Prsrt std U.S. Postage the steel institute of new york the ornamental metal institute of new york paid 211 east 43rd street, suite 804 PUBLISHED BY THE STEEL INSTITUTE OF NEW YORK AND THE ORNAMENTAL METAL INSTITUTE OF NEW YORK new york ny 10017 permit no. 161 lancaster, pa SPRING 10

Alice Tully hall and the juilliard school / city college of new york school of architecture / frank sinatra school of the arts / NEW YORK LAW SCHOOL / 41 cooper square / one jackson square / published by the standard hotel / monroe high school annex Contents Editor’s note spring 10 Test of strength

1 Over the years, our introduce its own testing is Editor’s Note building codes have expanded unlikely to reduce them. Since beyond their traditional focus on virtually every structural material 2 Alice Tully Hall and life safety to include requirements must undergo strength testing, the Juilliard School for social initiatives such as it’s reasonable to ask why steel energy conservation, accessibility isn’t also at risk of testing fraud. 8 for the disabled, and historic Because of how it is produced, City College of New York preservation under their regulatory steel is able to be certified and School of Architecture umbrella. Given this evolution, verified as conforming to the 14 it is disturbing to find that one required shape, size, composition, Frank Sinatra School of the most fundamental of and strength before it’s ever of the Arts code concerns—validating the delivered to a job site. Two strength of structural materials— separate inspections provide this 20 is dominating industry headlines. assurance: one by the producing NEW YORK LAW SCHOOL Widespread allegations of mill and one by the fabricator, 24 improprieties in the strength which wants to make sure it got 41 Cooper Square testing of concrete have resulted what it ordered. Thus, there is no not only in indictments, but also last-minute job site scrambling to 32 in the city establishing its own obtain and validate test samples. One Jackson Square testing laboratory to audit tests Steel’s inspection tandem is one performed by independent of the underlying safeguards that 38 The Standard Hotel companies. For owners building enhances its defenses against with steel, this issue is less of a falsified test reporting. Choosing 42 concern because the material’s a structural system with this level Monroe High School Annex production and delivery methods of oversight—whether or not the make it less susceptible to city performs its own concrete 48 falsifying of reports. Nonetheless, testing—is bound to reduce risk. Events steel and concrete rely on each other, therefore testing fraud in one industry concerns the other. Fundamentally, testing is for the purpose of establishing that the material specified and purchased is the same material that is delivered to the job site. This assurance is especially important with structural materials in order to make certain that they will be adequate to carry the design loads. It is also important that delivery of the materials to the site is timely to ensure uninterrupted progress of the work. Delays in Gary Higbee, AIA, Editor verifying structural capacity can [email protected] / be costly, as many owners are [email protected] finding out, and having the city

Copyright ©2010 by The Steel Institute The information contained in this magazine is merely general and illustrative in nature. Above The Standard Hotel’s structurally E sto; cover: Joseph D avid of New York and The Ornamental Metal Institute The Institutes assume no responsibility for either the design or actual cost of any structure glazed curtain wall features full-height of New York resulting from the use of the information contained herein, nor should anything herein be operable windows. construed as either an endorsement or disapproval of any systems or designs indicated. Published by The Steel Institute of New York Anyone relying upon or making use of this information does so at his or her own risk and

and The Ornamental Metal Institute of New York assumes any and all liability or consequences resulting therefrom. Goldberg/Jeff Adam Friedberg

Metals in Construction Spring 2010 1 Left Alice Tully Hall’s new face exposes the lobby, and Juilliard’s new floors, to Broadway.

The warp and weft of a cantilevered steel addition hits a high note for audiences and performers.

Although it is one of the most often used venues in Lincoln Center, Alice Tully Hall hadn’t had a renovation since its opening night in 1969. And though The Juilliard School surrounding it had never faltered in its ability to develop world-famous performing artists, it was in much need of a makeover that would add practice rooms, classrooms, and office spaces. The long-overdue redesign, undertaken by Diller Scofidio + Renfro in collaboration with FXFowle Architects in 2003 and to be completed this year, strips away the opaque facade at the base of Pietro Belluschi’s original scheme, revealing the entrance lobby and Juilliard’s inner workings to the street. The dramatic physical, and symbolic, gesture was made possible by Arup’s structural engineers, who developed a 50-foot steel truss cantilever that serves the dual purpose of creating a soaring entrance to Alice Tully Hall while expanding the school’s practice space overhead. like the pieces performed there, the project was complex and multilayered. A tight urban site is adjacent to the subway, and a schedule accelerated to meet performance and academic Alice Tully Hall and year deadlines—even as the school remained fully operational during construction—presented significant challenges. Despite The Juilliard School these, the new space is marked by a transparent, column-free lobby created by a unique geometry of intersecting tilted planes defined

2 Metals in Construction Spring 2010 Alice Tully Hall and The Juilliard School 3 4 tension exerted by thestainless for ittoresist theamountof the challengeto thestructure is senior structuralengineerforArup, used. According toMattL arson, minimize the number of fittings and large single-glazedpanels pretensioned cablewallsystem lobby curtainwall,aone-way transitions. ForAliceT cables, fittings,andcomponent by minimizingthevisibilityof that give the building transparency designed two curtain wall systems C and philosophicalchangeLincoln t beckons visitorsinside. creating awelcomingspacethat shape reaches toward Broadway, design meetings.Theresulting FXFowle, oftheteam’s initial charge oftheproject for Sylvia Smith,seniorpartnerin volumes ofthebuilding,”says gesture, inthespiritofbig “We talkedaboutdoingabig line, andaslopedtiltedsoffit. elevations, its Broadway property by thebuilding’s northandsouth enter wished for, the architects o achieve the dramatic visual o achievethedramaticvisual ully’s turns the corner on65 thecorner turns the lobbycolumns. foundation wallspanningbetween cables isresisted bythe loads. Atthebase,uplifton requirements under high pretension strength andstringentdeflection The W24membersmeetboth span betweenthelobbycolumns. Grade 50wide-flangebeamsthat between apairofstiff ASTM992 heads ofthecablesare anchored resist theupliftatbase.The load attheheadisusedto lobby columns;thecumulative converted tocompression inthe the tensionincablewallis at theheadandbaseofwall, bending ofthestructuralelements to atennisracquet.Through loop structural system analogous The Arupteamutilizedaclosed sensitive tobuildingmovements. steel cablesbecausetheyare of lobbyvolume, thestructure the expansion.Immediatelysouth vertically withthe slopingsoffitof the mainstructurallineanddrops the facademigratesawayfrom Where thelobbycurtainwall th Street, goal wastonot have anyvisible jewel box.”Forthis section,the in Smith’s words, “an illuminated washed with lights at night creating, spaces duringtheday, andis natural light to the Juilliard School cantilevered portionprovides east elevationofthebuilding’s a hungglass-finwallonthe abovethethree-story lobby, a singlepiece. fabricate the entire assembly as Metropolitan-Walters toshop structural steelerector/fabricator cable attachmentsledthe construction tolerancesatthe Challenging weldsandstringent members intheexpansion. existing buildingframeandto to reinforced membersinthe transferred intorsionbythepipe Bending intheoutriggersis diameter by1-inch-thickpipe. off of W14x132 outriggersthat cantilever utilized a system of of abackspan.Theengineers thesupportwithoutbenefit to are asmuch12 feeteccentric must supportfacadecablesthat A S TM

A 53 G rade B 24-inch A992 Grade 50 1 30-inch box-shapedgirder with wall systemishungfrom a the entire 48-foot-highcurtain looking out.T high transparency foroccupants exterior fittings,butalsotohave metal spliceconnections. the visualdisruption oftypical glass splicingwas usedtoavoid limitations forfinlength,glass-to- extrusions, and due to fabrication silicone glazedaluminum load to the glass fins via structural clips at vertical joints transfer wind concealed rods. glazing edgefrom hittingthe This wasrequired toprevent the section to2mmper5-footbay. deflection ofthehollowstructural was abletolimitthedifferential of thecantilevered trusses),Arup beams that cantilever from the end points (theboxbeamsitson doubly cantilevered support spanning asmuch67feetto loads hanging from above. Despite glass unitstopickupthedead are concealedbetweeninsulating alloy stainlesssteeltensionrods Metals inConstruction Spring2010 5 ⁄ 8 x12-inch flanges.Special o achievethislook, Concealed glazing

Previous spread and this spread: Iwan Baan structure to maintain ceiling heights. were carefully wovenaround the (and thusquieter) air, but ducts larger to containslower-moving element. Duct sizes also hadtobe facade istheonlyexposed brace diagonal brace along the southern west) in the expansion structure; the (one northtosouthandtwoeast to line and with three braced frames the easternmost existing column infilling north-to-south bracing in expansion was achieved by thick. reinforcing platesupto3 with ASTM572Grade50 wide-flange columnswere plated existing buildings,where existing interface betweenthenewand column strengthening atthe The increased loadsalsorequired recording, andperformance. sensitive spacesforrehearsal, heavy acousticceilingsinsound- concrete toppingslabs,and partitions, isolatedacoustic support solidCMUacoustic driven higherbytheneedto framework. Steeltonnagewas another determinedthebuilding’s isolated acousticallyfrom one performance spacesthatwere design goal,theneedforideal gesture wastheoutward althoughcreating awelcoming clearances. as minimalarchitecturalfinish audio-visual infrastructure as well lighting, electrical,high-tech mechanical distribution,theater to meetneedsfordense custom shop-built steel assemblies tightly control thegeometryof frame building,theteamcould new spaceandtheoriginalsteel- simplifying connectionsbetween the sameheight.Inadditionto elevations were notalwaysat existing structure, whose expansion extendingfrom the in whichtheycreated afour-story technically demandingprogram and engineerstodealwiththe design enabledthearchitects columns. Moreover, thesteel lobby space with only three visible creates alarge, unobstructed four stories on a single truss and span that supports as many as for a75-footunsupportedback exterior plazaspaces,andalso to theproperty line,preserving allow forthe50-footcantilever brains andbrawn.Thetrusses attests toequalendowmentsof 275-ton systemofsteeltrusses the building’s beauty, itscurtainwallsmayexpose butits T he lateral system for the

3 ⁄ 4 inches Alice Tully HallandTheJuilliard School and practicerooms fortheschool. space office expanding to addition in lobby three-story soaring the creates cantilever truss steel 50-foot Facing A cantilever movementsoverhead. resisting while fittings of number minimum a uses system wall cable pretensioned one-way The Above 5 6 the 100,000-square-foot structure. weave so manyvariedspaces into and weft”allowed thearchitects to The building’s unique steel “warp

equipment, andlarge ductwork. theater electrical material, acoustical accommodating while building’sloads the bear to kinked are members steel which throughout offices, and rooms practice small with interwoven are Large rehearsal and performance spaces and theoriginalsteel-framebuilding. building new the between connections Above S teel framing simplified simplified framing teel to thepublic. is meanttocreate awelcominggesture form, elongated new its with structure, 100,000-square-foot Facing The Metals inConstruction Spring2010

FXFowle Architects

Iwan Baan changes andramps allowthese Numerous steel andslabelevation and multipleceiling planelevels. theater lightinggrid,catwalks, metal assemblieslikethe located tofitwithmiscellaneous to maximizeusable space. plates or using welded connections clearance byadjustinggusset coordination withthearchitectural were designed in very tight In selectareas, steelconnections and diagonalsizesofW14x730. sections withmaximumchord fabricated from W14 wideflange through thestory-talltrusses, in specificareas toallowpassage room. T the double-heightjazzrehearsal height blackboxtheater, and by thedancestudio,adouble- modate the larger spaces required Juilliard Schoolspacetoaccom- on varying floors of the cantilevered smaller offices and practice rooms Steel members also had to be Seven trusses are positioned in russ chords were kinked new imageofits future. Center’s historywhilecreating a through its levels, honoring members, riseanddescend students, performers and audience come aliveasteachersand resembles apageofsheetmusic the transparent buildingalmost brightly littableau.Seenatnight, detached Belluschi design with a structure, replacing thesomewhat into the100,000-square-foot to weavesomanyvariedspaces weft” thatenabledthearchitects building’s uniquesteel“warpand according toSmith,itisthe throughout theexpansion. and performancefloorbuild-ups accommodate variousacoustic floor elevations,aswellto existing building’s floor-to- larger spacestomeshwiththe M incoln Lincoln Curtain Wall FabricatorandErector: W&WGlass,Nanuet,NY MetalFabricatorandErector:Ornamental Miscellaneous Iron FabricatorandErector: Structural teelFabricatorandErector: Curtain Wall Consultant:R.A.Heintges&Associates,NewYork, NY General Contractor:Turner ConstructionCompany,NewYork, NY Miscellaneous MetalsEngineer:AnastosEngineeringAssociates,NewYork, NY Mechanical Engineer:Arup,NewYork, NY Structural Engineer:Arup,NewYork, NY Architects: DillerScofidio+Renfro , NewYork,, NY Location: 1941 Broadway, NewYork, NY ALICE TULLY HALLANDTHEJUILLIARDSCHOOL Alice Tully HallandTheJuilliard School Metal Teck, Inc.,Bensalem,PA Post RoadIron Works, Inc.,Greenwich,CT; Post RoadIron Works, Inc.,Greenwich,CT Metropolitan Walters, LLC , NewYork, NY in collaborationwithFXFOWLEArchitects , NewYork, NY 7 City College of New York School of Architecture

A feat of bridge-and-stair openings in the centers of existing floor slabs. engineering brings new life to an They then constructed new mezzanines at the aging campus building. perimeter walls, sandwiched between the existing floors to accommodate the new circulation pattern. Prefabricated sections of the two bridges were hoisted up via a pulley and cable system and hung When Rafael Viñoly Architects decided from freestanding gantries, then the bridge sections to hollow out the central core of what was to were welded together in place and connected to become the new Bernard and Anne Spitzer School the perimeter floor slabs, stairways, and other of Architecture for CUNY’s City College of New York, reinforcements. it was to create an atrium that dramatically opened according to Tian-Fang Jing, a principal at up the interior of the five-story former library building. Weidlinger Associates, the engineering firm that But the decision also left them with a new design partnered with Viñoly to design the school, the upper challenge: The building’s core had housed much of bridge’s extreme length necessitated a complex its circulation system, and now visitors would need system of supports. Four sets of hangers—Type 304 to travel to the far corners of each floor just to reach stainless steel rods 3⁄4 inch in diameter—extend a stairway. downward from the roof slab and connect to the viñoly’s elegant solution was to construct a new upper bridge at points 18 and 36 feet in from each circulation system entailing interconnected bridges of the northern and southern walls. Another set of and stairways that traverse the atrium of the school hangers extends from the underside of the fourth in a dizzying Piranesi-esque vista, linking alternating floor and supports the lower bridge at its midpoint. levels and opposite sides of each floor. A pair of To provide additional lateral support, a set of four bridges forms the system’s backbone, one 75-foot ASTM A500 Grade B steel hollow structural sections span connecting the east and west ends of the third run diagonally down from the top floor to brace the floor, and one 120-foot span connecting the north lower bridge system, and an additional four HSS and south ends of the fifth floor. Intersecting each sections run diagonally up from the second floor to bridge diagonally is a stairway, one passing through brace the upper bridge system. the lower bridge to connect the second and fourth the fact that the team was working with the floors; the other passing through the upper bridge to concrete frame of an existing building, rather than connect the fourth floor and the roof. constructing a new school from scratch, made the a variety of materials add to the striking effect of job even more challenging. “We had limited places the airy configuration. The bridge and stair railings to connect the tubes to,” says Wilmers. “As a result, are made of a lightweight, flexible ASTM A36 we had to spread the load out around the existing stainless steel mesh with 2-inch-square openings. structure.” Although the concrete that makes up the “It’s almost like stocking material,” says Viñoly building’s existing frame is well-suited to bear high project director Fred Wilmers. The bridge deck and gravity loads, it’s not nearly as sturdy against lateral stair treads are fabricated from inch-thick ASTM A36 force, so Weidlinger Associates had to design a galvanized steel grating, with closely spaced 3⁄4-inch customized steel connection between the support openings. The grating yields a view of the atrium tubes and concrete columns that would capture below from the vantage point of someone standing the bridges’ excess lateral movement rather than on the bridge, but appears opaque from every other transferring it to the columns. They welded together angle. Bridges and stairs alike are painted with a a vertical semi-circular shell, a horizontal circular high-performance, silver polyurethane paint. plate, and a vertical pin plate that allowed for free to create the circulation system, the architects rotation of the HSS sections serving as the supports, removed the building’s core, by cutting large and then fastened the detail to the column and floor

Left In the atrium, stainless and galvanized steel stairs and bridges hang from freestanding gantries above.

City College of New York School of Architecture 9 10 underside ofthe iconicamphitheaterperched atop the saffron-yellow ceiling,whichdoubles asthe roof from three directions andreflects indirectly off feels brightandairy. Sunlightdiffuses through the cutting across theatrium, theschool’s interiorstill some gapswithgrout,” says Wilmers. their surfacewithboltswastricky. “We hadtofill precisely round, so fasteningthecurvedplatesto matters further, theexistingcolumnswere not slab withHILTI adhesiveanchorrods.T Despite the array of bridges, stairs, and supports o complicate a setof functional andphysicalcenter. T an open-airartgalleryandcritspace,theschool’s the building’s roof. Atthebaseofatriumsits has onlyafewdirect precedents forV anindoorbridge-and-stairsystem ofthisscale of tracklighting,whichlightthegallery’s interior. from the lower bridge to support two nested squares system quitethis bigorcomplicatedbefore.” experience: “We hadneverbuiltanybridge-and-stair for Weidlinger, Jingsaystheproject wasalearning 1 ⁄ 2 -inch thickT ype 304steelrods hangdown o lightthegallery, iñoly. Even M Metals inConstruction Spring2010

Previous spread: Bruce Damonte; this spread: Rafael Viñoly Architects PC; following spread: Bruce Damonte floor, stairways, andother reinforcements. slab concrete the to connected then mid-air, in other each to site-welded Facing pageBridgesectionswere

City College ofNewYork School ofArchitecture and southendsofthefifthfloor. north the connects 120-foot span a and floor, third the of ends west and east the connects bridge 75-foot A Above additional teachingspace. open-air rooftop amphitheater provides an facility, while 135,000-square-foot the inside environment collaborative more a create to out hollowed was building library former five-story The Below 11 Deep shelf-like windows with aluminum CCNY COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE sun-shading louvers punctuate the building’s precast concrete exterior. Location: 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY Owners: Dormitory Authority of the State of New York (DASNY), New York, NY; The City University of New York (CUNY) Department of Design, Construction and Management (DDCM), New York, NY; The City College of New York (CCNY), New York, NY Architect: Rafael Viñoly Architects PC, New York, NY Structural Engineer: Weidlinger & Associates, Inc., New York, NY Mechanical Engineer: Stanislav Slutsky, PE, New York, NY Construction Manager: The LiRo Group, Syosset, NY Structural Steel Erector: MoMetal, Varennes, QC Miscellaneous Iron Erector: B&M Welding, Brooklyn, NY Curtain Wall Erector: A.J. McNulty & Co., Inc., Maspeth, NY Frank Sinatra School of the Arts

Astoria’s newest school a double-height lobby and are brings its performance exposed to view from 35th Street. to the street in a Classrooms, studios, and practice budding arts district. spaces surround a full-height sky-lighted atrium space in which impromptu performances break out around movable pianos. When a building is named More formal performances take after one of the most idolized place in an 800-seat theater in singers of all time and envisioned the southern half of the building, by another, it had better perform. beneath a fourth-floor gym and This was the goal of Susan T. a top-floor cafeteria. Because Rodriguez of Polshek Partnership the 200-square-foot site doesn’t Architects when her team set about include outdoor space, the designing The Frank Sinatra School architects created an uncovered of the Arts, a new 147,000-square- rooftop terrace with a lawn and foot educational facility occupying amphitheater. a full block on 35th Avenue in Structural engineers Astoria. And perform it does. Robert Silman Associates were Its five stories of steel-framed charged with building the unique architecture clad in a transparent architecture envisioned by Polshek, glass and stainless steel curtain but within the confines of SCA’s wall reveals the building to its specifications, which are geared neighborhood, and vice versa, toward cost-effectiveness and making it as much a living stage ease of construction. “We were for its 1,000 students as for the able to work within SCA parameters community around them. while still answering the design the public high school, which challenges Polshek Partnership opened in the fall of 2009, was put forth,” says Silman associate developed by the New York City Mel Garber. According to Garber, School Construction Authority (SCA) steel framing is the most common in partnership with the Exploring structural assembly for the the Arts organization founded by majority of SCA projects because Tony Bennett and Susan Benedetto. it fits efficiently within the most Located between 35th and 36th appropriate structural grids for Streets, the school joins the classroom layouts and long-span artistic community created by conditions over auditoriums and the neighboring Kaufman Astoria gymnasiums. In the case of Studios and the Museum of Polshek’s wish to cantilever the the Moving Image. “It brings northern framing about 20 feet performance to the street,” says to accommodate the school’s Rodriguez. “It also creates a place studio spaces, Silman was able that inspires the students. Many of to manipulate basic SCA require- them come from great distances.” ments—structural steelframe and to create the feeling of a composite deck with a cross- welcoming arts community, three braced lateral frame—by using the cantilevered studio spaces—for deck diaphragm and cross-brace dance, music, and art—float above frames to anchor the facade.

Frank Sinatra School of the Arts 15 Previous spread Designed to evoke lightness, the school’s curtain wall has mullions and spandrel beams that are reinforced with ASTM A36 steel plates, allowing it to have longer spans than ordinarily possible. Left Structural engineers worked within the School Construction Authority’s requirements for structural steel while staying true to the architects’ programmatic vision. Center Engineers employed typical steel framing on three sides of the building. Bottom An 800-seat theater hangs over the parking garage atop which the school is built.

to create the professional theater space, engineers were challenged with constructing the auditorium over the 100-car parking garage atop which the school is built. (Owners Kaufman Studios sold their existing lot to the city on the condition that they could still use the underground space.) The theater contains a fly loft and a raked and cantilevered balcony, in addition to the internal structure of the most prominent design element, a sloping, four- story wall opposite the building entrance. Due to the complexity of the spaces within the school, it was necessary to use a variety of beam sizes. Custom plate girders support the cantilevered north elevation and span over the gymnasium and auditorium using W40 and W36 transfer beams. Given the long spans between columns, typical filler beams are W21 and primary beams are W24. Above The theater incorporates a fly The building’s wide flange sections loft and a raked and cantilevered balcony. are all ASTM A992 Grade 50; Below Glass-enclosed studio spaces, with its hollow structural sections are views to the north and east, are stacked ASTM A500, Grade 50. In all, the atop a 20-foot cantilever. project incorporates 1,400 tons of structural steel. With so many long-span spaces inside the building, Rodriguez says her main goal for the curtain wall was to provide views into the rehearsal and studio areas for passersby, while allowing students to draw inspiration from views of the city through a foreground frit pattern of text recognizing famous artists and performers. In contrast with masonry facades on the east and west sides, the school’s north curtain wall lightens the building and appears to float above the street, operating as the weather enclosure in front of the studios, and a rain screen at the top and bottom. Garber says his team

worked closely with Polshek and S ilman Associates center and bottom: Robert Goldberg/ E sto; top: P olshek artnership Architects; Jeff spread: P revious Goldberg/ E sto; right: P olshek artnership Architects Jeff Top:

16 Metals in Construction Spring 2010 Frank Sinatra School of the Arts 17 curtain wall manufacturer although the project took Above The design’s long spans allow FRANK SINATRA SCHOOL OF THE ARTS Zimmcor to test the boundaries seven years to realize, as students for optimal studio and performance of the standard stick system. By adapt to the space during its first space throughout the 147,000 square Location: 35-12 35th Avenue, Queens, NY foot structure. Owners: New York City School Construction Authority, New York, NY; reinforcing mullions and spandrel school year it is revealing itself Facing By arranging the school’s beams with ASTM A36 steel plates, as an example of the great design classroom and performance space New York City Department of Education, New York, NY they were able to achieve much that can be accomplished when around a full-height atrium, architects Developer: New York City School Construction Authority, New York, NY longer spans in the panels than pushing the limits of materials and created a light-filled structure on a Architect: Susan T. Rodriguez of Polshek Partnership Architects, New York, NY 40,000-square-foot site. Structural Engineer: Robert Silman Associates, New York, NY normally possible. A sign band budgets. Inside and out, “It brings Mechanical Engineer: Cosentini Associates, New York, NY with the school’s name cantilevers a little Broadway to 35th Avenue,” Construction Manager: Leon D. DeMatteis Construction Corporation, Elmont, NY from the northeast corner of the says Rodriguez of the lively Structural Steel Erector: North American Ironworks, Inc., Ridgewood, NY facade, but the glass is broken only vignette created by the stacked Architectural, Ornamental, and Miscellaneous Metal Fabricator and Erector: by slim, 10-inch ASTM A36 channels studio spaces behind the glass. MoMetal Structures Inc., Varennes, QC at each structural pass, reinforcing It’s one that Old Blue Eyes would Curtain Wall Fabricator: Zimmcor Inc., Concord, ON

the lightness of the school’s veil. be proud of. M Goldberg/ E sto Jeff This spread: Curtain Wall Erector: East End Window Technologies, Saint James, NY

18 Metals in Construction Spring 2010 Frank Sinatra School of the Arts 19 A new school in Tribeca expresses a unique institutional identity while raising the bar for student-oriented New York design.

New York Law School’s new academic Law School building for a generic modernist box, one of the city’s myriad mid-height Miesian structures that economize on materials, workmanship, and often visual interest. On detailed inspection, however, more is going on in this building than first meets the eye. Inside and out, the new NYLS building takes subtle and dramatic steps forward for both its institution and its city. “This project is really almost close to 40 years in the making,” notes NYLS president and dean Richard Matasar. Under consideration since 1970, it became financially possible through sales of air rights above the building and an adjoining parcel during the real estate boom of the mid-2000s. Groundbreaking took place in August 2006, and the new building opened last September. The program includes all of the school’s classrooms, the library, auditorium, cafeteria, conference and event spaces, and several lounge areas, totaling 213,000 square feet and nearly doubling the school’s size. In keeping with the school’s priorities, the building is completely student-centered, with faculty and administrative offices remaining in the connected three-building complex on Worth Street (renovation of which, the second phase of the campus overhaul, will be complete by spring 2010). the school’s institutional identity stresses community involvement, and the new building consequently emphasizes transparency with a glass and aluminum curtain wall, revealing its internal activities to the neighborhood and giving students a constant reminder of where they are geographically, socially, and professionally. “Theoretically, we could just put the big box out at the end, put a couple of windows in, and the project would be done,” says Matasar, “but that would not have met our subsidiary goal of talking about the transparency of our operation… letting people understand that we are a part of Tribeca.” Behind the clear curtain wall along Leonard Street is a panel of dignified cherry interior walls, forming what Matasar calls “the box within the box”; this structure creates a series of brightly lit lounges that reserve the building’s prime real estate for students’ use. Interior curtain-wall segments to the north present a representational frit pattern, a pixelated image of book spines from the NYLS library. Visible both from the exterior and from inside a prominent glass-enclosed staircase on the northern perimeter, the panels are fritted Viracon silkscreened monolithic glass, with high opacity white V175-custom screens provided to the company so it could create templates for various glass sizes. Turn the corner south onto West Broadway, and another fritted curtain wall encompassing the second through fourth floors forms a west-facing bookend alongside panels of stone and walls clad in Centria aluminum panels The school’s transparent with a two-coat fluoropolymer finish containing mica curtain wall symbolizes institutional transparency while reminding law flakes. Simple orthogonal volumes with ample glass students they are part of the city. and daylight create an overall atmosphere that’s atypical for academic buildings: “extroverted,” the

20 Metals in Construction Spring 2010 New York Law School 21 22 of openness. at floorlevel,emphasizingthefeeling occur supports wall’s horizontal curtain the of Most area. lounge corner Above S tudents sit in a northwest northwest a in sit tudents

an outdoorterrace. of side one form to around wraps wall Below, right to floatabovetheschool’s firstfloor. appears wall Below,curtain centerThe style classrooms andauditoriums. 50-foot spansnecessaryforSocratic- Below, leftS teel framing allowed the the allowed framing teel On the fifth floor, the curtain curtain floor, the fifth the On Metals inConstruction Spring2010

Previous spread, this page top and facing: Jeff Goldberg/Esto; left: courtesy SmithGroup building. the into view the maintains staircase the of wall glass inner Right The coverage isplacedattheglazedopeningsintostair. is enclosedinthisarea, andadditionalsprinkler on. T fifth-floor supporttubesforthefourthfloor, andso to supportanchors;instead,rods hangingfrom the he says,withnofloorslabupagainstthewindow staircase presented “anatypicalcondition,” curtain wall.Thatnorthwallatthemonumental allow thedepthofstructure tobevisiblethrough Street wall)andmetalinfillpanelsatspandrels to a cantilevered pieceatthebottomofLeonard customized exterior6-inch-deepcaps(exceptfor a standard AlumicorBF-2000unitizedsystemwith project’s associatefirmBKSKArchitects, thecurtainwalls,saysDavidO’Neil,ofthe used underground. even though four of the building’s nine stories are dean andarchitects agree, ratherthancloistered, without distortion. but asetoflucid principlesreflecting the real world years here are nottheproperty ofaprivilegedguild the ideasthatcommandtheirattention duringtheir society atlarge, thisbuildingtellsitsstudents; There are noartificial borders betweenthelawand a crispandoptimisticatmosphere forscholarlywork. previous century. From inside, thebuildingcreates of thedistrict’s manycast-iron buildings from the history, thedeepverticalmullionsechoinglines protecting thefoundationsandprecedents oflegal inner cherry-paneledcore—the high-techfuture enclosed uppermechanicalspace)containingthe the stone-facedsouthwestvolume,andamesh- two fritted“wings,”theclearnorthcurtainwall, building reads asfivecomplementaryboxes(the setback combinesthecafeteriawithaterrace. small-group work as well as social space; the fifth-floor lounges function as additional rooms for collaborative audiovisual production. Brightlyday-litcorridor every academicspaceiscapableofstudio-quality Despite thenearbysubwaylinesandrumblingtrucks, built onisolationslabs,improving acousticintegrity: performance relative toweight.Classrooms are Dahlkemper says,bothforflexibilityand “Steel wastherightchoiceforstructuralsystem,” of over50feet,withraisedplatformsforvisibility. and auditorium spaces onthesecondstoryandabove,large require classroom column-free spans obstruction atall,otherthanthestructuralcolumns.” Whenyoustandinthebuilding,there’sslabs…. no of theslabs,soyoudidn’t read themupabovethe anchors themselves are custom, mounted at the face creating a“floor-to-ceiling glasslook;thenthe member ispretty closetothefloorline,”henotes, appearance, outsideandin.“Thehorizontalsupport the curtainwallsaddeduptoanexceptionallyopen and thearchitects’ desire toavoidspandrel glass on unusually large 17-foot floor-to-floor dimensions T particularly onthewestface.According toGreg in thermalcontrol underdirectsunlight, afternoon emissivity glass; the book-image fritting also assists edesco ofcurtain-wallerector GenetechSystems, Both clearandfrittedsegmentsare V From anorthwestexteriorview, theNYLS o prevent thespread offire, thestairopening M iracon low- iracon low-

New York LawSchool Curtain Wall Erector: Genetech Building Systems,Inc.,StatenIsland,NY Architectural MetalFabricatorandErector: andOrnamental Miscellaneous Iron Erector: FMB,Inc.,Harrison,NJ Structural teelErector: J.C.SteelCorp.,Bohemia,NY LLC,NewYork,Construction Manager:PavariniMcGovern, NY Mechanical Engineer:Jaros Baum&Bolles,NewYork, NY TomasettiStructural Engineer:Thornton , NewYork, NY Associate Architect: BKSKArchitects, NewYork, NY Architect: SmithGroup, Washington, DC Developer: Studley, Inc.,NewYork, NY Owner: NewYork LawSchool,NewYork, NY Location: 185 West Broadway, NewYork, NY New YorkLaw School A-Val Architectural MetalCorp., Mount Vernon, NY 23 41 Cooper Square

A double wall of glass with construction manager Sciame and perforated and subcontractors W&W Glass stainless steel conveys and A. Zahner Co. streamlined Cooper Union’s delivery and kept the system within the budget, putting the commitment to forward- building in the running to earn thinking education. Platinum LEED certification—a first for an academic laboratory in New York City. The East Village has long located on the east side of been an in-your-face kind of Third Avenue between 6th and 7th neighborhood, where people streets, the facility is a vertical let you know what they’re all campus designed to foster cross about whether you like it or not. collaboration between The Thom Mayne of architecture firm Cooper Union’s three disciplines. Morphosis took this legacy into A sky-lit central atrium reaching account when designing The the structure’s full 11-story Cooper Union’s newest building— height illuminates a 20-foot-wide a 175,000-square-foot facility stair that ascends four floors containing studios, classrooms, to a student lounge that acts and laboratories for the institution’s as the facility’s social hub. art, architecture, and engineering The classrooms themselves are programs. To convey the school’s designed to be reconfigurable commitment to free, forward- to meet the needs of the school’s thinking education, the architect different disciplines. This flexibility clad the structure’s warped was also built into the cladding geometry in a high-tech double wall system, whose two layers—one a of glass and perforated stainless weather barrier of glass, the other steel panels. While the extra cost an aesthetic face of stainless associated with double walls often steel—can adapt to environmental makes them infeasible, the digitally conditions and the position of the integrated design process worked sun. “The perforated metal skin out by Morphosis in collaboration is operable and contributes to the

41 Cooper Square 25 heating and cooling of the interior,” Previous spread Clad in a double wall explains Andrea Tzvetkov, project of glass and an operable metal skin, The Cooper Union’s new academic architect for Morphosis. “It is closed building creates a new face for the during the summer when the sun is school’s renowned design curriculum. beating down, and open during the Facing, top The school as seen from winter to let in the sun’s warmth.” Third Avenue below 6th Street. Facing, center Electric actuators are Fabricated out of 304 stainless wired to a centralized control unit to steel sheet, the metal panels were operate the outer wall, which is given an angel hair finish controlled by software that monitors the whose random grit lines conceal season and the sun’s position. Facing, below Perforation holes are the scuffs and scrapes that 1/8-inch diameter, covering between can accumulate over time. 50 and 90 percent of the panels to The perforation holes are 1⁄8-inch reduce glare yet maintain views. diameter and cover between Right A transparent facade at street level is a symbolic gesture inviting the 50 percent and 90 percent of the public into the space. panels, maintaining views through Center The 2-by-6-foot panels are the exterior wall whether it is open welded to aluminum frames set 1 foot or closed while at the same time away from the glass wall, except on the reducing glare enough to make it west facade where they project from the facade as much as 12 feet above the easy to use a computer even when building’s main entrance. the sun is hitting the building full Below A schematic of the west facade. force. The panels are 2 feet by 6 feet and are affixed with stainless steel screws three at a time to aluminum frames. These unitized panel sections connect back to the slab edge through an engineered clipping system of aluminum extrusions. For the most part the metal panels are set 1 foot away from the inner glass wall, but on the west facade this distance increases by as much as 10 to 12 feet where the panels swoop out to animate the building face and form a canopy above the entrance. Electric actuators wired back to a centralized control unit operate the outer wall, and a software program tunes the facade to the season and the sun’s position. except in a few places where the metal face pulls back to reveal all-glass sections, the building’s inner wall is made up of an off-the-shelf window wall system. Spanning between the floor slabs, the system includes a black- painted spandrel unit that rises 3 1⁄2 feet from the floor, and a 6-foot-high vision unit. The exposed glass areas are curtain walls that were structurally glazed in the field on unitized shop assembled frames. Almost all of the project’s exterior glass is Viracon VNE1-63, which has a low-e coated 1⁄4-inch outer lite, 1⁄2-inch air space, and 1⁄4-inch inner lite. An exterior stair tower features Viracon’s 9⁄16-inch HS/HS Laminated glass with a cool white interlayer. traditional facade systems combine two purposes: functional and aesthetic. According to

Tzvetkov, the efficiency of the I wan B aan; top: John H ill; center and bottom: A. Zahner Co. spread: P revious and center: I wan B aan; bottom: Morphosis Top

26 Metals in Construction Spring 2010 41 Cooper Square 27 28 Metals inConstruction Spring2010 to adouble-height student lounge. stories four rises stair the itself, of and in place gathering social Facing A the space. overlook that spaces informal other and rooms, seminar lounges, connect to stair. the surrounds lattice Left, curving above A daylight. by lit is space occupied regularly S atrium. central building’seleven-story the through rises stair 20-foot-wide Left A the process. project’s playerstogetherearlyin Union project brought all of the process usedonTheCooper thedigitallyintegrateddesign the structure. them difficult to handle from inside and complexgeometriesmade units becausetheirlarge sizes also used to install the curtain wall panels into place. crane necessary to pick the metal feet from theslabedge,wasa facade reaches asmuch12 on thewestface,where theouter wall waserected behindit.Only building first,thenthewindow installed from theinsideof faces themetalpanelswere onthenorth,east,andwest you’re investing.” extra performanceforthemoney as sunshading,you‘re getting functions to the exterior layer, such says. “Also,ifyoudesignatemore of thedoubleskinsystem,”he performance. “Thatisthebeauty outer wallwithoutworryingabout innovative onthedesignof This freed theteamuptoget product capableofdoingthejob. able to choose the most affordable the buildingdesignerswere is notresponsible forthelooksof with each. Because the inner wall isolating theproblems associated separating thesepurposesand double wallsystemcomesfrom “That’s pretty good.” Tzvetkov’s understatedwords: impressive 30to35percent. In energy consumptionbyan while atthesametimereducing 10 percent oftheoverallbudget, double wallsystemdowntoabout was abletokeepthecostof Through thismethodtheteam design teamforaccuracychecks. These thencamebacktothe themintoshopdrawings. turned and senttomanufacturers who were outlinedonthecomputer eventy-five percent of the building’s the of percent eventy-five S ky bridges cross the atrium atrium the cross bridges ky T he wall’s components A crane was M

This spread: Iwan Baan 30 to gainLEEDPlatinumcertification. laboratory academic city’s the first be to expected is school The budget. within system facade the kept process design integrated digitally Above A and insulatethebuildinginwinter. summer the in gain heat reduce panels Below, right are organizedaround theatrium. lounges and areas Below, leftMeeting The operable stainless steel steel stainless operable The Metals inConstruction Spring2010

Top: Joseph David; left: Iwan Baan

Iwan Baan “ northwest sideofthebuilding. the wraps terrace open-air Above An  Andrea Tzvetkov, Morphosis you’re investing.” extra performanceforthemoney sun shading,you’re getting to theexteriorlayer, suchas If you designate more functions

41 Cooper Square Curtain Wall Erector:W&W Glass ,Nanuet,NY Architectural MetalErector: FMBSteel,Harrison,NJ Miscellaneous Iron FabricatorsandErectors: PostRoadIron Works, Greenwich,CT Structural teelErector: FMBSteel,Harrison,NJ Construction Manager:F.J. SciameConstrictionCo. , NewYork, NY Mechanical Engineers:IBEConsultingEngineers,ShermanOaks,CA; Structural Engineers:JohnA.Martin&Associates,Inc.,LosAngeles,CA; Associate Architect: GruzenSamtonArchitects, NewYork, NY Architect: MorphosisArchitects, NewYork, NY Owner: TheCooperUnionfortheAdvancementofScienceandArt,NewYork, NY Location: 41CooperSquare, NewYork, NY 41 COOPERSQUARE Syska HenessyGroup, Inc.,NewYork, NY Goldstein AssociatesConsultingEngineers,NewYork, NY 31 Left and above The undulating facade of the building softens the shape created by an unusual site.

An undulating curtain wall estate developer Hines, naturally wanted to brings kaleidoscope eyes to use all the available space, but “the shape the West Village. of the zoning diagram was so unusual that we wondered how in the world we’d make a building out of it,” Pedersen recalls. the architects looked to the beauty of Contextuality doesn’t always nature for inspiration. They envisioned the mean what it seems. “Contextuality zoning volume as a rock, with an aluminum oftentimes involves mimicry—but sometimes and glass curtain wall as a stream that flows contextuality can be more successfully over it, softening its strange, hard edges. achieved by juxtaposition,” says Bill In the final design, the band of windows Pedersen, design partner of Kohn Pedersen along each story ripples with its own unique Fox Associates. curves, creating a facade that’s dynamic the issue was central in his firm’s and complex enough to invite lingering looks. design of One Jackson Square, a new one Jackson Square might not fit in 68,000-square-foot condo building in exactly among the neighboring buildings, Manhattan’s West Village. Its location at but that’s all for the best, Pedersen told Greenwich and 8th Avenues lies within the the LPC: “My argument was that Greenwich Greenwich Village Historic District, so the Village also has a large number of rather architects needed to gain the approval of the unusual exceptions to the fabric of the NYC Landmarks Preservation Commission city.... The idiosyncratic quality of the Village (LPC). Brick would have been an obvious is the charm and character of the Village.” choice for a neighborhood dominated Another key part of his argument was by historic masonry architecture, yet the that the facade, in fact, pays homage to site’s peculiar shape—a sort of distorted its architectural surroundings by reflecting parallelogram—didn’t lend itself to using them in an intriguing kaleidoscopic pattern. much of the material. Furthermore, the site KPF’s arguments proved persuasive, and falls within two different zoning areas, so the design won the LPC’s approval. one section of the building could rise as high With that challenge surmounted, another as eleven stories, but the rest could only be lay on the horizon: how to bring this vision One Jackson Square seven stories tall. The client, international real to reality. While the curtain wall’s charm

One Jackson Square 33 34 Metals inConstruction Spring2010

Previous spread: Paúl Rivera; this page: Kohn Pedersen Fox Associates

Top: Kohn Pedersen Fox Associates; right: Metal Teck, Inc. floor fixedwindows. Below Adetaildrawingofthesecond- building. the of length the across pattern random a in arranged are and wide inches 48 18, or are 36, windows Right Most masonry buildingsnearby. of hues brown the with harmonize to coated indarkbronze DuranarXLpaint are covers slab-edge and mullions length; 10 9 in to from 1/2 feet range mullions Facing, below Aluminum irregular andvarybetweenfloors. Facing, right Curvedfloorslabsare before installation. shop fabrication the in custom-bent Facing, left E ach mullion was was mullion ach maybe fourorfive bendsthatare exactly 700 windowson thejob,there are only A painstakingly custom-formedin American each neededatransitionbendthat was irregular andvaryfloorto floor, themullions overall curvatures. Because thecurvesare at anglestooneanotherfollow the the individualwindowsare flat,placed brown huesofmasonrybuildingsnearby. a darkbronze color, toharmonizewiththe covers are coatedwithDuranarXLpaintin to 10 feetlong. Themullionsandslab-edge and 8inchesdeep,rangefrom 9 The aluminummullionsare 4incheswide condos andretail spaceontheground floor. ceiling inthebuilding,whichincludes32 at KPF. Thewindowsallrunfrom floorto said T units’ sizes shifted during the design process, alsoallowedforeasychangesifthe pattern horizontal linesofthebuilding.Therandom ofmullionsthatemphasizesthe pattern the facade,creating avisuallyinteresting are interspersedinarandomorder across 48 inches wide. Windows of different widths windows invarioussizes,mostly18, thedesignconsistsofhundreds of 36, or Steficek served as the curtain-wall consultant. unconventional curtainwall.GilsanzMurray to engineer, fabricate,andinstallthe with ahistoryoftacklingunusualprojects— metalandglasscompany ornamental Architectural (MetalT toAmerican The buildingteamturned it required anexactinglevelofprecision. lies initsfree-form appearance,creating rchitectural’s facility. “ While the facade is shaped like a wave, While thefacadeisshapedlikeawave, rent T esch, seniorassociateprincipal One Jackson Square eck, Inc.)—an O ut of approximately 1 ⁄ 2

designed toatoleranceofonly fit properly. Sincethecurtainwallwas Pennsylvania facility to make sure everything at leasttwostoriesatime,their trial runofinstallingtheentire curtainwall, in aluminumcassetteframesanddida low-iron, mildlyreflective V install during construction. long segments,whichwouldbeeasierto the weldssmoothtocreate 12- to15-foot- these lengthstogetherbyhandandground width ofawindow. Theworkerswelded lengths thatwere eachonlyaslongthe Architectural startedoutwithnumerous was achallengingprocess, too.American creating thesteelslab-edgecovers CEO andresident architectural engineer. alike,” saysJohnMelching,thecompany’s two double-height duplexes.Withnoslab challenges was presented bythebuilding’s oneofthebiggest engineering installing theglass. slab covers,theyputinthemullions before a sticksystembecause,afterputting inthe glass windows horizontally. the slab-edge covers and then installed the window systeminthattheworkers puton of theslabedges.Itresembles astrip- wall inthattheentire systempassesinfront Melching says.Thefacadeislikeacurtain a strip-windowsystem,andstick upon elementsofacurtain-wallsystem, thehybridizedinstallationprocess drew and itwasallhand-fitted,”hesays. modeling, “old-worldtechnologytookover, Swiss watch.Aftertheuseofcomputer of precision thatMelchingcompares toa fabricating andinstallingitrequired alevel T iracon windows And it resembles hey enclosed the 1 ⁄ 16 inch, 35 36 required anexactinglevel ofprecision. its free-form appearance, creating it While thecurtain wall’s charmliesin bridging betweenacolumntotheslabedge. tubes steel of system a by slab a without supported are duplexes double-height condominium’s the for Windows Facing 1/16 inch. only of tolerance a to designed is wall site. curtain the The to pieces the moving before shop the in walls the of installation tested and 12-segments 15-foot-long to in together welded were pieces facility, Above I n American Architectural’s Architectural’s American n

past, andavisionofitsfuture. an echo of the neighborhood’s architectural on HoratioStreet across theway, creating back thestatelyformsofbrickbuildings Greenwich A of imagesthesurroundings. Along strips of celluloid film displaying successions its reflective windows,whichmightevoke completed buildingcanbeseengazingat of a kind. Pedestrians walking by the recently spirit, the carefully i crafted facade is truly one support theglasswindows. to create thefacetedshapeneededto wall, carefully weldingthesectionstogether spanned betweencolumnsattheexterior hollow steelsectionsthatattachedtoand design teamcameupwithasystemof at theexteriorwalltosupportthem, n keeping with the Metals inConstruction Spring2010 venue, thebuildingreflects V illage’s iconoclastic M

This page: Kohn Pedersen Fox Associates; facing: Paúl Rivera Curtain Wall FabricatorandErector: Architectural MetalErector: andOrnamental Miscellaneous Iron Erector: Curtain Wall Consultant:GilsanzMurraySteficek,NewYork, NY General Contractor:HunterRobertsConstructionGroup, NewYork, NY Mechanical Engineer:WSPFlack+Kurtz,NewYork, NY Structural Engineer:GilsanzMurraySteficek,NewYork, NY Architect ofRecord: SLCEArchitects , NewYork, NY Design Architect: KohnPedersenFoxAssociates,NewYork, NY Developer: Hines,NewYork, NY Owners: Hines,NewYork, NY; Location: 122 Greenwich Avenue, NewYork, NY ONE JACKSONSQUARE Metal Teck, Inc.,Bensalem,PA Champion Metal&Glass,Inc.,DeerPark,NY Burgess SteelProducts Corp.,Englewood,NJ RFR RealtyLLC,NewYork, NY Left A steel truss anchored to the eastern concrete pier and to the Standard’s western shear wall allows the hotel to make a 100-foot straddle over the High Line.

Beneath Manhattan’s boldest new building, a steel truss and transfer The Standard Hotel slab does the heavy lifting.

New York Visionary hotelier Andre Balazs’ towering 337-room New York Standard Hotel is anything but standard. Like a colossus boldly straddling the High Line park, an innovative public space built on a segment of abandoned elevated rail tracks threading through Manhattan’s Meatpacking District, the structure stands guard over a rapidly evolving stretch of the city. Built as a joint venture involving Greenfield Partners, HotelsAB, Dune Capital and The John Buck Company, the new 19-story, 191,000-square- foot hotel’s board-formed concrete facade and vast expanses of water-white glass causally split the difference between the historic grit and burgeoning glam of New York’s latest destination neighborhood. Unlike Balazs’ other acclaimed properties, which retool and refurbish the latent chic of existing structures, the New York Standard is a $100 million dollar floor-to-ceiling build-out that had to contend with a number of challenges posed by its coveted proximity to the park—including a set of zoning restrictions which precluded any structural or constructive shoring off of the historic High Line. Designed by Todd Schliemann of Polshek Partnership Architects, with structural engineering provided by DeSimone Consulting Engineers, the “Le Corbusier style” boutique hotel owes its unique height and generous span over the High Line to a hybrid concrete and structural steel truss and transfer slab which takes up the entirety of the structure’s fourth floor. “The zoning envelope for the site would have been a complete build-out with a hole in the center, which was 30 feet above the bed of the tracks and 5 feet on either side and underneath the High Line,” says Schliemann. “Given the concept of the hotel, we didn’t just want a building with a big hole in it, so we had to span over. The whole building had to be carried over the High Line and that’s where the trusses come in.” the Standard’s powerful 100-foot straddle span is made possible by a steel truss of ASTM A913 Grade 65 steel members. Anchored at the east end to the concrete pier and at the west end to the shear wall, the truss’ total end-to-end length of 114 feet is constructed in two separate sections, of 65 feet and 49 feet respectively, which are joined at the center to complete the truss. Seven ASTM Grade 65 W14 members of varying lengths serve as the diagonal truss members. The majority of the ASTM A36 gusset plates and connections were shop-welded, and the intermediate framing was field-bolted with a combination of A325 and A490 bolts. While instrumental in achieving the required span, the structural steel truss also provided the contractors with a self-sustaining scaffolding system from which the remainder of the project was staged throughout

38 Metals in Construction Spring 2010 The Standard Hotel 39 40 everything. DeSimone. “Insteadweusedstructuralsteelto stage High Line,” says Erik Madsen,project managerwith do becauseweweren’t allowedtoshore off the pre-stressed, reinforced concrete, whichwecouldn’t planning todothesebigtransferbeamsoutof impossible withoutstructuralsteel.“We were system intoastagingplatformwouldhavebeen effectively convertingthetransferslab/truss remaining material. to extendtheboompicklighterloadsof the shearwallandpylon,contractorswere able the trusseswere joinedinthecenterandsecured to three shoringtowersandacantileversupport.Once used tohoistthetrussmembersontoaseriesof concrete edgeoftheeastern pylonwas the northern crane withanadjustable150-foot boomerected on the 24-monthconstructioncycle.Asingletower 40-inch concrete platform,whichisourtransfer slab. supported another 32-inchconcrete pour fora the formworkto place an8-inchslabondeck,which installed the bridging steel with metal deck to create T he trusses were erected first. T hen we construction costs. Itworkedperfectly.” also savedalot of moneyonshippingweightand nearly impossible withoutthatGrade65steel,which “Shoring overtheHighLinewouldhavebeen trusses are whatmadethis happen,”saysMadsen. to concrete’s gritty, shabby-chicexterior. “T he an engineeringmarvelwhilegranting exposure the designersandcontractorsto accomplish lighter weightandincomparable strength allowed concreteshear wallandeastern pylon. loads intothetrussesandthereafter intothewestern steel 40-inch transfer slab, which communicates the fifteen floorsrest atopthecompositeconcrete and the concrete andthesteel.TheStandard’s remaining studs transmittheshearbackandforthbetween A embedded in the transfer slab system fabricated from thetopchords ofthestructuralsteeltrussesare building withouthavingtoshore off theHighLine.” From there wewere abletobuildtherest ofthe connections of S TM Far from playing second fiddle, structural steel’s

A 611 and 3 ⁄ A 4 -inch diameterby5-inchheaded S TM

A 653 33ksi metal deck. Shear M Metals inConstruction Spring2010 the HighLine. of off shoring constructive or structural any prohibit restrictions Facing Zoning lift materialontotheplatform. to pylon concrete eastern the on boom a center, installing the in joined were trusses the once area staging a as truss the use to able were Above Contractors

Previous spread: Martin Perrin; left column: Helmark Steel Inc.; right: Todd Schliemann/Polshek

Nikolas Koenig courtesy Standard “  Erik Madsen, DeSimone this happen.” The trussesare whatmade

Consulting Engineers

The Standard Hotel Curtain Wall Erector:Tower Installation,LLC,Windsor, CT Curtain Wall Fabricator:PermasteelisaNorthAmericaCorp.,Windsor, CT Structural teelErector: DE FalconSteelCompany,Wilmington, DE Structural teelFabricator:HelmarkSteel,Inc.,Wilmington, Curtain Wall Consultant:R.A.Heintges&Associates,NewYork, NY , NewYork,Construction Manager:PavariniMcGovern NY Mechanical Engineer:Edwards &Zuck,NewYork, NY Structural Engineer:DeSimoneConsultingEngineers,NewYork, NY Architect: Todd SchliemannofPolshekPartnershipArchitects, NewYork, NY Owner: AndréBalazsProperties, NewYork, NY Location: 848Washington Street, New York, NY THE STANDARD HOTEL,NEWYORK 41 Steel provides an elegant solution for Monroe High the design and budgetary needs of a new high school School Annex addition in the Bronx.

The New York City Department of Education has the largest construction budget in the country, spending billions of dollars a year on new facilities. But with more than a million students enrolled and a desperate need for new schools, especially as families increasingly choose the boroughs over the ’burbs, New York must stretch every dollar as far as possible. For a new addition to the James Monroe High School in the Soundview neighborhood of the Bronx, the designers built with steel because it allowed them to create a building that is both economical and elegant. Through steel’s expressive beauty, the designers were able to leave many structural elements exposed, especially in the building’s two signature spaces, the auditorium and the gymnasium, saving money in the process. From the project’s inception, steel helped guide the design process to keep it as efficient and inexpensive as possible, including even the layout of the new school. “If you think about the most economical plan in a school, it’s a double-loaded corridor,” says Alex Diez, the principal in charge of the project at Kliment Halsband Architects. This allows for standardized layout with the steel columns, ranging from W12x14 to W21x44, evenly spaced at 30-foot spans with one classroom per bay. The columns are connected to the slab with 3⁄4-inch diameter studs. This configuration makes for the easy placement of doors and lockers within the spans, as well as expansive windows that pour natural light into the classrooms. The system’s diagonal bracing did make for a tight layout, though it was preferable because it required less steel, and thus less money. this relatively simple setup is not without its challenges,

42 Metals in Construction Spring 2010 Monroe High School Annex 43 44 Metals inConstruction Spring2010

Previous spread and this page: Peter Mauss/Esto

This page: Kliment Halsband Architects a shared auditoriumandgym. courtyard tothebuildingentranceand each. students 500 of schools independent two for space provides school five-story foot, Previous spread The146,000 square an elegantarch aswellmaking barrel shape givesthestructure larger auditoriumroof. “The a barrel girder was usedforthe gym, ahipgirder wasused while the engineering overhead. For the and plays—butalsobecauseof place within—basketballgames not only for the activities that take the mostdynamicinschool, of theexpansionjoint,theyare A meticulous increating theirjoint. which iswhythedesignerswere line if poorly designed or neglected, maintenance problems downthe that thespacescanpresent Severud Associates,explaining says CawsieJijina,aprincipalat A client. “TheSchoolConstruction process, especially in light of the them one,”Diezsays. taking three buildingsandmaking to connect them. “We’re basically an expansion joint was required greater thanontheschoolproper, on thesegrandspacesismuch Because theenvironmental loads and itshistoric1924 neighbor. courtyard between the new school is key, thislayoutalsocreates a arts focus, for which the auditorium the newschool—inadditiontoan spaces that are the centerpiece of the auditoriumandgym,vaulted is connectingthemainbuildingto thereal challenge,though, create thewiderspansrequired. added to shift the loads around and problem, additionalbracingis nurse’s office. T like alibrary, musicroom, and cafeteria, and other sundry spaces accommodate doublewidelabs, a cutter classrooms. Itmustalso houses more thanjustcookie- as thefour-story mainbuilding s for the spaces on the other side uthority hates expansion joints,” But that is not always an easy But thatisnotalwaysaneasy S tudents tudents pass through a landscaped o address this

double-angled L4x4x flat memberswere usedwith oversaw theproject. associate principal at Severud who it stronger,” saysCarey Ngai,an for thestudents.” spans work.Itcouldbealesson they can understand how the large stuff upthere,” he says. “Maybe “There’s allkindsofinteresting future architects and engineers. purpose: hopefullyitwillmint Diez says it could serve another cost savingsandoverallutility, inadditiontothedesign’s insulation,” Jijinasays. the needforanyacoustical roof, ECP32416/18. “Iteliminates was employedintheauditorium special composite deck from Metals’ EP30018/20, thougha acoustical deckwasused,Epic well. untreated, doesdoubleduty, as which wasalsoleftexposedand the auditorium.Theroof deck, from thebaseoftrussesin trusses—even thelightingishung are whollysupportedbythe roof systems, mechanical t systems fillet-welded inplaces. bolts andthebarrel trusswasalso horizontal braces. added stabilityaswellW10x88 used attheendsofroof for truss of the same composition is legs back to back. bolted with to L4x3x on theirsideandattachedagain W10x68 flatmemberswere turned given itssizeandcomplexity: was slightlymore complicated, The systemfortheauditorium stiffness betweenthearches. W12x14 beamsprovide lateral vertical anddiagonalmember; long-term maintenance. the alleviate to joints the designed meticulously engineers and architects The joints. expansion by connected structures three of consists annex Facing, bottomThe and heighteningthesenseofopenness. left exposed,reducing materialscosts was Facing, gym’s girder top The hip For thegymnasium,W12x53 o further the efficiency of the I n the gymnasium, a standard 3 ⁄ 8 S , though with the long , thoughwiththelong 3 CA’s concerns about their their CA’sabout concerns ⁄ 4 -inch and M A A ll trusses were conventional 3 ⁄ 8 forthe 7 ⁄ 8 -inch -inch E pic

Monroe HighSchool Annex in between. placed be to windows large and lockers, ¾-inch diameterstuds,allowingdoors, Columns are connectedtotheslabwith bay. per classroom one of placement the for allow spans Thirty-foot Above 45 46 Metals inConstruction Spring2010

This spread: Peter Mauss/Esto saving moneyinthe process. many structuralelements exposed, the designerswere abletoleave Through steel’s expressive beauty, Monroe HighSchool Annex Structural teelErector: Glasmar SteelErectors, Inc.,RockvilleCentre,NY General Contractor: BovisLendLease,NewYork, NY Mechanical Engineer: Ambrosino, Depinto&SchmiederEngineers,NewYork, NY Structural Engineer:SeverudAssociates , NewYork, NY Architect: KlimentHalsbandArchitects, NewYork, NY Owner: NewYork CityDepartmentofEducation,NewYork, NY Location: 1300 BoyntonAvenue, Bronx, NY MONROE HIGHSCHOOLANNEX open spaces. other library,and auditorium, cafeteria, a labs, double-width including amenities, modern most the accommodate to it allows steel economically, built was school new the This spreadThought 47 engineers, historians, Aging Buildings: Workshop: and theorists included: Designing Advanced Paola Antonelli, Phillip Anzalone, Michael Bell, for Longevity Stainless Steel David Benjamin, Roberto Organized by the the Architectural Lawrence Weiss, Chairman Robert Koch Herbert K. Koenig, Chairman Randall Ment Bicchiarelli, Beatriz Steel and Ornamental Design A.J. McNulty & Co., Inc. Skanska Koch, Inc. Tower Installation LLC Ment Brothers I.W. Co. Inc. Colomina, John Metal Institutes of New Maspeth, NY Carteret, NJ Windsor, CT New York, NY Fernandez, Kenneth York and the Architectural On November 19, 2009, Frampton, Laurie Engineering Institute leading architectural metal Jake Bidosky Rich Lucas Peter Carriero Randy Rifelli American Bridge Company Northeast Structural Steel Inc. Post Road Iron Works United Iron, Inc. Hawkinson, Juan (AEI) of ASCE, 2009’s expert Catherine Houska Coraopolis, PA Mt. Vernon, NY Greenwich, CT Mount Vernon, NY Herreros, Steven Holl, symposium on Aging led an all-day seminar on Keith Kaseman, Sanford Buildings brought together planning, specification, Terry Flynn Randall Ment Harvey A. Heffner Arthur Rubinstein wide range of leading Kwinter, Sylvia Lavin, eleven leading researchers and execution of Tutor Perini Corporation Ment Brothers, I.W. Co., Inc. Empire City Iron Works Skyline Steel Corp. Post Ductility Peekskill, NY New York, NY Long Island City, NY Brooklyn, NY Conference architects, engineers, and Mark Malekshahi, Ronald and practitioners to lead innovative stainless steel scholars. Mayes, Rory McGowan, a day of presentations designs. The day’s topics Stephen J. Hynes Robert Samela More than 300 students the conference kicked Detlef Mertins, Christian regarding the longevity included: sustainable Midlantic Erectors, Inc. A.C. Associates and design and off with introductory Meyer, Ana Miljacki, of typical steel frame stainless steel design; Roselle, NJ Lyndhurst, NJ engineering professionals remarks by GSAPP Toshiko Mori, Jorge Otero structures with glass design, selection and Stephen Isaacson attended Columbia dean Mark Wigley and Pailos, Theo Prudon, curtain wall enclosures. maintenance, stainless Skanska Koch, Inc. University’s third a Keynote Lecture by Jesse Reiser, Leslie The symposium’s steel finishes, building Carteret, NJ conference on architecture, Madrid-based architect Robertson, Hilary Sample, speakers included: envelopes, transit engineering, and materials and Harvard Graduate Hans Schober, Matthias Mohammed Ettouney, buildings and structures, The labor to erect the structural steel on projects featured in this The labor to erect the architectural and ornamental metals on projects September 30 – October 2. School of Design Schuler, Craig Schwitter, Ph.D., P.E., F.AEI, Wilfried interior applications, and publication was provided by the following labor unions: featured in this publication was provided by the following labor union: The conference, entitled professor José Rafael Felicity Scott, Werner Laufs, Ph.D., LEED A.P., swimming pools and Post Ductility: Metals in Moneo. In his remarks, Sobek, Galia Solomonoff, Thomas A. Schwartz, P.E., water features. Houska, Local Union No. 40 Local Union No. 361 Local Union No. 580 International Association of International Association of Architectural and Ornamental Ironworkers Architecture and Moneo spoke about his Man-Chung Tang, Israel Berger, AIA, Jeff author of more than Bridge, Structural Ironworkers & Riggers Bridge, Structural Ironworkers & Riggers 501 West 42nd Street Engineering, is part of design of Columbia’s Heiko Trumpf, Nanako Heymann, Ron Latanision, 100 articles, papers, and 451 Park Avenue South 89-19 97th Avenue New York, NY 10036 the Graduate School of new interdisciplinary Umemoto, George Ph.D., P.E., Vincent Hock, technical brochures, is New York, NY 10016 Ozone Park, NY 11416 (212) 594-1662 (212) 889-1320 (718) 322-1016 Architecture, Planning and science building and its Wheeler, Mark Wigley, F.NACE, Michel Bruneau, expected to lead another James Mahoney Preservation’s (GSAPP) implications for the future and Mabel Wilson. Ph.D., P.Eng., David in the fall of next year. Robert Walsh Richard O’Kane Business Manager and Financial Business Manager and Business Manager and Secretary-Treasurer series exploring material of architectural metals. Peraza, P.E., Robert C. Financial Secretary-Treasurer Financial Secretary-Treasurer science through events the long list of Field, P.E., LEED A.P., John Bush and discussions with a participating architects, and John P. Cross, P.E. Kevin O’Rourke Matthew Chartrand President President and Business Agent President and Business Agent Robert Benesh Daniel Doyle Anthony DeBlasie Business Agent Recording Secretary and Business Agent Institute ads appear regularly in New York-area industry publications to let readers know that we can help turn their design aspirations into realities. Business Representative Peter Creegan Business Agent Local Union No. 14 Local Union No. 15 & 15-D International Union of Operating Engineers International Union of Operating Engineers Peter Myers 141-57 Northern Boulevard 265 West 14th Street Business Agent Flushing, NY 11354 New York, NY 10011 (718) 939-0600 (212) 929-5327 Dennis Milton Business Agent Edwin Christian James Callahan President and Business Manager President and Business Manager

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www.siny.org www.ominy.org Steel Institute of New York Ornamental Metal Institute of New York

The Steel and Ornamental Metal Institutes of New York are • seminars covering structural systems, economy of steel design, Institute staff are available with information regarding the use not-for-profit associations created in 1972 to advance the interests curtain wall systems, design, and use of alloys and surface of structural steel and architectural metals for your project by of the structural steel and the architectural, ornamental, and treatments for miscellaneous iron work, and issues important contacting Institute offices at miscellaneous metal construction industries. They serve a to the construction industry addressed to developers, architects, geographical area encompassing New York City and the adjacent engineers, construction managers, detailers, and fabricators 211 East 43rd Street, Suite 804 counties of Nassau, Suffolk, and Westchester. Each sponsors New York, NY 10017 programs to aid architects, engineers, construction managers, • Representation before government bodies and agencies in T 212-697-5553/5554 and developers in selecting structural systems and architectural matters of laws, codes, and regulations affecting the industry F 212-818-0976 metals for optimum building performance. Programs in which and the support of programs that will expand the volume of the Institute is engaged include: building construction in the area The Institutes are a registered provider of the American Institute of Architects Continuing Education System • Consultations extending to the preparation of preliminary design • Granting of subsidies to architecture and engineering schools (AIA/CES). and construction cost analyses for alternative structural systems and funding of research programs related to the advancement and growth of the industry William Shuzman • Consultations on design and finishes for bronze, stainless steel, Executive Director and aluminum for architectural and ornamental ironwork,curtain • publication of Metals in Construction, a magazine dedicated to Gary Higbee AIA wall systems, window walls, and metal windows and panels showcasing building projects in the New York area that feature Director of Industry Development innovative use of steel

48 Metals in Construction Spring 2010