Acupoint Sensitization, Acupuncture Analgesia, Acupuncture on Visceral Functional Disorders, and Its Mechanism

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Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Acupoint Sensitization, Acupuncture Analgesia, Acupuncture on Visceral Functional Disorders, and Its Mechanism

Guest Editors: Xiaochun Yu, Bing Zhu, Zhixiu Lin, Haifa Qiao, Jian Kong, and Xinyan Gao

Acupoint Sensitization, Acupuncture Analgesia, Acupuncture on Visceral Functional Disorders, and Its Mechanism

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Acupoint Sensitization, Acupuncture Analgesia, Acupuncture on Visceral Functional Disorders, and Its Mechanism

Guest Editors: Xiaochun Yu, Bing Zhu, Zhixiu Lin, Haifa Qiao, Jian Kong, and Xinyan Gao

Copyright © 2015 Hindawi Publishing Corporation. All rights reserved. is is a special issue published in “Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine .” All articles are open access articles distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Editorial Board

Mona Abdel-Tawab, Germany Jon Adams, Australia

  • Shun-Wan Chan, Hong Kong
  • Filippo Fratini, Italy

Il-Moo Chang, Republic of Korea Brett Froeliger, USA
Gabriel A. Agbor, Cameroon Ulysses P. Albuquerque, Brazil S. L. Aleryani, USA
Chun T. Che, USA Kevin Chen, USA Evan P. Cherniack, USA Salvatore Chirumbolo, Italy
Maria pia Fuggetta, Italy Joel J. Gagnier, Canada Siew Hua Gan, Malaysia Jian-Li Gao, China Mary K. Garcia, USA Susana Garcia de Arriba, Germany D. G. Gime´nez, Spain
Ather Ali, USA M. S. Ali-Shtayeh, State of Palestine Jae Youl Cho, Republic of Korea

  • Gianni Allais, Italy
  • K. B. Christensen, Denmark

  • Shuang-En Chuang, Taiwan
  • Terje Alraek, Norway

Shrikant Anant, USA Isabel Andjar, Spain
Y. N. Clement, Trinidad and Tobago Gabino Garrido, Chile

  • Paolo Coghi, Italy
  • Ipek Goktepe, Qatar

Letizia Angiolella, Italy Virginia A. Aparicio, Spain Makoto Arai, Japan Hyunsu Bae, Republic of Korea Giacinto Bagetta, Italy Onesmo B. Balemba, USA Winfried Banzer, Germany Panos Barlas, UK

  • Marisa Colone, Italy
  • Michael Goldstein, USA

Yuewen Gong, Canada Settimio Grimaldi, Italy Gloria Gronowicz, USA Maruti Ram Gudavalli, USA Alessandra Guerrini, Italy Narcis Gusi, Spain
Lisa A. Conboy, USA Kieran Cooley, Canada Edwin L. Cooper, USA Olivia Corcoran, UK Muriel Cuendet, Switzerland Roberto K. N. Cuman, Brazil Vincenzo De Feo, Italy Roc´ıo De la Puerta, Spain Laura De Martino, Italy Nunziatina De Tommasi, Italy Alexandra Deters, Germany Farzad Deyhim, USA
Svein Haavik, Norway Solomon Habtemariam, UK Abid Hamid, India
Vernon A. Barnes, USA Samra Bashir, Pakistan Purusotam Basnet, Norway Jairo Kennup Bastos, Brazil Sujit Basu, USA
Michael G. Hammes, Germany Kuzhuvelil B. Harikumar, India Cory S. Harris, Canada Jan Hartvigsen, Denmark ierry Hennebelle, France Lise Hestbaek, Denmark Eleanor Holroyd, Australia Markus Horneber, Germany Ching-Liang Hsieh, Taiwan Benny T. K. Huat, Singapore Roman Huber, Germany Helmut Hugel, Australia Ciara Hughes, UK

  • Arpita Basu, USA
  • Manuela Di Franco, Italy

George David Baxter, New Zealand Claudia Di Giacomo, Italy Andre´-Michael Beer, Germany Alvin J. Beitz, USA
Antonella Di Sotto, Italy M.-G. Dijoux-Franca, France

  • Luciana Dini, Italy
  • Louise Bennett, Australia

Maria Camilla Bergonzi, Italy Anna R. Bilia, Italy
Tieraona L. Dog, USA Caigan Du, Canada
Yong C. Boo, Republic of Korea Monica Borgatti, Italy Francesca Borrelli, Italy Gloria Brusotti, Italy
Jeng-Ren Duann, Taiwan Nativ Dudai, Israel omas Efferth, Germany

  • Abir El-Alfy, USA
  • Attila Hunyadi, Hungary

  • Sumiko Hyuga, Japan
  • Arndt Bu¨ssing, Germany

Rainer W. Bussmann, USA Andrew J. Butler, USA Gioacchino Calapai, Italy Giuseppe Caminiti, Italy Raffaele Capasso, Italy Francesco Cardini, Italy Opher Caspi, Israel
Tobias Esch, USA Giuseppe Esposito, Italy Keturah R. Faurot, USA Yibin Feng, Hong Kong Nianping Feng, China Patricia D. Fernandes, Brazil Josue Fernandez-Carnero, Spain Antonella Fioravanti, Italy Fabio Firenzuoli, Italy Peter Fisher, UK
H. Stephen Injeyan, Canada Chie Ishikawa, Japan Angelo A. Izzo, Italy Chris J. Branford-White, UK Suresh Jadhav, India G. K. Jayaprakasha, USA Stefanie Joos, Germany

  • Zeev L Kain, USA
  • Subrata Chakrabarti, Canada

  • Pierre Champy, France
  • Osamu Kanauchi, Japan

  • Wenyi Kang, China
  • Karin Meissner, Germany

Albert S Mellick, Australia A. G. Mensah-Nyagan, France Andreas Michalsen, Germany Oliver Micke, Germany Roberto Miniero, Italy Giovanni Mirabella, Italy David Mischoulon, USA Francesca Mondello, Italy Albert Moraska, USA
Cheppail Ramachandran, USA

  • Elia Ranzato, Italy
  • Shao-Hsuan Kao, Taiwan

Juntra Karbwang, USA Kenji Kawakita, Japan Deborah A. Kennedy, Canada C.-H. Kim, Republic of Korea Y. C. Kim, Republic of Korea Yoshiyuki Kimura, Japan Toshiaki Kogure, Japan Jian Kong, USA
Ke Ren, USA Man H. Rhee, Republic of Korea Luigi Ricciardiello, Italy Daniela Rigano, Italy Jose´ L. R´ıos, Spain Paolo Roberti di Sarsina, Italy Mariangela Rondanelli, Italy Omar Said, Israel
Tetsuya Konishi, Japan Karin Kraſt, Germany Omer Kucuk, USA Victor Kuete, Cameroon Yiu W. Kwan, Hong Kong Kuang C. Lai, Taiwan Ilaria Lampronti, Italy Lixing Lao, Hong Kong Christian Lehmann, Canada Marco Leonti, Italy
Giuseppe Morgia, Italy Mark Moss, UK
Avni Sali, Australia Mohd Z. Salleh, Malaysia Andreas Sandner-Kiesling, Austria Manel Santafe, Spain
Yoshiharu Motoo, Japan Kamal D. Moudgil, USA Yoshiki Mukudai, Japan Frauke Musial, Germany MinKyun Na, Republic of Korea Hajime Nakae, Japan Srinivas Nammi, Australia Krishnadas Nandakumar, India Vitaly Napadow, USA Michele Navarra, Italy Isabella Neri, Italy Pratibha V. Nerurkar, USA Karen Nieber, Germany Menachem Oberbaum, Israel Martin Offenbaecher, Germany Junetsu Ogasawara, Japan Ki-Wan Oh, Republic of Korea Yoshiji Ohta, Japan
Tadaaki Satou, Japan Michael A. Savka, USA Claudia Scherr, Switzerland G. Schmeda-Hirschmann, Chile Andrew Scholey, Australia Roland Schoop, Switzerland Sven Schro¨der, Germany Herbert Schwabl, Switzerland Veronique Seidel, UK
Lawrence Leung, Canada Shahar Lev-ari, Israel Xiu-Min Li, USA Chun G. Li, Australia Min Li, China
Senthamil R. Selvan, USA Felice Senatore, Italy Hongcai Shang, China Ronald Sherman, USA Karen J. Sherman, USA Kuniyoshi Shimizu, Japan Kan Shimpo, Japan Yukihiro Shoyama, Japan Morry Silberstein, Australia K. N. S. Sirajudeen, Malaysia Graeme Smith, UK Chang-Gue Son, Republic of Korea Rachid Soulimani, France Didier Stien, France Con Stough, Australia Annarita Stringaro, Italy Shan-Yu Su, Taiwan Barbara Swanson, USA Giuseppe Tagarelli, Italy O. Taglialatela-Scafati, Italy Takashi Takeda, Japan Ghee T. Tan, USA
Bi-Fong Lin, Taiwan Ho Lin, Taiwan Christopher G. Lis, USA Gerhard Litscher, Austria I-Min Liu, Taiwan Yijun Liu, USA V´ıctor Lo´pez, Spain omas Lundeberg, Sweden Filippo Maggi, Italy
Olumayokun A. Olajide, UK omas Ostermann, Germany Siyaram Pandey, Canada Bhushan Patwardhan, India Berit S. Paulsen, Norway Philip Peplow, New Zealand Florian Pfab, Germany Sonia Piacente, Italy
Valentina Maggini, Italy Gail B. Mahady, USA Jamal Mahajna, Israel Juraj Majtan, Slovakia Francesca Mancianti, Italy Carmen Mannucci, Italy A.-M. Manuel, Spain Fulvio Marzatico, Italy Marta Marzotto, Italy James H. McAuley, Australia Kristine McGrath, Australia James S. McLay, UK
Andrea Pieroni, Italy Richard Pietras, USA Andrew Pipingas, Australia Jose M. Prieto, UK Haifa Qiao, USA Waris Qidwai, Pakistan Xianqin Qu, Australia E. Ferreira Queiroz, Switzerland Roja Rahimi, Iran
Hirofumi Tanaka, USA Lay Kek Teh, Malaysia Norman Temple, Canada
Lewis Mehl-Madrona, USA

  • Peter Meiser, Germany
  • Khalid Rahman, UK

Mayank akur, Germany Menaka C. ounaojam, USA Evelin Tiralongo, Australia Stephanie Tjen-A-Looi, USA Michal Tomczyk, Poland Loren Toussaint, USA Yew-Min Tzeng, Taiwan Dawn M. Upchurch, USA Konrad Urech, Switzerland Takuhiro Uto, Japan
Giuseppe Venturella, Italy Pradeep Visen, Canada Aristo Vojdani, USA Dawn Wallerstedt, USA Shu-Ming Wang, USA Chong-Zhi Wang, USA Yong Wang, USA Jonathan L. Wardle, Australia Kenji Watanabe, Japan J. Wattanathorn, ailand Michael Weber, Germany Silvia Wein, Germany
Darren R. Williams, Republic of Korea Christopher Worsnop, Australia Haruki Yamada, Japan Nobuo Yamaguchi, Japan Ling Yang, China Junqing Yang, China Eun J. Yang, Republic of Korea Ken Yasukawa, Japan Albert S. Yeung, USA Armando Zarrelli, Italy Chris Zaslawski, Australia Ruixin Zhang, USA
Sandy van Vuuren, South Africa Alfredo Vannacci, Italy Subramanyam Vemulpad, Australia Janelle Wheat, Australia

  • Carlo Ventura, Italy
  • Jenny M. Wilkinson, Australia

Contents

Acupoint Sensitization, Acupuncture Analgesia, Acupuncture on Visceral Functional Disorders, and Its

Mechanism, Xiaochun Yu, Bing Zhu, Zhixiu Lin, Haifa Qiao, Jian Kong, and Xinyan Gao Volume 2015, Article ID 171759, 1 pages

Influences of Deqi on Immediate Analgesia Effect of Needling SP6 (Sanyinjiao) in Patients with Primary Dysmenorrhea in Cold and Dampness Stagnation Pattern: Study Protocol for a Randomized

Controlled Trial, Yu-qi Liu, Peng Zhang, Jie-ping Xie, Liang-xiao Ma, Hong-wen Yuan, Jing Li, Chi Lin, Pei Wang, Guo-yan Yang, and Jiang Zhu Volume 2015, Article ID 238790, 6 pages

Acupuncture for Functional Dyspepsia: A Single Blinded, Randomized, Controlled Trial, Yulian Jin,

Qing Zhao, Kehua Zhou, Xianghong Jing, Xiaochun Yu, Jiliang Fang, Zhishun Liu, and Bing Zhu Volume 2015, Article ID 904926, 9 pages

Discovery of Acupoints and Combinations with Potential to Treat Vascular Dementia: A Data Mining

Analysis, Shuwei Feng, Yulan Ren, Shilin Fan, Minyu Wang, Tianxiao Sun, Fang Zeng, Ping Li, and Fanrong Liang Volume 2015, Article ID 310591, 12 pages

Effects of Deep Electroacupuncture Stimulation at “Huantiao” (GB 30) on Expression of Apoptosis-Related Factors in Rats with Acute Sciatic Nerve Injury, Lili Dai, Yanjing Han, Tieming Ma,

Yuli Liu, Lu Ren, Zenghua Bai, and Ye Li Volume 2015, Article ID 157897, 8 pages

Function of Nucleus Ventralis Posterior Lateralis alami in Acupoint Sensitization Phenomena,

Pei-Jing Rong, Jing-Jun Zhao, Ling-Ling Yu, Liang Li, Hui Ben, Shao-Yuan Li, and Bing Zhu Volume 2015, Article ID 516851, 6 pages

Analysis and oughts about the Negative Results of International Clinical Trials on Acupuncture,

Wei-hong Liu, Yang Hao, Yan-jing Han, Xiao-hong Wang, Chen Li, and Wan-ning Liu Volume 2015, Article ID 671242, 14 pages

Efficacy of Acupuncture in Children with Nocturnal Enuresis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

of Randomized Controlled Trials, Zheng-tao Lv, Wen Song, Jing Wu, Jun Yang, Tao Wang, Cai-hua Wu, Fang Gao, Xiao-cui Yuan, Ji-hong Liu, and Man Li Volume 2015, Article ID 320701, 12 pages

Regulation of Neurotrophin-3 and Interleukin-1ꢀ and Inhibition of Spinal Glial Activation Contribute to the Analgesic Effect of Electroacupuncture in Chronic Neuropathic Pain States of Rats, Wenzhan Tu,

Wansheng Wang, Haiyan Xi, Rong He, Liping Gao, and Songhe Jiang Volume 2015, Article ID 642081, 9 pages

Brain Network Response to Acupuncture Stimuli in Experimental Acute Low Back Pain: An fMRI

Study, Yu Shi, Ziping Liu, Shanshan Zhang, Qiang Li, Shigui Guo, Jiangming Yang, and Wen Wu Volume 2015, Article ID 210120, 13 pages

Effect of Repeated Electroacupuncture Intervention on Hippocampal ERK and p38MAPK Signaling in

Neuropathic Pain Rats, Jun-ying Wang, Shu-ping Chen, Yong-hui Gao, Li-na Qiao, Jian-liang Zhang, and Jun-ling Liu Volume 2015, Article ID 641286, 10 pages

Eye Acupuncture Treatment for Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis, Zeng-Hua Bai,

Zhi-Xing Zhang, Chun-Ri Li, Mei Wang, Meong-Ju Kim, Hui Guo, Chun-Yan Wang, Tong-Wu Xiao, Yuan Chi, Lu Ren, Zhong-Yue Gu, and Ran Xu Volume 2015, Article ID 871327, 11 pages

Effect of Acupuncture on Functional Connectivity of Anterior Cingulate Cortex for Bell’s Palsy Patients

with Different Clinical Duration, Hongli Wu, Hongxing Kan, Chuanfu Li, Kyungmo Park, Yifang Zhu, Abdalla Z. Mohamed, Chunsheng Xu, Yuanyuan Wu, Wei Zhang, and Jun Yang Volume 2015, Article ID 646872, 7 pages

e Study of Dynamic Characteristic of Acupoints Based on the Primary Dysmenorrhea Patients with the Tenderness Reflection on Diji (SP 8), Sheng Chen, Yanhuan Miao, Yinan Nan, Yanping Wang, Qi Zhao,

Enhui He, Yini Sun, and Jiping Zhao Volume 2015, Article ID 158012, 9 pages

Hindawi Publishing Corporation Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine Volume 2015, Article ID 171759, 1 page http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/171759

Editorial

Acupoint Sensitization, Acupuncture Analgesia, Acupuncture on Visceral Functional Disorders, and Its Mechanism

Xiaochun Yu,1 Bing Zhu,1 Zhixiu Lin,2 Haifa Qiao,3 Jian Kong,4 and Xinyan Gao1

1 Institute of Acupuncture, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 16 Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimen, Beijing 100700, China 2School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong 3Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, 1115 W. Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA 4Massachusetts General Hospital, Building 120, 2nd Street, Suite 101C, Charlestown, MA, USA

Correspondence should be addressed to Xiaochun Yu; [email protected] Received 14 May 2015; Accepted 21 May 2015 Copyright © 2015 Xiaochun Yu et al. is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Our special issue, which had opened for 6 months in the second half of 2014, focused on acupoint sensitization, acupuncture analgesia, acupuncture for visceral modulation in gastrointestinal systems, acupuncture for modulation of brain function, acupoint combination treatment of insomnia and gastrointestinal disorders, and nonspecific and specific effects of acupuncture based on stimulation intensity. blinded, randomized, controlled trial on acupuncture treatment of functional dyspepsia and found that acupuncture manipulation exhibited better effects on improving dyspeptic symptoms, mental status, and quality of life in patients with FD than nonacupoint without manipulation.
In general, we have papers involving clinical trials, data mining analysis or study protocol, and basic research in press, which thoroughly meet the expectation of our initial call for papers of this issue.
Of these papers in press, S. Chen et al. reported that the location and tenderness of Diji (SP8) were not the same in healthy subjects as in dysmenorrheal patients, suggesting dynamic and sensitivity of acupoints under different pathological status. S. Feng et al. did data mining analysis on acupoints or combinations for treatment of vascular dementia and gave suggestions for acupoint selection based on the most commonly used formulas. L. Dai et al. performed basic research in a sciatic nerve injury rat model and found that deep EA stimulation is better in improving neuromuscular function and benign regulation of apoptosis-related factors than shallow EA. J. Wang et al., based on their previous study that hippocampal mAChR-1 participating in MARK signaling was involved in EA induced cumulative analgesia in neuropathic pain rats, observed in their present study that EA2W was closely related to the cumulative analgesia via intracellular ERK and p38 MARK signaling. P. Rong et al. observed that, in anesthetized rats, EA on ST36-ST37 could enhance nucleus ventralis posterior lateralis thalami neuronal discharges which were fired by CRD-induced visceral pain. eir study indicates that acupoints may be sensitized under visceral disorders. Y. Jin et al. conducted a single

Acknowledgments

We thank all authors for their excellent contributions and reviewers for their valuable help. e Lead Guest Editor would like to thank the five Guest Editors for their dedicated cooperation. We hope the special issue will bring readers useful academic reference in their research.

Xiaochun Yu
Bing Zhu Zhixiu Lin Haifa Qiao Jian Kong Xinyan Gao

Hindawi Publishing Corporation Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine Volume 2015, Article ID 238790, 6 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/238790

Research Article

Influences of Deqi on Immediate Analgesia Effect of Needling SP6 (Sanyinjiao) in Patients with Primary Dysmenorrhea in Cold and Dampness Stagnation Pattern: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial

Yu-qi Liu,1,2 Peng Zhang,1,3 Jie-ping Xie,1,4 Liang-xiao Ma,1,4 Hong-wen Yuan,5 Jing Li,1 Chi Lin,1 Pei Wang,1 Guo-yan Yang,1 and Jiang Zhu1,4

1 School of Acupuncture Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China 2Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China 3Beijing Tongren Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China 4e Key Unit of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Evaluation of Characteristic Acupuncture erapy, Beijing 100029, China
5School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China

Correspondence should be addressed to Jiang Zhu; [email protected] Received 22 August 2014; Revised 9 November 2014; Accepted 19 November 2014 Academic Editor: Xinyan Gao Copyright © 2015 Yu-qi Liu et al. is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Deqi, according to traditional Chinese medicine, is a specific needle sensation during the retention of needles at certain acupoints and is considered to be necessary to produce therapeutic effects from acupuncture. Although some modern researches have showed that Deqi is essential for producing acupuncture analgesia and anesthesia, the data are not enough. It is a paper of a multicenter, randomized controlled study protocol, to evaluate the influences of Deqi on acupuncture SP6 in Cold and Dampness Stagnation pattern primary dysmenorrhea patients, in terms of reducing pain and anxiety, and to find out the relationship between Deqi and the temperature changes at SP6 (Sanyinjiao) and CV4 (Guanyuan). e results of this trial will be helpful to explain the role of Deqi in acupuncture analgesia and may provide a new objective index for measuring Deqi in the future study. is trial is registered with

ChiCTR-TRC-13003086.

1. Introduction

the response of brain [5, 6]. For acupuncturists, they can feel a change of the mechanical behavior of the tissues surrounding the needle, such as an increase of the force necessary to pull the needle out of the tissue (pullout force) [7]. Although some modern research showed that Deqi is essential for producing acupuncture analgesia and anesthesia [8], new evidence to confirm the conclusion is still urgently needed [9, 10].
Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) refers to painful menstrual cramps without any evident pathology. It is characterized by crampy suprapubic pain with radiation into the lower quadrants, the lumbar area, and the thighs [11]. PD is a common gynecological complaint and significantly affects study, work, sports, and social activities [12–18]. So far nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or oral contraceptive
Deqi, according to records in both ancient and modern books of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is a specific needle sensation which usually occurs during retention of acupuncture needles at certain acupoints, and both patients and acupuncturists can feel the Deqi sensation. It is regarded as a necessary factor for producing effects from acupuncture following traditional Chinese medicine theory. Patients can feel Deqi as multiple sensations at the needling acupoints and along the meridians sometime, such as soreness, numbness, distension, or a minimal muscular contraction around the needle [1–3] and also objective physiological changes, such as the skin temperature changes at the acupoints [4] or

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pills (OCPs) are widely advocated as standard treatments for women with PD [19, 20]. However, acupuncture as nonpharmacological approaches has great potential value.
Acupuncture is one of the main treatment modalities of
TCM. Several trials [21, 22] have already demonstrated the encouraging results of acupuncture as a nonpharmacological option for the treatment of PD. Two systematic reviews also demonstrated the effect [23] and cost-effectiveness [24] of this therapy. e acupoint SP6 (Sanyinjiao) is found to be one of the most commonly used points encountered when searching ancient Chinese medical classics, Chinese acupuncture textbooks, and clinical trials using acupuncture-related therapies for PD [25, 26]. Previous randomized controlled trials have showed that acupuncture at SP6 (Sanyinjiao) can relieve the pain of PD immediately [27–29] especially for PD patients with Cold and Dampness Stagnation pattern [30], which is the most common pattern in PD patients [31, 32]. Langevin’s study [7] also showed that, compared with the nonacupoint control group, the average pullout force in SP6 (Sanyinjiao) was greater, which suggested that SP6 (Sanyinjiao) might be especially sensitive in Deqi.
In this study, we will perform a randomized controlled trial using SP6 to investigate the influences of Deqi on immediate analgesia effects in PD patients with Cold and Dampness Stagnation pattern. e primary objective of this trial is to evaluate the influences of Deqi on acupuncture therapy, in terms of pain reduction (measured on a 0–100 mm visual analogue scale for pain (VAS-P)) achieved before and aſter intervention (i.e., before and aſter 30 minutes of treatment). e secondary objectives are as follows: (1) to evaluate the influences of anxiety reduction on a 0–100 mm visual analogue scale for anxiety (VAS-A) and (2) to evaluate the influences of temperature changes at SP6 (Sanyinjiao) and CV4 (Guanyuan) acupoints monitor by a digital infrared thermographic imaging device (only in the Dongzhimen Hospital). calculating sample size for further studies. Assuming a dropout rate of 20%, we will plan to enroll a total of 96 participants with 48 in each group.

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    University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Masters Theses Dissertations and Theses July 2016 Youth Narrative in Feng Tang's The Beijing Trilogy Mingjia Zhang University of Massachusetts Amherst Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/masters_theses_2 Part of the Chinese Studies Commons Recommended Citation Zhang, Mingjia, "Youth Narrative in Feng Tang's The Beijing Trilogy" (2016). Masters Theses. 385. https://doi.org/10.7275/8580321 https://scholarworks.umass.edu/masters_theses_2/385 This Open Access Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Dissertations and Theses at ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Youth Narrative in Feng Tang’s The Beijing Trilogy A Thesis Presented by MINGJIA ZHANG Submitted to the Graduate school of the University of Massachusetts Amherst in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS May 2016 Asian Languages and Literatures Youth narrative in Feng Tang’s The Beijing Trilogy A Thesis Presented By MINGJIA ZHANG Approved as to style and content by: ____________________________________ Enhua Zhang, Chair ____________________________________ David K. Schineider, Member ____________________________________ Zhongwei Shen, Member _________________________________________ Stephen Miller, Director Asian Languages and Literatures Department of Languages, Literatures and Cultures _________________________________________ William Moebius, Chair Department of Languages, Literatures and Cultures ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my advisor Professor Enhua Zhang for helping me all the way with my thesis; Professor David K. Schneider and Professor Zhongwei Shen for serving on my committee and giving me helpful advice and encouragement; all the faculty in the Chinese program; and my classmates; my family and friends.
  • Natural Products And/Or Isolated Compounds on Wound Healing

    Natural Products And/Or Isolated Compounds on Wound Healing

    Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine Natural Products and/or Isolated Compounds on Wound Healing Lead Guest Editor: Christian Agyare Guest Editors: Abidemi J. Akindele and Vanessa Steenkamp Natural Products and/or Isolated Compounds on Wound Healing Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine Natural Products and/or Isolated Compounds on Wound Healing Lead Guest Editor: Christian Agyare Guest Editors: Abidemi J. Akindele and Vanessa Steenkamp Copyright © 2019 Hindawi. All rights reserved. This is a special issue published in “Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine.” All articles are open access articles distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Editorial Board Mona Abdel-Tawab, Germany Marisa Colone, Italy Narcís Gusi, Spain Rosaria Acquaviva, Italy Lisa A. Conboy, USA Svein Haavik, Norway GabrielA.Agbor,Cameroon Kieran Cooley, Canada Solomon Habtemariam, UK U. Paulino Albuquerque, Brazil Edwin L. Cooper, USA Michael G. Hammes, Germany Samir Lutf Aleryani, USA Maria T. Cruz, Portugal Kuzhuvelil B. Harikumar, India M. S. Ali-Shtayeh, Palestine RobertoK.N.Cuman,Brazil Ken Haruma, Japan Gianni Allais, Italy Ademar A. Da Silva Filho, Brazil Thierry Hennebelle, France Terje Alraek, Norway Giuseppe D’Antona, Italy Markus Horneber, Germany Adolfo Andrade-Cetto, Mexico Vincenzo De Feo, Italy Ching-Liang Hsieh, Taiwan Isabel Andújar, Spain Rocío De la Puerta, Spain BennyT.K.Huat,Singapore Letizia Angiolella, Italy Laura De Martino, Italy Helmut Hugel, Australia Makoto Arai, Japan AntonioC.P.deOliveira,Brazil Ciara Hughes, Ireland Hyunsu Bae, Republic of Korea Arthur De Sá Ferreira, Brazil Attila Hunyadi, Hungary Giacinto Bagetta, Italy Nunziatina De Tommasi, Italy H.
  • Deqi Sensation in Different Kinds of Acupuncture

    Deqi Sensation in Different Kinds of Acupuncture

    Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine Deqi Sensation in Different Kinds of Acupuncture Guest Editors: Cun-Zhi Liu, Gerhard Litscher, Fan-Rong Liang, Jian Kong, Lin-Peng Wang, and Lu Wang Deqi Sensation in Different Kinds of Acupuncture Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine Deqi Sensation in Different Kinds of Acupuncture Guest Editors: Cun-Zhi Liu, Gerhard Litscher, Fan-Rong Liang, Jian Kong, Lin-Peng Wang, and Lu Wang Copyright © 2014 Hindawi Publishing Corporation. All rights reserved. This is a special issue published in “Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine.” All articles are open access articles distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Editorial Board M. A. Abdulla, Malaysia Jen-Hwey Chiu, Taiwan Ching-Liang Hsieh, Taiwan Jon Adams, Australia W. Chi-shing Cho, Hong Kong Jing Hu, China Zuraini Ahmad, Malaysia Jae Youl Cho, Korea Sheng-Teng Huang, Taiwan U. P. Albuquerque, Brazil Seung-Hun Cho, Republic of Korea BennyTanKwongHuat,Singapore Gianni Allais, Italy Chee Yan Choo, Malaysia Roman Huber, Germany Terje Alraek, Norway Li-Fang Chou, Taiwan Angelo Antonio Izzo, Italy Souliman Amrani, Morocco Ryowon Choue, Republic of Korea Suresh Jadhav, India Akshay Anand, India Shuang-En Chuang, Taiwan Kanokwan Jarukamjorn, Thailand Shrikant Anant, USA J.-H. Chung, Republic of Korea Yong Jiang , China Manuel Arroyo-Morales, Spain Edwin L. Cooper, USA Zheng L. Jiang, China Syed B. Asdaq, Saudi Arabia Gregory D. Cramer, USA Stefanie Joos, Germany Seddigheh Asgary, Iran Meng Cui, China Sirajudeen K. N. S., Malaysia Hyunsu Bae, Republic of Korea Roberto N.
  • Compilation 20 June Thesis Kristin Scheel Lunde

    Compilation 20 June Thesis Kristin Scheel Lunde

    Lunde, Kristin Scheel (2018) 13th ‐ 14th century Yuan and Mongol silk‐gold textiles: transcultural consumption, meaning and reception in the Mongol empire and in Europe. PhD thesis. SOAS University of London. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/30322 Copyright © and Moral Rights for this thesis are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non‐commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder/s. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. When referring to this thesis, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given e.g. AUTHOR (year of submission) "Full thesis title", name of the School or Department, PhD Thesis, pagination. 13th – 14th Century Yuan and Mongol Silk-Gold Textiles: Transcultural Consumption, meaning and reception in the Mongol Empire and in Europe Kristin Scheel Lunde A thesis submitted for the degree of MPhil 2017 Department of the History of Arts and Archaeology SOAS, London University 1 Abstract This thesis examines the material and visual characteristics of silk-gold textiles produced in the Mongol empire during the 13th and 14th century. Their consumption and reception both within and beyond the Mongol empire is a central theme. Beginning with a discussion of the various consumption patterns of gold textiles and their multiple uses among the members of the Mongol elite, I then examine the eclectic gold designs and ornaments of the textiles and their symbolic representations in relation to aesthetics, cosmology and identity.
  • Vol. 17/18 (2018) Crossroads Studies on the History of Exchange Relations in the East Asian World

    Vol. 17/18 (2018) Crossroads Studies on the History of Exchange Relations in the East Asian World

    Crossroads Studies on the History of Exchange Relations in the East Asian World OSTASIEN Verlag Vol. 17/18 (2018) Crossroads Studies on the History of Exchange Relations in the East Asian World 縱横 東亞世界交流史研究 クロスロード 東アジア世界の交流史研究 크로스로드 東아시아世界의交流史研究 Vol. 17/18 (2018) OSTASIEN Verlag All inscriptions from the Turfan region shown on the cover page can be found on the website “Xibu bianchui de qipa: Tulufan (Gaochang) muzhuan shufa” 西部边陲的奇葩—吐鲁番 (高昌) 墓砖书法 [www.sohu.com/a/237616750_100140832]. Black-and-White photos of these inscriptions are published in the monograph Tulufan chutu zhuanzhi jizhu 吐魯番出土磚誌集註, ed. by Hou Can 侯燦 and Wu Meilin 吳美琳. Chengdu: Bashu, 2004. [Top left:] Tang Kaiyuan 26 nian (738) Zhang Yungan ji qi mubiao 唐開元廿六年張運感及妻墓表 (p. 640, fig. 315); [left centre:] Gaochang Yanhe 11 nian (612) Zhang Zhongqing qi Jiaoshi mubiao 高昌延和十一年張 仲慶妻焦氏墓表 (p. 284, fig. 138); [bottom left:] Gaochang Yanchang 26 nian (586) zhongbing canjun Xinshi mubiao 高昌延昌廿六年中兵參軍辛氏墓表 (p. 176, fig. 81); [Top right:] Tang Yongchun 2 nian (683) Zhang Huan furen Qu Lian muzhiming 唐永淳二年張歡夫人麹連墓志 銘 (p. 575, fig. 292); [bottom right:] Gaochang Chongguang 1 nian (620) Zhang Azhi zi mubiao 高昌重光元年張阿質兒墓表 (p. 323, fig. 157). Editor in chief: Angela SCHOTTENHAMMER (Salzburg, Austria; McGill, Montreal, Canada; KU Leuven, Belgium) Co-Editors: Maddalena BARENGHI (Venezia, Italy) Alexander JOST (Salzburg, Austria) KOBAYASHI Fumihiko 小林史彦 (New York, USA) LI Jinxiu 李锦锈 (Beijing, China) LI Man 李漫 (Gent, Belgium) Achim MITTAG (Tübingen, Germany) Elke PAPELITZKY (Shanghai, China) PARK Hyunhee 박현희 朴賢熙 (New York, USA) Barbara SEYOCK (Bochum, Germany) This issue of Crossroads, dedicated to Chen Zhenxiu 陈朕秀 (1991–2019), has been edited with special assistance of Alexander Jost and Li Man.
  • Deconstructing Shanzhai–China's Copycat Counterculture

    Deconstructing Shanzhai–China's Copycat Counterculture

    Deconstructing Shanzhai–China’s Copycat Counterculture: Catch Me If You Can WILLIAM HENNESSEY* “Why join the navy if you can be a pirate?” —Steve Jobs “Truth becomes fiction when the fiction’s true, Real becomes not real when the unreal’s real” — Cao Xueqin, (1715-64) Dream of the Red Chamber1 I. INTRODUCTION: WHAT IS THE SHANZHAI? What is a “Chinese copy”?2 And why does China have a reputation as the quintessential “copycat culture,” where nimble knock-offs of virtually any article are in the daily news and respect for and protection of the intel- lectual property owned by others is widely perceived to be either weak or 3 non-existent? Are copying and creativity diametrical opposites, two sides * Professor, Asian Studies Program and School of Law, University of New Hampshire. With thanks to Jon Cavicchi, Kathy Fletcher, Will Grimes, Tom Hemstock, Barry Shanks, and Naiying Yuan for research assistance and insights, and to the editorial staff of the Campbell Law Review. 1. CAO XUEQIN, THE STORY OF THE STONE 55 (David Hawkes trans., Penguin 1973). 2. The Online Britannica Dictionary defines “Chinese copy” as “an exact imitation or duplicate that includes defects as well as desired qualities” and dates its first use in 1920. Search Results: copy, BRITANNICA ONLINE ENCYCLOPEDIA, http://www.britannica.com/bps/dictionary?query=copy (last visited Mar. 15, 2012). 3. JOE KARAGANIS ET AL., MEDIA PIRACY IN EMERGING ECONOMIES (Joe Karaganis ed., Social Science Research Council 2011) [hereinafter SSRC PIRACY REPORT], available at http://piracy.ssrc.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/MPEE-PDF-1.0.4.pdf.
  • Mental Hygiene Promotion in Republican Shanghai by Jinping Ma

    Mental Hygiene Promotion in Republican Shanghai by Jinping Ma

    A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of PhD at the University of Warwick Permanent WRAP URL: http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/143621 Copyright and reuse: This thesis is made available online and is protected by original copyright. Please scroll down to view the document itself. Please refer to the repository record for this item for information to help you to cite it. Our policy information is available from the repository home page. For more information, please contact the WRAP Team at: [email protected] warwick.ac.uk/lib-publications Remoulding the Chinese Mind: Mental Hygiene Promotion in Republican Shanghai by Jinping Ma Thesis Submitted to the University of Warwick for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of History September 2019 Table of Contents Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................. i Acknowledgements .......................................................................................................................... v Declarations .................................................................................................................................. viii Abstract .......................................................................................................................................... ix Abbreviations ................................................................................................................................. xi List of Figures and Tables ............................................................................................................
  • An Examination of Religion in the Literature of Su Xuelin, Bing Xin, and Xu Dishan

    An Examination of Religion in the Literature of Su Xuelin, Bing Xin, and Xu Dishan

    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2018 From Alienated To Connected: An Examination Of Religion In The Literature Of Su Xuelin, Bing Xin, And Xu Dishan Gina M. Elia University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Asian Studies Commons, English Language and Literature Commons, and the Religion Commons Recommended Citation Elia, Gina M., "From Alienated To Connected: An Examination Of Religion In The Literature Of Su Xuelin, Bing Xin, And Xu Dishan" (2018). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 2835. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/2835 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/2835 For more information, please contact [email protected]. From Alienated To Connected: An Examination Of Religion In The Literature Of Su Xuelin, Bing Xin, And Xu Dishan Abstract The literature of Bing Xin 冰心 (birth name Xie Wanying 谢婉莹) (1900-1999), Su Xuelin 苏雪林 (1897-1999), and Xu Dishan 许地山 (1893-1941) concerning religiosity is dismissed in previous scholarship by C.T. Hsia, Lewis Robinson, Marian Galik, Chen Weihua, and Yang Jianlong as reflecting simply the personal experiences of the authors themselves rather than as political or social commentary. I argue for a reading of these three authors’ literature that acknowledges its efforts to engage with contemporaneous debates on the relationship of religion and modernization. Using close-reading and intertextual analysis, I argue that within the narratives of these three authors’ literature, identifying as religious or participating in religious cultural phenomena is for protagonists linked to cultivating the skill of focusing on the well-being of others.