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Rest of the Solar System” As We Have Covered It in MMM Through the Years

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As The Moon, Mars, and Asteroids each have their own dedicated theme issues, this one is about the “rest of the Solar System” as we have covered it in MMM through the years. Not yet having ventured beyond the Moon, and not yet having begun to develop and use space resources, these articles are speculative, but we trust, well-grounded and eventually feasible. Included are articles about the inner “terrestrial” planets: Mercury and Venus. As the gas giants Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune are not in general human targets in themselves, most articles about destinations in the outer system deal with major satellites: Jupiter’s Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto. Saturn’s Titan and Iapetus, Neptune’s Triton. We also include past articles on “Space Settlements.” Europa with its ice-covered global ocean has fascinated many - will we one day have a base there? Will some of our descendants one day live in space, not on planetary surfaces? Or, above Venus’ clouds? CHRONOLOGICAL INDEX; MMM THEMES: OUR SOLAR SYSTEM MMM # 11 - Space Oases & Lunar Culture: Space Settlement Quiz Space Oases: Part 1 First Locations; Part 2: Internal Bearings Part 3: the Moon, and Diferent Drums MMM #12 Space Oases Pioneers Quiz; Space Oases Part 4: Static Design Traps Space Oases Part 5: A Biodynamic Masterplan: The Triple Helix MMM #13 Space Oases Artificial Gravity Quiz Space Oases Part 6: Baby Steps with Artificial Gravity MMM #37 Should the Sun have a Name? MMM #56 Naming the Seas of Space MMM #57 Space Colonies: Re-dreaming and Redrafting the Vision: Xities in Space: Space Xity/Biomass Ratios; MetaXity; An Artificial Gravity Standard? Unreal Estate MMM #59 Economic Opportunities in the Outer Solar System, Kokh XITIES of the Outer Solar System and Beyond, Peter Kokh (INCLUDES: KEEPING WARM, Survival Beyond the Belt, Peter Kokh MMM #60 Aerostat Xities afloat in the Atmospheres of Venus, Jupiter, Saturn, Titan, Uranus, Neptune; the Proper Adjective for "Venus" MMM #61 Large Floating Structures on Jupiter; Altitude, Pressure, Temperature for Venus, Titan, Jupiter, and Saturn MMM #78 Mercury: The Other Terrestrial Planet; Mercury Gateway: Grand Central to the Outer Solar System MMM #110 New Atlantis: Reports on the Europa II Workshop MMM #111 The Jovgo Jupiter Jet MMM #114 Venus: a Fresh Look at a Forgotten World; Subnubilar Industries over Venus; Geomorphing Venus MMM #115 A Rose by any other name; Visits to Venus en route to Mars; High Sky Aircraft for Venus; Venus Geomorphed; The Friday File MMM #111 Drumroll for Mercury: snail-pace rover; Idea for Earth Simulations of Europa Submarine missions MMM #118 "Living Of the Ice" on Europa; Magnesium workhorse metal for Europa: Lake Vostok; Europa Orbiter proposal; Europa Ocean Observer; Europa Lander Network; Ice-Pic: Europa Ocean Explorer MMM #119 Braving Jupiter's Radiation Belts: Callisto; Backyard/armchair teletouring of the Jovian System; The Maculas of Europa; Europa: facts of interest MMM #121 A New Look at Titan MMM #134 Touring Venus from above: Balloons and Aerobots; Balloons over Jupiter MMM #184 Venus: Visiting Hell and Living to Tell about it; Goals for future Venus Probes MMM #204 Three Myths of Planet Mercury; More on Mercury as a Human Frontier MMM #205 Mercury Frontier Speculations for the fun of it MMM #232 O'Neill's High Frontier Updated and Modified MMM #238 Moon’s Cold Traps are key to Outer Solar System MMM #244 Mercury - A Coming Attraction THEME THREAD INDEX; MMM THEMES: OUR SOLAR SYSTEM SPACE OASES (SETTLEMENTS MMM # 11 - Space Oases & Lunar Culture: Space Settlement Quiz Space Oases: Part 1 First Locations; Part 2: Internal Bearings Part 3: the Moon, and Diferent Drums MMM #12 Space Oases Pioneers Quiz; Space Oases Part 4: Static Design Traps Space Oases Part 5: A Biodynamic Masterplan: The Triple Helix MMM #13 Space Oases Artificial Gravity Quiz Space Oases Part 6: Baby Steps with Artificial Gravity MMM #57 Space Colonies: Re-dreaming and Redrafting the Vision: Xities in Space: Space Xity/Biomass Ratios; MetaXity; An Artificial Gravity Standard? Unreal Estate MMM #232 O'Neill's High Frontier Updated and Modified MERCURY MMM #78 Mercury: The Other Terrestrial Planet; Mercury Gateway: Grand Central to the Outer Solar System MMM #111 Drumroll for Mercury: snail-pace rover; MMM #204 Three Myths of Planet Mercury; More on Mercury as a Human Frontier MMM #205 Mercury Frontier Speculations for the fun of it MMM #244 Mercury - A Coming Attraction VENUS MMM #60 the Proper Adjective for "Venus" MMM #114 Venus: a Fresh Look at a Forgotten World; Subnubilar Industries over Venus; Geomorphing Venus MMM #60 Aerostat Xities afloat in the Atmospheres of Venus, Jupiter, Saturn, Titan, Uranus, Neptune; the Proper Adjective for "Venus" MMM #134 Touring Venus from above: Balloons and Aerobots; Balloons over Jupiter MMM #184 Venus: Visiting Hell and Living to Tell about it; Goals for future Venus Probes BEYOND THE BELT MMM #56 Naming the Seas of Space MMM #59 Economic Opportunities in the Outer Solar System, Kokh XITIES of the Outer Solar System and Beyond, Peter Kokh KEEPING WARM, Survival Beyond the Belt, Peter Kokh MMM #238 Moon’s Cold Traps are key to Outer Solar System JUPITER & CALLISTO & EUROPA MMM #59 XITIES of the Outer Solar System and Beyond, Peter Kokh ``(Includes: Europa, Ganymede, Callisto MMM #61 Large Floating Structures on Jupiter; Altitude, Pressure, Temperature for Venus, Titan, Jupiter, and Saturn MMM #110 New Atlantis: Reports on the Europa II Workshop MMM #111 The Jovgo Jupiter Jet Idea for Earth Simulations of Europa Submarine missions MMM #118 "Living Of the Ice" on Europa; Magnesium workhorse metal for Europa: Lake Vostok; Europa Orbiter proposal; Europa Ocean Observer; Europa Lander Network; Ice-Pic: Europa Ocean Explore MMM #119 Braving Jupiter's Radiation Belts: Callisto; Backyard/armchair teletouring of the Jovian System; The Maculas of Europa; Europa: facts of interest MMM #134 Balloons over Jupiter SATURN & TITAN MMM #59 XITIES of the Outer Solar System and Beyond, Peter Kokh ``(Includes: Iapetus, Hyperion, and Titan (Saturn) MMM #121 A New Look at Titan MMM #11 - December 1987 SPACE OASES & LUNAR CULTURE MOON MINERS’ MANIFESTO. has been cast, even by well-meaning admirers, as a “special inter- est” newsletter. As editor, I have to take responsibility for this widespread misappraisal. I had stated that we wanted to explore the heights to which a self-sufcient lunar civilization could rise, given the constrain that it must seek to develop as far as possible relying solely on lunar ores that are poor in hy- drogen, carbon, and nitrogen. The MANIFESTO has gotten good marks for this efort. But for many whose dream is life on O’Neillian space colonies, these discussions have perhaps seemed irrelevant. This shows our failure to realize that what may be perfectly obvious to us, doesn’t necessarily suggest itself to others: namely, that in the early decades, the availability of volatile-rich ores from as- teroids and other sources cheaper to access than upports from Earth, will be at best sporadic. As a re- sult, pioneers in free space oases will find them-selves in much the same straights as hardy lunar set- tlers. Unless they are fantastically prosperous [pluck your brains out of free fall!) and can aford heavy dependence on Earth-sourced materials, they too must build their cultures largely on the possibilities inherent in volatile-poor lunar ores. Lunar cultures will be the rule. Thus, in the early decades, space colonists too will be forced to give up a way of life based on the causal use of paper, wood, plastics and the whole host of addictive synthetics based on hydrogen, carbon, and nitrogen so very abundant on Earth. This will color their whole way of life with its implica- tions for building products, household furnishings and other domestic wares, clothing, information me- dia, sporting goods, toys, arts and crafts etc. If you are truly interested in pioneering free space, you will find enlightening ideas on what such frontier life will be like in the pages of MOON MINERS’ MANI- FESTO. We belated invite you aboard our Mainline Express to a thousand space futures. To catch up, as we have already left the depot, check out the articles and essays from the earlier issues. - Peter Kokh 11/87 The original article is online at: what://www.asi.org/6/9/3/2/011/space-oases-intro.html This and the following two issues of MMM are dedicated to those for whom lunar settlement is only a necessary means to another horizon on which their true interest lies. SPACE SETTLEMENT QUIZ QUESTIONS 1.The trailing lunar co-orbital field “Trojan” position usually referred to as L5 is no longer seen as the best space colony location. But if one were located there, how long would it take to orbit the Earth? 2.Of what use is the preceding co-orbital “Trojan” called L4? 3.How much easier is it to reach the 2:1 resonant orbit than L5 from L2? 4.In the proposed resonant orbit, how close will the colony come to Earth at perigee, and how close would it come to the Moon at every other apogee? 5.What environmental problems does a space colony face that will be less troublesome for a lunar settlement? 6.Name some interesting groups of characters that you are less likely to meet on a space colony than in a lunar settlement. 7.You live on a space colony and your doctor says you need more exercise and advises you to start jogging, but cautions that you should run only westward at first. Why? 8.Which traditional performing art will be somewhat more difcult to master on a space colony than on Earth? 9.What will homes inside a space colony be built of? 10.What sort of trees and other plants would you expect in a space colony park? ANSWERS 1.Same as on the Moon, of course: 27.5 days by the stars, 29.5 days by the Sun.
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  • Winds in the Lower Cloud Level on the Nightside of Venus from VIRTIS-M (Venus Express) 1.74 Μm Images

    Winds in the Lower Cloud Level on the Nightside of Venus from VIRTIS-M (Venus Express) 1.74 Μm Images

    atmosphere Article Winds in the Lower Cloud Level on the Nightside of Venus from VIRTIS-M (Venus Express) 1.74 µm Images Dmitry A. Gorinov * , Ludmila V. Zasova, Igor V. Khatuntsev, Marina V. Patsaeva and Alexander V. Turin Space Research Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; [email protected] (L.V.Z.); [email protected] (I.V.K.); [email protected] (M.V.P.); [email protected] (A.V.T.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The horizontal wind velocity vectors at the lower cloud layer were retrieved by tracking the displacement of cloud features using the 1.74 µm images of the full Visible and InfraRed Thermal Imaging Spectrometer (VIRTIS-M) dataset. This layer was found to be in a superrotation mode with a westward mean speed of 60–63 m s−1 in the latitude range of 0–60◦ S, with a 1–5 m s−1 westward deceleration across the nightside. Meridional motion is significantly weaker, at 0–2 m s−1; it is equatorward at latitudes higher than 20◦ S, and changes its direction to poleward in the equatorial region with a simultaneous increase of wind speed. It was assumed that higher levels of the atmosphere are traced in the equatorial region and a fragment of the poleward branch of the direct lower cloud Hadley cell is observed. The fragment of the equatorward branch reveals itself in the middle latitudes. A diurnal variation of the meridional wind speed was found, as east of 21 h local time, the direction changes from equatorward to poleward in latitudes lower than 20◦ S.