ÛTica Y Estã©Tica De La Narrativa Femenina Hispanoamericana Contemporã
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City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects CUNY Graduate Center 2000 Ética y estética de la narrativa femenina hispanoamericana contemporánea: un diálogo con las teorías bajtinianas del discurso literario Aranzazu Borrachero The Graduate Center, City University of New York How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/4104 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy subm itted. 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Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA 800-521-0600 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. A Etica y estetica dela narrativa femenina hispanoamericana contemporanea: un dialogo con las teorias bajtinianas del discurso literario by Aranzazu Borrachero A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Hispanic and Luso-Brazilian Literatures in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, The City University of New York 2000 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. UMI Number. 9986305 Copyright 2000 by Borrachero, Aranzazu All rights reserved. ___ <£; UMI UMI Microform9986305 Copyright 2000 by Bell & Howell Information and Learning Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. Bell & Howell Information and Learning Company 300 North Zeeb Road P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 11 ©2000 Aranzazu Borrachero All Rights Reserved Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. This manuscript has been read and accepted by the Graduate Faculty in Hispanic and Luso- Brazilian Literatures in satisfaction of the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy [Signature] 1 t'f ZLoo o Prof. Susana Reisz Date Chair of Examining Committee [Signature] Prof Lia Sch\vartz_ Date Executive Officer Prof Oscar Montero Prof Electa Arenal Supervisory Committee THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Abstract Etica y estetica dela narrativa femenina hispanoamericana contemporanea: un dialogo con las teorlas bajtinianas del discurso literario by Aranzazu Borrachero Adviser: Professor Susana Reisz This study traces textual contradictions in the narrative of some contemporary female writers of Latin America: Isabel Allende's La casa de los espiritus (1982), Laura Esquivel 's Como agi/a para chocolate (1989), Cristina Peri Rossi s "Desastres intimos” and “Entrevista con el angel” (1997), Zoe Valdes' Te di la vida entera (1996), Eva Sefchovich's Demasiado amor (1990), Carmen Olle's Las dos caras del deseo (1994), and Sylvia Molloy En's breve carcel (1981). I define "contradiction” as the coexistence of conflicting discourses within one narrative voice, i.e. discourses of love and violence, of romance and rape, of female strength and submission. I contend that the texts included in my analysis show different degrees of awareness of these tensions, as well as different textual strategies to deal with them. I have employed Bakhtin 's theory of discourse because it conceptualizes narrative as an arena for the interaction of diverse perceptions of the self and the world. His approach has allowed me to observe whether there is, in the narratives chosen, a dialogue between the forces of internalized tradition and the wish for change. Conversely, it has helped me examine a denial of such internalized tradition and a celebration of some sort of rapid, liberating sense of freedom Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. that is deeply marked by a problematic complicity with ideological systems of control of female sexual behavior. The two Latin American best-selling novels written by women in the past twenty years— La casa de los espiritus and Como agna para chocolate—achieve this latter type of compromise They avoid an active dialogue of conflicting discourses and cover, with the fantastic and apparently overpowering qualities of their protagonists, troubling tones of violence that derive from traditional romantic relations between the sexes. The rest of the narratives examined in my work deal with contradiction in a different way. Peri Rossi, Sefchovich and Valdes make use of the subtleties of humor to reveal the absurd tragedy of females whose lives are strained by competing social demands. Olle and Molloy employ narrative techniques of estrangement—a schism of the self—to be able to establish a dialogue with discourses of violence and homoerotic desire which confront pervasive and ingrained ideas of idealized, romantic and heterosexual love. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Indice Prologo I. Una revision de la critica feminists hispanoamericana 13. Contextos sociales y teoricos La sexualidad femenina en la segunda mitad del siglo XX Las ideas de Bajtin y Voloshinov en el analisis de la narrativa hispanoamericana contemporanea de mujeres Narrativa y dialogia I. Dialogia y bivocalizacion. 41 II. Las relaciones entre las voces de la narration. 42 III. Los personajes. 43 IV. Los valores eticos de la novela. 44 Bajtin y la critica contemporanea III. Las fantasias de domination sexual Las narraciones consonantes y la armonia de Eros enLa casa de los espiritus, de I. Allende I. La voz impersonal. 55 II.Las voces de los personajes. 58 III La sorpresa, el devenir y algunas cuestiones de estilo. 63 IV. Eros y Tanatos. 69 Las voces del narrador y de los personajes enComo agitci para chocolate, de L. Esquivel Conclusiones IV. La risa El carnaval y el genero de lo “c6mico-serio’, Tanatos es una botella de lejia en “Desastres intimos”, de C. Peri Rossi Los amores de bolero de Te di la vida enter a, de Z Valdes I. Las voces de las narradoras 111 II. La voz y la conciencia de Cuca Martinez. 125 III.Madres e hijas. 127 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. vii Los templos de! deseo femenino en Demasiado amor, de E. Sefchovich 131 I. El discurso amoroso. 132 II. El discurso epistolar. 136 III. El entrecruzamiento de los discursos y las historias. 139 Eros es un angel en “Entrevista con el angel”, de C. Peri Rossi 143 Conclusiones 149 V. La enajenacion 152 Unas palabras sobre la posmodemidad en Latinoamerica 153 Una pantalla muy pequena para una realidad muy grandeLasdos en caras del deseo, de C. Olle 157 I. Un contexto narrativo que no coopera con el lector. 158 II. Las voces de los personajes. 162 III. Violencia, paranoia y deseo. 165 Las fronteras de la conciencia de En breve carcel, de S. Molloy 167 I. Las zonas del personaje. 170 U. Cuerpo y voz que son delotro. 173 III. El discurso de la violencia. 174 Conclusiones 178 VI. Conclusiones finales 180 VII. Apendice 186 El lenguaje, segun Bajtin y Voloshinov 186 Voloshinov, las instancias literarias y el discurso de los personajes 193 Bajtin y la novela 207 VIII. Obras citadas 219 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 1 Prologo Esta investigation se centra en un grupo de textos de narrativa hispanoamericana contemporanea, escritos todos ellos por mujeres. Como su titulo indica. el analisis quiere vincular la estetica de las narraciones con sus aspectos eticos y, en particular, con su capacidad para dialogar con el conflicto y con la contradiccion. Para la mujer hispana de fines del siglo XX1, el conflicto y la contradiccion emergen de la coexistencia de varias construcciones sociales del genero femenino que no son siempre compatibles. Mi proposito es buscar estas tensiones dentro del discurso de una misma conciencia, de un mismo texto. porque creo