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Figurative Language Used in a Novel by Arafat Nur on the Aceh Conflict

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Figurative Language Used in a Novel by Arafat Nur on the Aceh Conflict KasetsartKasetsart Journal Journal of ofSocial Social Sciences Sciences 41 (2020) 395–400e 40 (2019) 1 9 Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences journal homepage: http://kjss.kasetsart.org Forecasting equilibrium quantity and price on the world natural rubbera, market FigurativeMohammad Harun language*, Yunisrina used inQ a novel by Arafat Nur on the Aceh conflict a Indonesian Language and Literature Department,a, Teacher* Training and Educationb Faculty, Universitas Syiah aKuala,b Jalan Tgk. Hasan Krueng Kale No. 3 DaSuratwadeerussalam, Banda Aceh Arunwarakorn 23111, Indonesia , Kamonchanok Suthiwartnarueput , c, 1 ismullah Yusuf , Muhammad Karnafi bPongsa English Education Pornchaiwiseskul Department, Teacher Training and Education Faculty, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Jalan Tgk. Hasan Krueng Kale No. 3 Darussalam, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia a Logistics and Supply Chain Management, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand b ArticleDepartment Info of Commerce, Chulalongkorn Business School,Abstract Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand c Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand Article history: Burung Terbang di Received 23 April 2018 Revised 19 October 2019 Kelam Malam (hereafter, BTKM, or translated as ‘A Bird Flies in The Dark of Night’), AcceptedArticle 19 Info October 2019 writtenThisAbstract paper by aimsArafat to Nurdescribe in 2014. the figurative BTKM is languageone of the used ten in novels the novel by this author whose Available online 13 March 2020 Article history: Natural rubber on the world market has had small increases in demand and big increases in Received 27 March 2017 Indonesian government and the Free Aceh Movement. The research data are the languagesupply. Therefore, style is demand strongly and influenced supply are imbalancedby the 32-year and this long impacts conflict the between natural rubber the Keywords:Revised 2 July 2017 price of the world market causing a decline. This study aimed: (1) to develop de-mand and Accepted 25 July 2017 andsupply paragraphs; models to predictbe it a thepart world of the natural descriptions, rubber quantity the monologues, using simultaneous or the dialogues equations; Available online Burung Terbang di Kelam Malam, betweenfigurative(2) to predict characters. language all explanatory The used data in variables arethe analyzed novel in the in using demandthe form the andstylistic of supply words, analysis. models phrases, The using result sentences, the simpleof the Aceh conflict, 1 2017 researchmoving average shows technique;that the novel and(3) uses to estimatesimile most the equilibrium(32 occurrences), quantity followed and price by for satire world novelKeywords: September natural rubber during 2017e2026. First, in the demand model, there was a positive figurativeequilibrium language, price, (22), hyperbole (18), metonymy (16), metaphor (13), sarcasm (11), synecdoche (9), relationship of the explanatory variables of world natural rubber production quantity, equilibrium quantity, synthetic rubber price, percentage year of year (%YOY) of gross domestic product (GDP), natural rubber, and the exchange rate, while the negative relationship variable was natural rubber price. In simultaneous equation becamepersonification powerful and language irony (each tools towith represent 8 occurrences), the social, and political, with litotesand cultural (6) as problems the least usedthe supply figurative model, language. the positive These relationship results imply variables that the were most natural used rubberfigurative price, language mature area, rainfall, and crude oil price, while the negative relationship variables were world charactersnatural rubber is presented stock and through urea language price. Second, that associates the predicted with variablesfear, sensitivity, indicated anxiety that inproduction, Acehnese %societyYOY of during GDP, exchange the conflict rate, and amount the post of stock, conflict and era. the The mature psychology area tended of the to gradually increase, while the synthetic rubber price, urea price,© 2020 rainfall, Kasetsart and crude University. oil price andtended insecurity to slowly in the decrease middle fromof the 2017 conflict to 2026.and among Finally, people the equilibrium with power quantity who are forecastpitiless. tended to gradually increase from 953.75 to 957.15 thousand tonnes, and the equilibrium price tended to fluctuate and decrease from 169.78 to 162.05 thousand yen from 2017 to 2026. Consequently, this study may be helpful to the governments of the world's impor- Introduction tant natural rubber producingBitter experiences countries to plansuch policiesas rape toand reduce sex slavery, natural illegitimate rubber pro- duction costs and stabilize the natural rubber price in the future, such as by setting suitable Indonesian novelist Arafat Nur has writtenareas a ofnumber world naturalof rubberparanoia, plantation severe in traumas, each country, and children and defi ningbeing appropriate forced out and of compelling novels with an Acehnese background.sustainable The plots alternative of cropschoolchildren, areas color inarson, each the novels country.torture, by sadisticArafat Nur. killings, abandoned fields, © 2017 Kasetsart University. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. his ten latest novels are closely linked to the various social, Arafat Nur was born in Lubuk Pakam, North Sumatra on December 22, 1974. Even though he has written many poems the Government of Indonesia and the Free Aceh Movement and short stories since he was young, he began his debut as cultural, and political issues arising from the conflict between a writer in 1997 when he had his works published in a number after the signing of the Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) of mass media in Indonesia, such as in North Sumatra, Aceh ofwhich Peace started in Helsinki, in 1973 Finland(Shaw, 2008). on August The conflict 15, 2005 finally (Ronnie, ended and Jakarta. Nur has lived most of his life all over Aceh and was 2016). However, war crimes committed by both parties during Introduction the Acehnese rebellions and the Indonesian government that the* Acehnese.Corresponding Those author. crimes are partially depicted in the novels. startedliterallyThe exposed naturalin 1973 to rubber until the effects 2005. market of He the of haspolitical the experienced world conflict is primarily between being the E-conflictmail addresses:are [email protected] imprinted in the collective, [email protected] memory of kidnapped,concentrated tortured in China, and had Europe, his house India, burned USA, down and till Japan, his (S. Arunwarakorn). familyrespectively, had nowhere which were to live. the This top fibackgroundve countries ultimately of natural Peer* Corresponding review under author. responsibility of Kasetsart University. rubber consumption in 2015 (International Rubber Study 1 Co-first authors. [email protected] (M. Harun). Peer review under responsibility of Kasetsart University. E-mail address: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.kjss.2017.07.013 influenced the themes of his works, raising the life of the 2452-3151/© 2017 Kasetsart University. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. https://doi.org/10.34044/j.kjss.2020.41.2.12 2542-3151/© 2020 Kasetsart University. 396 M. Harun et al. / Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences 41 (2020) 395–400 Acehnese people during those times. Besides having worked as part of literary stylistics. In relation to this, Endraswara (2008) explains that this style is meant to achieve beauty in many to produce quality works has led Nur to win several awards in literary works. Therefore, authors use and play the language to Indonesia.an honorary teacher, Nur also served as a journalist. His ability neatly wrap their ideas with the intention of creating exquisiteness favored by readers. by Nur’s decades of empirical evidence involving trial and In the case of language in novels, the style may be personal error; The that use he of hasvarious lived figurative through languages this is enough seems experience to be caused of and social. A personal style is when the author’s language is living in a sadistic, sarcastic, and ironic setting of the Aceh distinctive. Even when he or she dies, such distinctive work shall live within the hearts of readers. Meanwhile, the use of by Nur, almost all of his works are known to use ironic, satirical, social style can change depending on the context of the story conflict. Based on our preliminary study of the novels written and it is not always sustained. language. Nevertheless, we found the novel Burung Terbang di Kelamand sarcastic Malam language, (hereafter, in BTKM, addition or translatedto other forms as ‘A ofBird figurative Flies in (pars pro toto and The Dark of Night’), to be the most powerful of his novels in its totum The pro main parte) types (Junus, of figurative1989). Simile, language sarcasm are and metaphors, satire are metonymy, personification, and synecdoche novel is published by PT. Yogyakarta Library in 2014. Additionally, there are dramatic elements of language, which is use Inof Nur’svarious BTKM, kinds it canof figurative be said that language. the setting This of the376 story pages is comparisonalso other types (Sikana, of figurative 2008), and language irony, (Endraswara,sarcasm, litotes 2008). and after the signing of the Helsinki MoU (Memorandum of hyperbole (Fananie, 2002). And so, it can be concluded that the Understanding), which was on August 15, 2005 (Ronnie, 2016).
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