________________ 154 H. Weisz, H. Schandl, M. Fischer-Kowaslki, OMEN - An Operating Matrix for material interrelations between the Economy and Nature. How to make material balances consistent. ___ 160 2 Third ConAccount Meeting: Ecologizing Societal Metabolism Amsterdam, November 21st 1998 X. Olsthoorn, J. Boelens, Flux: a tool for substance flow analysis _________________________ 166 M. Hekkert, L. Joosten, E. Worrell, CO2 emission reduction by improved use of packaging materials_____________________________________________________________ 175 A. Lindqvist, M. Eklund, Substance Flow Analysis of Cadmium in Society’s Waste____________ 183 H.C. Moll, Dematerialization and the environment: theoretical concepts and practical implications 188 3 Third ConAccount Meeting: Ecologizing Societal Metabolism Amsterdam, November 21st 1998 Preface ConAccount is the acronym for a concerted action entitled “Co-ordination of Regional and National Material Flow Accounting for Environmental Sustainability”. It started in May 1996 and was supported by the European Commission (DG XII) until December 1997. The established MFA-network will be sustained further. ConAccount provides an international platform for information exchange on Material Flow Accounting (MFA). MFA refers to accounts in physical units (usually in terms of tons) comprising the extraction, production, transformation, consumption, recycling, and disposal of materials (e.g. substances, raw materials, base materials, products, manufactures, wastes, emissions to air or water). According to different subjects and various methods, MFA –and thus ConAccount – covers approaches such as substance flow analysis, product flow accounts, material balancing, and bulk material flow accounts. However ConAccount is generally restricted to studies of (supra)-national and regional scope. MFA projects for products and services (within Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approaches) are not addressed in particular, although methodological overlaps have been discussed. One of the activities of the Steering Committee of ConAccount is to organise yearly meetings for researchers/policy makers working on/with MFA. This volume documents the presentations of the first ConAccount meeting after the end of the concerted action. This workshop was organised by the Centre of Environmental Science of Leiden University and took place on November 21st at the Vrije Universiteit in Amsterdam. The main topics of the workshop were: 1) dematerialization 2) problemshifting 3) monitoring 4) coupling MFA and societal developments 5) integral policy for materials management 6) combined economic and environmental accounting During the workshop the presentations were organised in nine parallel sessions on the basis of the topics above. In this Volume the papers are organised on the basis of the six topics. We would like to thank all participants of the workshop for their interest and their contributions. The ConAccount Steering Committee: Stefan Bringezu Marina Fischer-Kowalski René Kleijn Viveka Palm 1 Third ConAccount Meeting: Ecologizing Societal Metabolism Amsterdam, November 21st 1998 Plenary Lectures 2 Third ConAccount Meeting: Ecologizing Societal Metabolism Amsterdam, November 21st 1998 Material Flow Analyses Supporting Technological Change and Integrated Resource Management Stefan Bringezu Wuppertal Institute, Wuppertal, Germany Abstract Recent developments are reported on the international consideration of MFA based policy targets. Empirical data on the change of energy carrier productivity in the German Ruhr district indicate that the targets set out in the German Draft Environmental Policy Programme are not unrealistic. Technological change depends on the proper consideration of alternatives. For the example of sewage sludge it is exemplified that the assessment of recycling routes critically depends on the scope of the analysis. Aspects of integrated resource management are discussed considering nitrogen fluxes to German rivers, the cleaning efficiency of municipal sewage treatment plants, the material intensity of waste water treatment and fresh water supply systems. Policy and MFA: Recent Developments As a result of a national debate on sustainability the German environmental ministry has drafted an Environmental Policy Plan which focuses on priority issues, defines a core set of indicators and describes targets and measures to overcome these problems (BMU 1998). The Draft comprises the following targets: · Energy Productivity: increase by a factor 2 (1993 - 2020) · Renewable Energy: increase to 25 % until 2030 · Raw Materials Productivity: increase