Armenian Numismatic Journal, Volume 29
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Possible Historical Traces in the Doctrina Addai
Hugoye: Journal of Syriac Studies, Vol. 9.1, 51-127 © 2006 [2009] by Beth Mardutho: The Syriac Institute and Gorgias Press POSSIBLE HISTORICAL TRACES IN THE DOCTRINA ADDAI ILARIA L. E. RAMELLI CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF THE SACRED HEART, MILAN 1 ABSTRACT The Teaching of Addai is a Syriac document convincingly dated by some scholars in the fourth or fifth century AD. I agree with this dating, but I think that there may be some points containing possible historical traces that go back even to the first century AD, such as the letters exchanged by king Abgar and Tiberius. Some elements in them point to the real historical context of the reign of Abgar ‘the Black’ in the first century. The author of the Doctrina might have known the tradition of some historical letters written by Abgar and Tiberius. [1] Recent scholarship often dates the Doctrina Addai, or Teaching of Addai,2 to the fourth century AD or the early fifth, a date already 1 This is a revised version of a paper delivered at the SBL International Meeting, Groningen, July 26 2004, Ancient Near East section: I wish to thank very much all those who discussed it and so helped to improve it, including the referees of the journal. 2 Extant in mss of the fifth-sixth cent. AD: Brit. Mus. 935 Add. 14654 and 936 Add. 14644. Ed. W. Cureton, Ancient Syriac Documents (London 1864; Piscataway: Gorgias, 2004 repr.), 5-23; another ms. of the sixth cent. was edited by G. Phillips, The Doctrine of Addai, the Apostle (London, 1876); G. -
The Depiction of the Arsacid Dynasty in Medieval Armenian Historiography 207
Azat Bozoyan The Depiction of the ArsacidDynasty in Medieval Armenian Historiography Introduction The Arsacid, or Parthian, dynasty was foundedinthe 250s bce,detaching large ter- ritories from the Seleucid Kingdom which had been formed after the conquests of Alexander the Great.This dynasty ruled Persia for about half amillennium, until 226 ce,when Ardashir the Sasanian removed them from power.Under the Arsacid dynasty,Persia became Rome’smain rival in the East.Arsacid kingsset up theirrel- ativesinpositions of power in neighbouringstates, thus making them allies. After the fall of the Artaxiad dynasty in Armenia in 66 ce,Vologases IofParthia, in agree- ment with the RomanEmpire and the Armenian royal court,proclaimed his brother Tiridates king of Armenia. His dynasty ruled Armenia until 428 ce.Armenian histor- iographical sources, beginning in the fifth century,always reserved aspecial place for that dynasty. MovsēsXorenacʽi(Moses of Xoren), the ‘Father of Armenian historiography,’ at- tributed the origin of the Arsacids to the Artaxiad kingswho had ruled Armenia be- forehand. EarlyArmenian historiographic sources provide us with anumber of tes- timoniesregarding various representativesofthe Arsacid dynasty and their role in the spread of Christianity in Armenia. In Armenian, as well as in some Syriac histor- ical works,the origin of the Arsacids is related to King AbgarVof Edessa, known as the first king to officiallyadopt Christianity.Armenian and Byzantine historiograph- ical sources associate the adoption of Christianity as the state religion in Armenia with the Arsacid King Tiridates III. Gregory the Illuminator,who playedamajor role in the adoption of Christianity as Armenia’sstate religion and who even became widelyknown as the founder of the Armenian Church, belongstoanother branch of the samefamily. -
Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-01205-9 — Syrian Identity in the Greco-Roman World Nathanael J
Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-01205-9 — Syrian Identity in the Greco-Roman World Nathanael J. Andrade Index More Information Index Maccabees, , , , Armenian tiara and Persian dress, Maccabees, , , , , as Roman citizen, Commagene as hearth, Abgar X (c. –), , , compared with Herod I, Abgarid dynasty of Edessa, culture and cult sustained by gods, Abidsautas, Aurelios (Beth Phouraia), , dexiosis, , , Galatians, , Achaemenid Persians, , , , , , , , Greek and Persian divinities, , , , , Greek, Persian, and Armenian ancestry, , Acts of the Apostles, Aelia Capitolina (Jerusalem), , , hierothesion at Nemrud Dag,˘ , , Agrippa, Marcus Vipsanius, , hybridity, , , Akkadian cuneiform, , , , , , , Nemrud DagasDelphi,˘ Alexander III of Macedon (the Great) (– organizes regional community, , , bce), , , , , , , , , , priests in Persian clothing, , , , , , , sacred writing of, Alexander of Aboniteichos (false prophet), , statues of himself, ancesters, and gods, successors patronize poleis, Alexander, Markos Aurelios of Markopolis, trends of his reign, , Anath/Anathenes, , , , , , , Tych¯e, , Antiochus I, Seleucid (– bce), , , Antioch among the Jerusalemites (Jerusalem), Antiochus II, Seleucid (– bce), , , , , , , , , , Antiochus III, Seleucid (– bce), , , Antioch at Daphne, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Antiochus IV of Commagene (– ce), , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Antiochus IV, Seleucid (– bce), , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , bilingual/multilingual Alexander, , , , , , , , , -
Durham E-Theses
Durham E-Theses A study of the client kings in the early Roman period Everatt, J. D. How to cite: Everatt, J. D. (1972) A study of the client kings in the early Roman period, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/10140/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk .UNIVERSITY OF DURHAM Department of Classics .A STUDY OF THE CLIENT KINSS IN THE EARLY ROMAN EMPIRE J_. D. EVERATT M.A. Thesis, 1972. M.A. Thesis Abstract. J. D. Everatt, B.A. Hatfield College. A Study of the Client Kings in the early Roman Empire When the city-state of Rome began to exert her influence throughout the Mediterranean, the ruling classes developed friendships and alliances with the rulers of the various kingdoms with whom contact was made. -
Look Back Through the Millennia and You'll Find Women in Power Even in Humanity's Earliest Days. Here's a Look at Seven Po
LHOSSINE/CREATIVE COMMONS NATIONAL PALACE MUSEUM / PUBLIC DOMAIN CREATIVE COMMONS GUSTAVO JERONIMO/CREATIVE COMMONS GEVORK NAZARYAN/CREATIVE COMMONS INDIA POST Look back through the millennia and you’ll find women Women in power even in humanity’s earliest days. Here’s a look at seven powerful queens and in their accomplishments. PUBLIC DOMAIN History WOMEN IN HISTORY | AFRICAN LEGEND Dihya, Berber Warrior Queen Dihya was born into the Jarawa Zenata tribe in the 7th century and eventually ruled a free Berber state in north Africa that stretched from the Aures Mountains to the oasis of Gadames. She is usually described as very tall with a lot of hair, which may mean she wore her hair long and in dread- locks. The Ancient History Encyclopedia says she was a black, African queen who dressed as royals of ancient Numidia in a loose tunic or robe, sometimes belted, with sandals. FIGHTING THE ARABS Dihya was also referred to in Arabic sources as al Kahina, meaning the soothsayer, because of her alleged ability to foresee the future. She fought off the armies of the Umayyad Dynasty, led by Hasan bin al-Nu’man, who marched from Egypt and met her near Meskiana in 698 (modern day Algeria). It’s said she beat him so badly that he fled to Libya for five years. However, Hasan eventually returned and, helped by a captured officer, defeated Dihya near Tabarka in modern Tunisia near the Algerian border. History dis- agrees on whether she died a warrior’s death in battle or took poison to prevent capture, but it likely occurred in the late 690s or early 700s. -
Durham E-Theses
Durham E-Theses A study of the client kings in the early Roman period Everatt, J. D. How to cite: Everatt, J. D. (1972) A study of the client kings in the early Roman period, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/10140/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk .UNIVERSITY OF DURHAM Department of Classics .A STUDY OF THE CLIENT KINSS IN THE EARLY ROMAN EMPIRE J_. D. EVERATT M.A. Thesis, 1972. M.A. Thesis Abstract. J. D. Everatt, B.A. Hatfield College. A Study of the Client Kings in the early Roman Empire When the city-state of Rome began to exert her influence throughout the Mediterranean, the ruling classes developed friendships and alliances with the rulers of the various kingdoms with whom contact was made. -
Museums and Written Communication
Museums and Written Communication Museums and Written Communication: Tradition and Innovation Edited by Nick Winterbotham and Ani Avagyan Museums and Written Communication: Tradition and Innovation Edited by Nick Winterbotham and Ani Avagyan This book first published 2018 Cambridge Scholars Publishing Lady Stephenson Library, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2PA, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Copyright © 2018 by Nick Winterbotham, Ani Avagyan and contributors All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN (10): 1-5275-0755-6 ISBN (13): 978-1-5275-0755-5 TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements ................................................................................... viii Foreword ........................................................................................................ x Writing and Book within the General Context of the Museum: Speculations on the Problem of the Symposium ................................... 1 Hripsime Pikichian More or Less ................................................................................................ 13 Theodorus Meereboer A Civilisation in Museum Space: Some Theoretical Approaches ... 36 Albert Stepanyan Overcome Your Fears and Start Writing for an Online Community ................................................................................................. -
On the Roman Frontier1
Rome and the Worlds Beyond Its Frontiers Impact of Empire Roman Empire, c. 200 B.C.–A.D. 476 Edited by Olivier Hekster (Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands) Editorial Board Lukas de Blois Angelos Chaniotis Ségolène Demougin Olivier Hekster Gerda de Kleijn Luuk de Ligt Elio Lo Cascio Michael Peachin John Rich Christian Witschel VOLUME 21 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/imem Rome and the Worlds Beyond Its Frontiers Edited by Daniëlle Slootjes and Michael Peachin LEIDEN | BOSTON This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the CC-BY-NC 4.0 License, which permits any non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. The Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available online at http://catalog.loc.gov LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2016036673 Typeface for the Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic scripts: “Brill”. See and download: brill.com/brill-typeface. issn 1572-0500 isbn 978-90-04-32561-6 (hardback) isbn 978-90-04-32675-0 (e-book) Copyright 2016 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Hes & De Graaf, Brill Nijhoff, Brill Rodopi and Hotei Publishing. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. -
Armenian Numismatic Journal, Volume 31
Series II Volume 1 (31) 2005 ARMENIAN 311)11 NUMISMATIC )1) JOURNAL TABLE OF CONTENTS Ser. II, Vol. 1 (31), (2005) Membership Discount Schedule 1 Editorial Announcement Suggestion Solicitation Letters NERCESSIAN, Y. T. Selected Armenian Numismatic Bibliography of Ancient and Medieval Periods, 1981-2000 3 NERCESSIAN, Y. T. Comments Concerning the “Additions and Corrections to Armenian Coins and Their Values” 21 Armenian Numismatic Literature 24 GURZADYAN, V. G. and VARDANYAN, R. Halley’s Comet of 87 B.C. on the Coins of Armenian King Tigranes 25 Armenian Numismatic Literature 26 Request for Informationt on Tigranes Coins 27 Hetoum II Billon Project 27 An Explanation 27 A Suggestion 27 Letters O HARA, Michael Dennis. An Enigmatic Roupenian Armenian Renaissance ‘Style’ Portrait of the Late Twelfth Century 29 BEDOUKIAN, PAUL Z. Civic Coins of Artaxata 47 ^. ( / 47 Armenian Numismatic Literature^ 49 Letters “Metrological Analysis of Levon I Double Ttrams” 53 Donations, Silver Coinage of the Artaxiad Dynasty ofArmenia, Publication Fund 54 SARYAN, L. A. An Unusual Example of Armenia’s 50,000 Dram Commemorative Bank Note of 2001 55 Armenian Numismatic Literature 60 SAHAKYAN, B. and SARYAN, L. A. Emergency Money from the 1988 Armenian Earthquake 61 1,)1* P. 1988—^ 02 CHRISTIANIAN,-Jirair. Copper of A Coin Tigranes II with Unpublished Countermark and Rare Monogram 65 Armenian Numismatic Literature 68 NERCESSIAN, Y. T. Tigranes II (]rold Coins Discovered in Europe 69 ?. \0|* (^^^ - 71 Announcement 73 Letters 73 Donations 74 Letters VRTANESYAN, L. A Small Hoard of Armenian and Mamluk Coins Found in Pakistan.... 75 '., . (GARABEDIAN,-Margo-Lena E., Coins of King Kiurke) 81 Armenian Numismatic Literature 100 Letters 103 Obituary 103 Index 104 Series II Volume 1 (31), No. -
Augustan Poets on the Roman-Parthian Treaty of 20 Bc
Classica Cracoviensia vol. XX (2017), pp. 5-44 https://doi.org/10.12797/CC.20.2017.20.01 TOMASZ BABNIS JAGIELLONIAN UNIVERSITY, KRAKÓW AUGUSTAN POETS ON THE ROMAN-PARTHIAN TREATY OF 20 BC ABSTRACT: From the moment Rome established contacts with the Parthian empire in the 1st century BC, its relations with the eastern neighbour became one of the most important points of Roman foreign policy. Attempts to subjugate Parthia ended in Rome’s crushing defeat at Carrhae in 53 BC. Having taken over power in the Roman Republic, Octavian Augustus became much more active in his oriental policy, wishing to erase the shame brought upon Rome by the defeat. The peace treaty signed in 20 BC was the Emperor’s diplomatic success and was presented as a great triumph by the Roman propaganda. In this paper, I analyse several frag- ments referring to this agreement in the works of the Augustan poets Horace, Propertius and Ovid. The works, written over almost three decades, present this event from various perspectives. On the one hand, they show a strong intermixture of politics and literature, and on the other hand, great talent and artistic skill of the poets writing creatively about issues which were current in Rome at the time. KEY WORDS: Augustan age, Augustan poetry, Romano-Parthian relations, Roman- Parthian treaty of 20 BC, Iran in Latin poetry 1. INTRODUCTION Towards the end of his life, when Emperor Augustus was writing his political biography, commonly known as the Res Gestae Divi Augusti or – in reference to the location, where its first copy was found – the 6 TOoASs oAoNIS Monumentum Ancyranum, alongside the numerous achievements of the long decades of his rule over the Imperium Romanum, he included a mention of the Roman-Parthian treaty of 20:1 Parthos trium exercitum Romanorum spolia et signa reddere mihi suppli- cesque amicitiam populi Romani petere coegi. -
Coin of Armenia Minted in 2013
View of Mount Ararat with the Armenian monastery, Khor Virap, in the foreground. (Wikimedia Commons. Photo by Diego Delso) N ancient times Armenia was the region curred in about 6000 BC when the waters Iaround Mt Ararat, which is a snow- of the Mediterranean Sea burst through covered mountain currently in Turkey a barrier joining Europe and Asia at the near its north-eastern border. Beyond the Bosporus and poured into the area now border is the modern Republic of Arme - covered by the Black Sea. nia. ( Figure 1 – map ) Its capital is Yere - For Christians Armenia is also signif - van. ( Figure 2 ) icant because it was the first country to For Christians, Jews and others the officially become Christian. The king of region is significant because in Genesis, Armenia, Tiridates III (287-330 AD), con- which is the first book in the Bible, Noah’s verted to Christianity in about 301 and ark “came to rest on the mountains of in about 314 Christianity was adopted Ararat.” (Genesis 8:4) A great flood cov - as the state religion. This might come ered the earth but Noah survived by as a surprise to some readers who know building a huge wooden boat. ( Figure 3 ) that Constantine the Great was the first A flood is recorded on clay tablets found ruler of the Roman Empire to become a in Mesopotamia. They are dated to the Christian, but until the Battle of the period 2000 to 1500 BC, and modern Milvian Bridge in 312 he had worshiped Figure 1 – Map of modern Armenia scholars think that there really had been the sun-god, Sol Invictus. -
Area Studies
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 091 303 SO 007 520 AUTHOR Stone, Frank A. TITLE Armenian Studies for Secondary Students, A Curriculum Guide. INSTITUTION Connecticut Univ., Storrs. World Education Project. PUB DATE 74 NOTE 55p. EDRS PRICE MF-$0.75 HC-$3 15 PLUS POSTAGE DESCRIPTORS Annotated Bibographies; *Area Studies; Cultural Pluralism; *Culture; *Ethnic Studies; Evaluation; *Humanities; Immigrants; Instructional Materials; Interdisciplinary Approach; *Middle Eastern Studies; Minority Groups; Questioning Techniques; Resource Materials; Secondary Education; Teaching Methods IDENTIFIERS Armenians; *World Education Project ABSTRACT The guide outlines a two to six week course of study on Armenian history and culture for secondary level students. The unit will help students develop an understanding of the following: culture of the American citizens of Armenian origin; key events and major trends in Armenian history; Armenian architecture, folklore, literature and music as vehicles of culture; and characteristics of Armenian educational, political and religious institutions. Teaching strategies suggested include the use of print and non-print materials, questioning techniques, classroom discussion, art activities, field traps, and classroom visits by Armenian-Americans. The guide consists c)i the following seven units:(1) The Armenians in North America; (2) sk.,,tches of Armenian History;(3) Armenian Mythology; (4) lic)ices of Fiction and Poetry;(5) Armenian Christianity; (e) Armenian Fine Arts; and (7)Armenian Political Aims. InstrLF-ional and resource materials, background sources, teaching s...7atc,c !s, and questions to stimulate classroom discussion are prove.': :'fc,r each unit. (Author/RM) U S DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. EDUCATION & WELFARE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRO DUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGIN ATING IT POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS STATED DO NO1 NECESSARILY REPRE SENT OFF ICIAL NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION POSITION OR POLICY ARMENIAN STUDIES FOR SECONDARY STUDENTS P% A Curriculum Guide Prepared by Frank A.