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AUSTRALIAN JOINT COPYING PROJECT ALBERT MEEK Correspondence, 1894-1931 Reel M2512 British Museum (Natural History) Cromwell Road South Kensington London SW7 5BD National Library of Australia State Library of New South Wales Filmed: 1991 BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES Albert Stewart Meek (1871-1943), the son of a trader in natural history specimens, was born in London. In 1890 he went to Queensland and spent some time at Coomooboolaroo, a cattle station near Duaringa. Its owner, George Barnard (d. 1894), had built a private museum to house his extensive collection of insects and birds’ eggs. In 1894 Meek was engaged by Walter Rothschild to collect birds and insects for his museum at Tring. For nearly twenty years he led a series of collecting expeditions to British, German and Dutch New Guinea and the Solomon Islands. He was the author of A naturalist in Cannibal Land (1913). He continued to correspond with the Tring Museum in later years and helped to organise the expeditions led by Albert Eichhorn to New Guinea and New Britain in 1923-26. (Lionel) Walter Rothschild (1868-1937), 2nd Baron Rothschild (succeeded 1915), was born in London. He was mainly educated at home and was then a student at Bonn University and Magdalene College, Cambridge. He joined the family bank of N.M. Rothschild & Sons, but his main interests were scientific. He began collecting insects as a schoolboy and later widened his collecting to birds and animals. His collections were stored at his father’s estate at Tring, Buckinghamshire, where a public museum was opened in 1892. He gave up his work in the City in 1908 and concentrated on his scientific activities. He was a trustee of the British Museum, a fellow of the Royal Society, and an honorary member of many important societies of entomology, ornithology and botany. He was a member of the House of Commons from 1898 to 1910. Ernst Johann Otto Hartert (1859-1933) was born at Hamburg and later lived in East Prussia. He began writing about his ornithological discoveries in 1880. Between 1885 and 1891 he went on collecting expeditions in West Africa, Sumatra, the Straits Settlements, India and the West Indies. He moved to England in 1891 and in the following year he was appointed by Lionel Rothschild as the director of the museum at Tring. He held the position until 1930. He wrote numerous papers for the museum’s journal, Novitates Zoologicae and a monumental work, Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna (1903-22). He was president of the International Ornithological Congress in 1926. His last years were spent in Berlin. (Heinrich Ernst) Karl Jordan (1861-1959) was born at Almstedt, near Hanover, and attended the University of Gottinngen, where he studied zoology and botany. In 1893 he was engaged by Lionel Rothschild as the curator of his insect collections kept at the museum at Tring. He held the position until 1930 and then succeeded Ernst Hartert as director of the museum. He retired in 1939. Jordan was a prolific writer, producing hundreds of scientific papers. He founded the International Congress of Entomologists in 1910 and was its permanent secretary until 1948. He was president of the Entomological Society of London in 1929-30. Albert Frederic Eichhorn (d. 1930), who was the brother-in-law of Albert Meek, was born at Cooktown, Queensland. Between 1898 and 1913 he was a member of several of Meek’s expeditions to New Guinea and the Solomon Islands, sometimes accompanied by his brother George Eichhorn. In 1918 they explored the Hydrographer Range in New Guinea, collecting for Walter Rothschild. Between 1923 and 1926 Eichhorn led expeditions to New Guinea, New Britain and the Bismarck Archipelago. Note: The name of the British Museum (Natural History) was changed to the Natural History Museum in 1992. 2 ALBERT MEEK Reel M2512 British Museum (Natural History) Tring Museum correspondence Box 83 Correspondence of Alfred Meek, 1894-1930 Items 1-87 Letters, 1894-1900 The letters refer to the purchase and sorting of the zoological collection of George Barnard (1894- 96), Meek’s first expedition to New Guinea, collecting in the Trobriand Islands and Woodlark Island, costs and expenditure, financial arrangements with Tring Museum, despatch of specimens, especially coleoptera (beetles) and lepidoptera (butterflies and moths), his relations with Papuans, hopes of exploring the interior of New Guinea, Meek’s visit to England (1896), his return to New Guinea (1897-99), his assistants W.G. Meek, Henry Barnard, and George and Albert Eichhorn, relations with Kanaka collectors, engagement of carriers, collecting of birds at Goodenough Island, encounters with aggressive ‘bushmen’, fevers and illnesses, a sailing accident at Woodlark Island (1897), his travel movements, specimens of particular interest, collecting on Rossel Island (1898), stories of cannibalism on Rossel Island, Meek’s relations with the governor William McGregor, his marriage to Emelie Eichhorn (1898) and births of children, and collecting in the Milne Bay region (1900). Items 1-87 Letters, 1894-1900 1 Meek (Cooktown) to Ernst Hartert, n.d 1a Meek (Townsville) to Walter Rothschild, n.d. 2 Meek (Fergusson Island, D’Entrecasteaux Islands) to Rothschild, 26 Sept. 1894. 3 Meek (Fergusson Island) to Rothschild, 6 Nov. 1894. 4 Meek (Samarai, Papua) to Hartert, 17 Jan. [1895. 5 Meek (Cooktown) to Hartert, 7 Feb. 1895. 6 Meek (Cooktown) to Rothschild, 9 Feb. 1895. 7 Meek (Kiriwina, Trobriand Islands) to Rothschild, 12 March 1895. 8 Meek (Kiriwina) to Rothschild, 30 March 1895. 9 Meek (Trobriand Islands) to Hartert, 31 March – 2 April 1895. 10 Meek (Trobriand Islands) to Hartert, 4 April 1895. 3 11 Meek (Kaibola, Trobriand Islands) to Karl Jordan, 13-24 April 1895. 12 Meek (Trobriand Islands) to Karl Jordan, 4 May [1895]. 13 Meek (Trobriand Islands) to Rothschild, 8 May 1895. 14 Meek (Kaibola, Trobriand Islands) to Jordan, 12 June [1895]. 15 Meek (Trobriand Islands) to [Rothschild], 11 July 1895. 16 Meek (Trobriand Islands) to Rothschild, 16 July [1895]. 17 Meek (Woodlark Island) to Jordan, 27 July [1895]. 18 Meek (Woodlark Island) to Hartert, 12 Aug. [1895]. 19 Meek (Cooktown) to Jordan, 19 Aug. [1894]. 20 Meek (Samarai) to ?, 30 Aug. [1894?]. 21 Meek (Cooktown) to Hartert, 24 Aug. [1894?] 22 Meek (Woodlark Island) to Hartert, 4 Oct. 1895. 23 Meek (Woodlark Island) to Jordan, 8 Nov. 1895. 24 Meek (Woodlark Island) to Hartert, 27 Nov. 1895. 25 Meek (Samarai) to Jordan, 19 Jan. 1896. 26 Meek (Cooktown) to Hartert, n.d. 27 Meek (Cooktown) to Rothschild, 28 Jan. [1896?]. 28 Meek (Rockhampton) to [Rothschild], 7 March 1896. 29 Meek (Rockhampton) to Hartert, 7 March 1896. 30 Meek (London) to Hartert, 10 May [1896?]. 31 Meek (London) to Hartert, n.d. 32 Meek (London) to Hartert, 17 June [1896?]. 33 Meek (London) to Hartert, 3 July [1896]. 34 Meek (London) to Jordan, 4 July [1896?]. 35 Meek (London) to Hartert, 13 July 1896. 36 Meek (London) to Jordan, 20 July [1896?]. 37 Meek (London) to Harttert, 24 July [1896?]. 38 Meek (London) to Hartert, 28 July [1896]. 39 Meek (London) to Hartert, 6 Aug. [1896?]. 40 Meek (London) to Jordan, 10 Aug. [1896]. 41 Meek (London) to Jordan, 12 Aug. 1896. 4 42 Meek (London) to Hartert, 14 Aug. [1896?]. 42a Meek (London) to Hartert, 19 Aug. [1896]. 43 Meek (RMS Origaba) to Hartert, 21 Aug. 1896. 44 Meek (Goodenough Island) to Hartert, 16 Dec. 1896. 45 Meek (Goodenough Island) to Hartert, 24 Dec. 1896. 46 Meek (Samarai) to Hartert, 7 Jan. 1897. 47 Meek (Woodlark Island) to [Rothschild], 5 Feb. 1897. 48 Meek (Woodlark Island) to Hartert, 9 Feb. 1897. 49 W. Whitton (Samarai) to Meek, 18 Feb. 1897. 50 Packing note, 9 March [1899?]. 51 Meek (Woodlark Island) to Hartert, 26 March 1897. 52 Meek (Woodlark Island) to Hartert, 28 April [1897?]. 53 Meek (Woodlark Island) to Jordan, 2 May [1897?]. 54 Meek (Fergusson Island) to Hartert, 30 May 1897. 55 Meek (Samarai) to Hartert, 9 July 1897. 56 Meek (Samarai) to Hartert, 24 July 1897. 57 Meek (St Aignan Island [Misima Island], British New Guinea) to [Rothschild], 19 Aug. 1897. 58 Meek (St Aignan Island) to Jordan, 3 Sept. 1897. 59 Meek (St Aignan Island) to Hartert, 10 Oct. 1897. 60 Meek (St Aignan Island) to [Rothschild], 18 Oct. 1897. 61 Meek (Cooktown) to Hartert, 24 Oct. [1896?]. 62 Meek (Goodenough Island) to Hartert, 26 Nov. [ 1896]. 63 Meek (Rossel Island, Louisiade Archipelago) to Jordan, 10 Jan. 1898. 64 Meek (off Sudest Island, Louisiade Archipelago) to [Rothschild], 11 Jan. 1898. 65 Meek (Rossel Island) to Hartert, 9 Feb. 1898. 66 Meek (Rossel Island) to Jordan, 16 Feb. 1898. 67 Meek (Sudest Island) to Hartert, 12 April 1898. 68 Meek (Sudest Island) to Jordan, 12 April 1898. 69 Meek (Samarai) to Hartert, 4 April [1900?] 70 Meek (Cooktown) to Jordan, 3 June [1898?] 71 Meek (Cooktown) to Hartert, 1 July [1898?]. 5 72 Meek (Cooktown) to Jordan, 9 July 1898. 73 Meek (Cooktown) to Hartert, 2 Sept. 1898. 74 Meek (Cooktown) to Jordan, 19 Sept. 1898. 75 Meek (cutter Calliope) to Jordan, 23 Nov. 1898. 76 Meek (Samarai) to [Rothschild], 10 Dec. 1898. 77 Meek (Samarai) to Hartert, 18 Jan. 1899. 78 Meek (Milne Bay, Papua) to [Rothschild], 13 Feb. 1899. 79 Meek (cutter Calliope) to Hartert, 10 March 1899. 80 Meek (Cooktown) to Hartert, 29 March 1899. 81 Meek (Cooktown) to Hartert, 21 Aug. 1899. 82 Meek (Cooktown) to Jordan, 26 Aug. [1899?] 83 Meek (Sariba Island) to Jordan, 19 Nov. 1899. 84 Meek (Cooktown) to Jordan, 30 Dec. 1899. 85 Cook (Saibai Island, Torres Strait) to Jordan, 29 Aug. 1900. 86 Meek (Saibai Island) to Hartert, 9 Dec. 1900. 87 G.C. Eichhorn (Gavutu Island, Solomon Islands) to Meek, 24 Dec.
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  • Black, White & Gold

    Black, White & Gold

    BLACK, WHITE & GOLD Goldmining in Papua New Guinea 1878–1930 BLACK, WHITE & GOLD Goldmining in Papua New Guinea 1878–1930 HANK NELSON Published by ANU Press The Australian National University Acton ACT 2601, Australia Email: [email protected] This title is also available online at press.anu.edu.au National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry Creator: Nelson, Hank, 1937-2012, author. Title: Black, white and gold : gold mining in Papua New Guinea, 1878-1930 / Hank Nelson. ISBN: 9781921934339 (paperback) 9781921934346 (ebook) Subjects: Gold mines and mining--Papua New Guinea--History. Gold miners--Papua New Guinea--History. Dewey Number: 622.3420995 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Cover design and layout by ANU Press. First published 1976 by The Australian National University Reprinted © 2016 ANU Press Preface Papua New Guinean communities living on islands in the Coral Sea, near creeks feeding the major rivers of the mainland, and in villages crowded along ridge-tops in the interior, gardened and hunted over land containing gold. Most of the men who came hungry for the gold were from Australia. They carried with them the skills to obtain it and the beliefs then common among Australian working men about foreigners and blacks. Most of the diggers believed that their guns and their brains made them superior to any ‘coloured’ men. Some also thought that they were physically superior, although that was harder to believe after 1902 when the first black American won a world boxing title.