National Policy Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems and the Environment, Conference Papers

State and Local Policy Program NATIONAL POLICY CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS AND THE ENVIRONMENT Conference Papers Hubert H. Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs University of Minnesota DOT/FHWA 150081 NATIONAL POLICY CONFERENCE ON I INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS 6 AND THE ENVIRONMENT 4 e Conference Papers II Arlington Renaissance Hotel 1 Arlington, Virginia 4L June 6-7, 1994 1 I Sponsored By: United States Department of Transportation IVHS AMERICA I George Mason University University of Minnesota 1 Environmental Defense Fund Surface Transportation Policy Project California Department of Transportation I United States Environmental Protection Agency c Table of Contents I. New Strategies and Technologies Intelligent Transportation Systems for Sustainable Communities. Michael Replogle. Intelligent and Environmentally-Sensible Transportation System: An Alternative Vision. Daniel Sperling, Michael Replogle. ATHENA, An Advanced Public Transportation / Public Information System. Robert W. Behnke. A Least Cost Approach to Compare IVHS, Land Use, Management and Multi-Modal Infrastructure Alternatives. Patrick DeCorla-Souza. Near-Term RFID Applications in Transportation Systems. Cathleen J. Santeiu. Intelligent Transit Information Systems. Sally J. Spadaro. High Technology Transportation and the Information Highway: A Global Market Strategy for the United States. Ellen Williams. Intelligent Vehicle-Highway Systems & Bicycling. Allen Greenberg. II. Energy and Environmental Impacts How Responsive Multimodal Transportation Management Linked to IVHS Can Improve Environmental Quality. Salvatore J. Bellomo, P.E., Andrew Sullivan. The Greening of IVHS: Integrating the Goals of Air Quality, Energy Conservation, Mobility and Access in Intelligent Transportation Policy. Lamont C. Hempel. Capacity-Induced Increases in the Quantity of Travel with Special Reference to M-IS. Sergio J. Ostria, Michael F. Lawrence, Don H. Pickrell. Energy Consumption Implications of Telecommuting Adoption. Jin-Ru Yen, Ham S. Mahmassani, Robert Herman. Carbon Monoxide Impacts of Automatic Vehicle Tolling Operations. Simon Washington, Randall Guensler. User Acceptance of IVHS: An Unknown in the Environmental Equation. Carol A. Zimmerman, Ph.D. Evaluating the Impact of IVHS Technologies on Vehicle Emissions using a Modal Emission Model. Matthew J. Barth. III. Socio-Economic and Institutional Issues Socio-Economic Issues and Intelligent Transportation Systems. Barbara C. Richardson. Intelligent Vehicle/Highway Systems (IVHS): Economics and Environmental Policy. Barbara J. Kanninen. Intelligent Transportation Systems: Building Consent for Post-Cold-War Transportation Initiatives. Peter Roudebush and Harry Mathews. IVHS and Public Participation: Challenges, Opportunities and New Models for 8 Cooperation. David Van Hattum, Lee W. Munnich, Jr. Transportation Demand Management and Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems: The Need for Mutual Cooperation. Philip Winters, Amy Polk. Tracking the Future: Integrating IVHS Technologies with the ISTEA Management Systems. Lane W. Swauger. Q \ 1 1 c 1 1 I. New Strategies and Technologies is-- - C - Intelligent Transportation Systems for Sustainable Communities - by Michael Replogle Environmental Defense Fund Prepared for National Policy Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems and the Environment Arlington, Virginia June 6-7, 1994 Intelligent Transportation Systems for Sustainable Communities Michael Replogle EXECUTIVE SUMMARY “Intelligent Vehicle and Highway Systems” (IVHS) and “Advanced Transport Telematics” are the names which have been used in America and Europe, respectively, to describe the application of information, communications, data acquisition, and control system technologies in surface transportation. These range from mundane traffic advisory message signs on freeways and transit passenger information systems to visionary automated highways where computer-controlled cars might tailgate a few feet apart at 100 mph or more. IVHS technologies could reshape our communities and societies in far-reaching ways over the next several decades, affecting our lifestyles, environment, economic structure, and social equity nearly as much as the automobile has over past decades. The fundamental architecture and vision of IVHS established in the mid-1990s may serve as a foundation for a technology-driven transformation with considerable consequences. We must ensure that these technologies are harnessed to serve our long-term social, economic, and environmental goals. This will require much broader public participation in IVHS policy making, the establishment of clearer performance objectives and measures for transportation management systems to guide IVHS deployment, and broad-based assessment of the social and environmental impacts of IVHS. This paper discusses efforts to define the vision and future of these technologies. IVHS will help support more sustainable transportation system development only if it is redefined as part of a broader vision. Recasting IVHS in the multi-modal framework of “Intelligent Transportation Systems” (ITS)-- as has been recently proposed by the Coordinating Council of IVHS America, a US Department of Transportation (DOT) advisory group --is symbolic of the beginning of this redefinition process. Alternative visions of IVHS/ITS should be explored with vigor as part of the IVHS architecture development process, which is working to establish national system standards over the next two years. A premature forced consensus on the vision of IVHS/ITS will lay the foundation for long-term conflict rather than cooperation. It is in the interests of industry, transportation interests, the environmental community, and society at large to seek out a win-win vision for IVHS/ITS that meets shared objectives and goals. If IVHS/ITS is to serve the goals of sustainable communities and transportation, what should be the requirements for its system architecture and its functions? The answer lies not in the selection of one or several isolated “user services”, but in the development and deployment of appropriate bundles of technology to ensure that IVHS/ITS can help to manage the growth and patterns of travel demand while improving the efficiency and performance of transportation systems. The most promising elements of IVHS/ITS for meeting these objective are -- 1 Intelligent Transportation Systems for Sustainable Communities Michael Replogle . smart public transportation, which would allow bus drivers to override traffic signals to speed up bus travel and permit people waiting at a bus stop or at home to know instantly when the next bus is coming, and to feel and be safe when using transit. smart paratransit systems to arrange for inexpensive share-ride taxis and to assemble carpools and Vanpools on a day-to-day or instant basis. smart goods movement systems to help firms arrange for lower cost and less resource- intensive transportation of goods using intermodal systems, improved manufacturing logistics to reduce the need for long-distance shipping, and improved information, communications, and delivery services to help individuals purchase goods from home or local stores. the automated collection of parking and road user fees to reduce taxpayer subsidies to driving and allow market-based pricing of scarce highway capacity during rush hours, with rebates of surplus revenues to all residents to boost equity. These pricing systems could complement or support smog fees that charge more for dirtier vehicles and reduce the cost of using clean modes of travel. limiting vehicle speed and acceleration rates on individual roads and in sensitive areas electronically to slow down and “calm” traffic on low-volume residential streets and in commercial areas where pedestrians, bicycles, and transit have priority, to smooth traffic flow on arterial roads with computer-synchronized traffic signals, to reduce emissions and safety problems on high speed expressways caused by speeders, and to reduce top vehicle speeds automatically when icing and fog or accident tie-ups occur. Such ITS strategies could expand the market potential for small, light weight, neighborhood vehicles suitable for short non-freeway travel. Whether propelled by batteries, small engines, supercapacitors, flywheels, human power, or a combination, these vehicles would allow individuals and firms the opportunity to better tailor the vehicle chosen for a particular trip to their end use requirements. Such ITS could help complement a needed realignment of transportation subsidies and investments, the reallocation of street space to restore opportunities for walking, bicycling, and rapid transit, and smart land use policies that encourage reinvestment in cities and inner ring suburban centers where managed growth will help solve rather than exacerbate pressing traffic and social problems. BACKGROUND IVHS/ITS promises to help in the switch from military to civilian production and could be a major source of long-term economic growth and increased productivity. Projected IVHS/ITS deployment costs over the next 20 years in America alone are expected to be about $40 billion in public infrastructure and $170 billion in private spending. The promise of an 2 Intelligent Transportation Systems for Sustainable Communities Michael Replogle even larger future global market for IVHS/ITS has US automobile and electronics firms in heated competition with the Europeans and Japanese to gain a lead in developing these technologies. This accounts for the strong

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