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Larval and Early Juvenile Development of the Frillfin Goby, Bathygobius Soporator (Perciformes: Gobiidae) Kevin M

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Larval and Early Juvenile Development of the Frillfin Goby, Bathygobius Soporator (Perciformes: Gobiidae) Kevin M Northeast Gulf Science Volume 6 Article 7 Number 2 Number 2 10-1983 Larval and Early Juvenile Development of the Frillfin Goby, Bathygobius soporator (Perciformes: Gobiidae) Kevin M. Peters Florida Department of Natural Resources DOI: 10.18785/negs.0602.07 Follow this and additional works at: https://aquila.usm.edu/goms Recommended Citation Peters, K. M. 1983. Larval and Early Juvenile Development of the Frillfin Goby, Bathygobius soporator (Perciformes: Gobiidae). Northeast Gulf Science 6 (2). Retrieved from https://aquila.usm.edu/goms/vol6/iss2/7 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by The Aquila Digital Community. It has been accepted for inclusion in Gulf of Mexico Science by an authorized editor of The Aquila Digital Community. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Peters: Larval and Early Juvenile Development of the Frillfin Goby, Bathy Northeast Gulf Science Vol. 6, No. 2., p. 137·153 October ·1983 LARVAL AND EARLY JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT OF THE FRILLFIN GOBY, Bathygobius soporator (Perciformes: Gobiidae) Kevin M. Peters Florida Department of Natural Resources Bureau of Marine Research "100 Eighth AvenueS. E. St. Petersburg, FL 33701-5095 Abstract: Larval and early juvenile development of laboratory-reared frillfin gobies, Bathygobius soporator (Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1837), is described and figured. One-day­ old preserved specimens averaged 2.0 mm SL, had 11·12 preanal myomeres, and 25·26 total myomeres. Caudal fin rays appeared at 3.1 mm SL (10 days), followed by soft dorsal and anal fin rays at 3.4 mm SL (11 days). Dominant larval pigmentation consisted of dense rows of stellate melanophores along the dorsal and anal midlines and later along the lateral midline. The change to juvenile pigmentation and a benthic habit occurred at 4.7·5.4 mm SL (26·31 days). Early juvenile growth was characterized by migration of the eyes to the adult position, rounding of the caudal fin margin, beginning of scale formation, and separation of the upper pectoral fin rays. Sequence of ossification is described and figured. In one-day-old larvae (2.0 mrir.SL),·. only the maxillae and cleithra had started to ossify. Many bones, including the ethmoids, small gill arch elements, nasals, and ribs were not ossified at settling (4.7·5.3 mm SL). With the exception of the adult complement of ribs, all bones were ossified in the largest juvenile (17.6 mm SL, 97 days). The frillfin goby, Bathygobius feeding by the second day. Unfortunate­ soporator (Cuvier and Valenciennes, ly, the rearing had to be terminated on 1837) is a relatively large, robust goby the third day. Tavolga (1950) was able to that inhabits shallow coastal waters strip spawn adult B. soporator and throughout the southeastern United described the embryonic and early larval States. Ginsburg (1947) discusses the development of the species. He found specific ranges and adult characteristics that hatching took place in 96-100 hrs at of B. soporator, its subspecies, and 27-29°C and that at 20-24 hrs, the embryo related species in the American undergoes a reversal in orientation from Bathygobius complex. facing the basal end of the egg case to The embryonic and early larval facing the distal end (head down). Ap­ development of the frillfin goby is well parently, this geotactic response is documented (Breder, 1943; Tavolga, necessary for successful hatching from 1950, 1953, 1954). Breder (1943) found late the elongate hanging egg. Larvae were stage B. soporator eggs, guarded by the 2.3 mm TL at hatching and lived 3-4 days male parent, attached to the underside (2.6-2.7 mm TL). These larvae had of a clam shell in shallow water. Eggs punctate melanophores "coating the ab­ were described as elongate and dominal cavity and thinly scattered over somewhat cigar-shaped with a rounded the dorsum." Large stellate bulbous distal end into which the head melanophores 'Nere present on the ven­ of the embryo fits. The basal end was tral surface of the hindbrain and in two "roundly pointed" and attached to the rows on the dorsal and ventral midline. shell by a bundle of adhesive threads. The swim bladder was highly visible and Eggs averaged 2.36 mm in length. Larvae heavily pigmented. had small yolk sacs at hatching and were This study was designed to describe 137 Published by The Aquila Digital Community, 1983 1 Gulf of Mexico Science, Vol. 6 [1983], No. 2, Art. 7 138 K.M. Peters complete development of larval and ear­ dissecting microscope. Mean standard ly juvenile frillfin gobies from laboratory­ lengths ( = notochord lengths in preflex­ reared specimens. Other larval ion larvae) were calculated for each day's Bathygobius spp. are probably similar to sample (Table 1). All lengths given refer those described herein and further in­ to standard length (SL) unless otherwise vestigations may be needed to separate noted. Morphometric measurements them from larval B. soporator in areas of follow Peters (1981) and were grouped in­ overlapping ranges. to the growth stages of preflexion, flex­ ion, postflexion larvae and juveniles to MATERIALS AND METHODS show changes through larval and juvenile growth (Table 2). The growth In mid-October of 1978, an adult stages were then further subdivided in­ male frillfin goby was collected, with its to 0.5 mm increments to show propor­ nest, in an oyster shell from Tampa Bay, tions for the range of larval and juvenile Florida. The shell contained hundreds of sizes (Tables 3-6). eggs and was returned to the laboratory A developmental series consisting for rearing of the goby larvae. of 83 larval, 13 juvenile, and 5 adult Newly-hatched larvae were reared in specimens was cleared and differential­ 30 liter aquaria at temperatures of ly stained for bone and cartilage using 24-26°C and salinities of 28-30% 0• Larvae a method modified from Dingerkus and were fed rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis Uhler (1977). All meristic counts were Muller) until old enough to take newly­ made on cleared and stained material. hatched brine shrimp (Artemia salina L.). Drawings were made using a camera Samples of larvae were taken at half-day Iucida on a Zeiss dissecting microscope. intervals for the first two weeks, then at Osteological abbreviations used in daily intervals the third week, and at odd this paper are: AN, angular; AR, anal ray; intervals thereafter depending on the ART, articular; AS, anal spine; BB, number of fish remaining. All larvae were basibranchial; BH, basihyal; BO, basioc­ preserved in 5% buffered Formalin, and cipital; BR, branchiostegal; CB, allowed to stand for several months. ceratobranchial; CH, ceratohyal; CL, Body proportions were then measured on cleithrum; CN, vertebral centrum; COR, the preserved, shrunken specimens us­ coracoid; CPS, cartilaginous pectoral fin ing an ocular micrometer on a Zeiss support; CR, caudal ray; DEN, dentary; Table 1. Mean Standard Lengths (SL) of laboratory-reared larval and juvenile Bathygobius soporator at ages sampled. Age In Days Mean SL (mm) Age in Days Mean SL (mm) Age in Days Mean SL (mm) 1 2.0 15 3.6 29 4.9 2 2.2 16 3.7 30' 5.3 3 2.1 17 3.9 31 5.4 4 2.3 18 3.5 32 5.4 5 2.4 19 3.6 35 5.5 6 2.4 20 4.1 38 6.2 7 2.6 21 4.3 41 6.3 8 2.8 22 4.6 43 7.4 9 2.9 23 5.3 49 8.6 10 3.1 24 4.7 52 8.4 11 3.4 25 4.8 59 8.9 12 3.5 26 4.7 69 11.2 13 3.7 27 5.0 79 14.8 14 3.7 28 5.2 97 16.8 *Indicates approximate age and size of transition to benthic habit. https://aquila.usm.edu/goms/vol6/iss2/7 2 DOI: 10.18785/negs.0602.07 Peters: Larval and Early Juvenile Development of the Frillfin Goby, Bathy Development of the frillfin goby 139 Table 2. Changes in body proportions (as % SL) of Bathygobius soporator larvae and juveniles during four growth stages. Data are mean values ± standard deviation, with ranges in parenthesis. Number of specimens measured is given below each stage heading. Preflexion Flexion Postflexlon Juvenile 103 12 108 20 Total length 106.0 ± 1.0 107.1 ± 3.2 118.5 ± 3.0 123.3 ± 1.6 (1 02.9-1 08.4) (104.4-123.5) (106.0-129.1) (120.4-126.3) Head length 21.6 ± 1.6 22.7 ± 1.2 26.7 ± 2.0 30.1 ± 1.6 (15.0-25.6) (21.0-25.2) (21.6-31.4) (27.1-32.8) Snout length 4.7 ± 1.0 4.7 ± 1.0 5.3 ± 0.9 6.6 ± 0.7 (1.6-7.3) (3.6-7.3) (3.0-8.0) (5.4-7.9) Eye diameter 8.5 ± 0.8 7.6 ± 0.4 8.3 ± 0.4 8.3 ± 0.8 (6.4-10.3) (6.9-8.4) (7.9-9.3) (5.5-9.2) Prepelvic length 30.4 ± 2.5' 31.7 ± 1.1 (26.1-37.3) (30.3-33.7) Predorsal length 41.1 ± 1.0' 40.3 ±0.9 (38.9-44.1) (39.1-42.9) Preanal length 52.9 ±1.7 54.8 ± 1.7 56.0 ± 1.6 56.9 ± 1.2 (46.6-56.5) (52.0-57.3) (50.4-64.2) (54.8-59.0) Body depth 16.8±1.3 16.3 ± 1.1 19.3 ± 1.7 23.1 ± 1.3 (14.2-20.1) (15.1-18.1) (15.6-23.2) (20.9-27 .2) Caudal penduncle depth 9.1 ± 0.73 10.9 ± 0.8 (7 .3-1 0.8) (9.8-12.4) Pectoral length 11.8 ± 1.5 12.2 ± 1.5 14.6 ± 2.9 24.5 ± 2.7 (6.8-15.7) (1 0.6-12.8) (1 0.9-25.5) (19.1-29.8) Pelvic length 11.8±7.1' 24.8±2.0 --------------------------------------------------~3~.3~-255~.6~-----~.4-28~ 1 n =83 4 n=57 2 n =28 3 n=86 DH, dorsal hypohyal; DHP, dorsal LAC, lachrymal; LE, lateral ethmoid; LP, hypural plate; DPT, distal pterygiophore; lower pharyngeal; ME, median ethmoid; DR, dorsal ray; DS, dorsal spine; EB, MET, metapterygoid; MK, Meckel's Car­ epibranchial; ECT, ectopterygoid; EH, tilage; MPT, medial pteryg iophore; MX, epihyal; EP, epiotic; EPR, epipleural rib; maxilla; NA, neural arch; NAS, nasal; EPU, epural; EX, exoccipital; F, frontal; NOT, notochord; OP, opercle; PAL, HB, hypobranchial; HH, hypohyal; HM, palatine; PALO, palatoq uadrate; PB hyomandibula; HY, hypural 5; IH, in­ pharyngobranchial; PC, procurrent car­ terhyal; INT, intercalar, 10, interopercle; tilage; PCR, procurrent caudal ray; PEL, Table 3.
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