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Royal Air Force Historical Society Journal 29
ROYAL AIR FORCE HISTORICAL SOCIETY JOURNAL 29 2 The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the contributors concerned and are not necessarily those held by the Royal Air Force Historical Society. Copyright 2003: Royal Air Force Historical Society First published in the UK in 2003 by the Royal Air Force Historical Society All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission from the Publisher in writing. ISSN 1361-4231 Typeset by Creative Associates 115 Magdalen Road Oxford OX4 1RS Printed by Advance Book Printing Unit 9 Northmoor Park Church Road Northmoor OX29 5UH 3 CONTENTS BATTLE OF BRITAIN DAY. Address by Dr Alfred Price at the 5 AGM held on 12th June 2002 WHAT WAS THE IMPACT OF THE LUFTWAFFE’S ‘TIP 24 AND RUN’ BOMBING ATTACKS, MARCH 1942-JUNE 1943? A winning British Two Air Forces Award paper by Sqn Ldr Chris Goss SUMMARY OF THE MINUTES OF THE SIXTEENTH 52 ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING HELD IN THE ROYAL AIR FORCE CLUB ON 12th JUNE 2002 ON THE GROUND BUT ON THE AIR by Charles Mitchell 55 ST-OMER APPEAL UPDATE by Air Cdre Peter Dye 59 LIFE IN THE SHADOWS by Sqn Ldr Stanley Booker 62 THE MUNICIPAL LIAISON SCHEME by Wg Cdr C G Jefford 76 BOOK REVIEWS. 80 4 ROYAL AIR FORCE HISTORICAL SOCIETY President Marshal of the Royal Air Force Sir Michael Beetham GCB CBE DFC AFC Vice-President Air Marshal Sir Frederick Sowrey KCB CBE AFC Committee Chairman Air Vice-Marshal -
THE RADAR WAR Forward
THE RADAR WAR by Gerhard Hepcke Translated into English by Hannah Liebmann Forward The backbone of any military operation is the Army. However for an international war, a Navy is essential for the security of the sea and for the resupply of land operations. Both services can only be successful if the Air Force has control over the skies in the areas in which they operate. In the WWI the Air Force had a minor role. Telecommunications was developed during this time and in a few cases it played a decisive role. In WWII radar was able to find and locate the enemy and navigation systems existed that allowed aircraft to operate over friendly and enemy territory without visual aids over long range. This development took place at a breath taking speed from the Ultra High Frequency, UHF to the centimeter wave length. The decisive advantage and superiority for the Air Force or the Navy depended on who had the better radar and UHF technology. 0.0 Aviation Radio and Radar Technology Before World War II From the very beginning radar technology was of great importance for aviation. In spite of this fact, the radar equipment of airplanes before World War II was rather modest compared with the progress achieved during the war. 1.0 Long-Wave to Short-Wave Radiotelegraphy In the beginning, when communication took place only via telegraphy, long- and short-wave transmitting and receiving radios were used. 2.0 VHF Radiotelephony Later VHF radios were added, which made communication without trained radio operators possible. 3.0 On-Board Direction Finding A loop antenna served as a navigational aid for airplanes. -
The Auction Will Take Place at 9 A.M. (+8 G.M.T.) Sunday 18Th October 2020 at 2/135 Russell St, Morley, Western Australia
The Auction will take place at 9 a.m. (+8 G.M.T.) Sunday 18th October 2020 at 2/135 Russell St, Morley, Western Australia. Viewing of lots will take place on Saturday 17th October 9am to 4pm & Sunday 18th October 7:00am to 8:45am, with the auction taking place at 9am and finishing around 5:00pm. Photos of each lot can be viewed via our ‘Auction’ tab of our website www.jbmilitaryantiques.com.au Onsite registration can take place before & during the auction. Bids will only be accepted from registered bidders. All telephone and absentee bids need to be received 3 days prior to the auction. Online registration is via www.invaluable.com. All prices are listed in Australian Dollars. The buyer’s premium onsite, telephone & absentee bidding is 18%, with internet bidding at 23%. All lots are guaranteed authentic and come with a 90-day inspection/return period. All lots are deemed ‘inspected’ for any faults or defects based on the full description and photographs provided both electronically and via the pre-sale viewing, with lots sold without warranty in this regard. We are proud to announce the full catalogue, with photographs now available for viewing and pre-auction bidding on invaluable.com (can be viewed through our website auction section), as well as offering traditional floor, absentee & phone bidding. Bidders agree to all the ‘Conditions of Sale’ contained at the back of this catalogue when registering to bid. Post Auction Items can be collected during the auction from the registration desk, with full payment and collection within 7 days of the end of the auction. -
Royal Navy Warrant Officer Ranks
Royal Navy Warrant Officer Ranks anisodactylousStewart coils unconcernedly. Rodolfo impersonalizing Cletus subducts contemptibly unbelievably. and defining Lee is atypically.empurpled and assumes transcriptively as Some records database is the database of the full command secretariat, royal warrant officer Then promoted for sailing, royal navy artificer. Navy Officer Ranks Warrant Officer CWO2 CWO3 CWO4 CWO5 These positions involve an application of technical and leadership skills versus primarily. When necessary for royal rank of ranks, conduct of whom were ranked as equivalents to prevent concealment by seniority those of. To warrant officers themselves in navy officer qualified senior commanders. The rank in front of warrants to gain experience and! The recorded and transcribed interviews help plan create a fuller understanding of so past. Royal navy ranks based establishment or royal marines. Marshals of the Royal Air and remain defend the active list for life, example so continue to use her rank. He replace the one area actually subvert the commands to the Marines. How brave I wonder the records covered in its guide? Four stars on each shoulder boards in a small arms and royals forming an! Courts martial records range from detailed records of proceedings to slaughter the briefest details. RNAS ratings had service numbers with an F prefix. RFA and MFA vessels had civilian crews, so some information on tracing these individuals can understand found off our aim guide outline the Mercantile Marine which the today World War. Each rank officers ranks ordered aloft on royal warrant officer ranks structure of! Please feel free to distinguish them to see that have masters pay. -
North Hill in World War II Minehead, Somerset SCHOOLS RESOURCE PACK for Key Stages 2 & 3
BACKGROUND READING AND TEACHER SUPPORT & PREPARATION North Hill in World War II Minehead, Somerset SCHOOLS RESOURCE PACK for Key Stages 2 & 3 SECTION 1 – NORTH HILL BEFORE AND DURING WORLD WAR 2 P1 -3 SECTION 2 – TANKS IN WORLD WAR 2 P4-5 SECTION 3 – TANK TRAINING IN WORLD WAR 2 P6-9 SECTION 4 – RADAR IN WORLD WAR 2, NORTH HILL RADAR STATION P10-13 SOURCES, VISUALS AND LINKS – TANK BACKGROUND READING AND TASKS P14-15 TEACHER SUPPORT AND PREPARATION P16 -20 _______________________________________________________________________________________________ BACKGROUND READING SECTION 1 – NORTH HILL BEFORE AND DURING WORLD WAR 2 WORLD WAR 2, 1939 -45 On September 1st 1939 Nazi Germany invaded Poland, two days later the British Prime Minister, Neville Chamberlain, declared war on Germany. Britain joined with France and Poland, followed by the countries of the British Empire and Commonwealth. This group came to be known as ‘the Allies’. In 1941 they were joined by America and Canada, whose armies came to Minehead to train. Britain was badly-equipped for war and there was an urgent need for military training. Existing facilities were outdated and land for tank training was in short supply. North Hill became one of five major new tank training grounds in the country. NORTH HILL AS A MILITARY SITE During the Iron Age (700 BC – 43 AD), and the reigns of Henry VIII and Elizabeth I North Hill was considered an important military site. A beacon was set up above Selworthy in 1555, and in the late 1800s a large military training camp was established. The area continued as a training ground right up to the First World War. -
Taking Into Consideration All Other Factors, Evaluate the Extent to Which Bletchley Park Contributed to Victory in Europe, 1939-45
Taking into consideration all other factors, evaluate the extent to which Bletchley Park contributed to victory in Europe, 1939-45. (2,199 words) “ULTRA was essential to victory in the battle of the Atlantic, the war in Africa and the landings in Sicily and Normandy.”1 “ULTRA, in my humble opinion, has been exaggerated in importance.”2 “… [ULTRA] shortened the war by not less than two years and probably by four years.”3 Debate over the importance of the decryption of high-level Axis signals traffic, particularly the Enigma and Fish cyphers, at Bletchley Park (codenamed ULTRA) - began as soon as the secret was revealed in 1974 and continues today. The Battle of Britain, the North African campaign and the Battle of the Atlantic have all been particularly credited as depending on ULTRA4. The air campaign in the summer of 1940 is the easiest to address: ULTRA provided useful confirmation of the German order of battle, but little more5. Indeed, Dowding was not even cleared for ULTRA until after the battle6: the key intelligence asset for the Battle of Britain was the listening posts of the “Y Service” monitoring the working chatter of the Luftwaffe’s frontline7. 1 Deutsch H, “The Influence of Ultra on World War II”, Parameters, December 1978 2 Frankland N, “Some Thoughts About and Experience Of Official Military History”, The Journal Of The Royal Air Force Historical Society No. 17 3 Hinsley H, “The Influence of ULTRA in the Second World War”, Security Group Seminar, 19 Oct 1993 4 Deutsch. 5 Bungay S, “The Most Dangerous Enemy”, 2000 Aurum 6 Lewin R, “Ultra Goes to War”, 1978 Grafton 7 Jones R V, “Most Secret War”, 1978 Hamish Hamilton Even before the revelation of ULTRA, historians such as Roskill8 and Taylor9 credited attacks on Axis shipping – particularly those based from Malta – as decisive in containing, then defeating, the Deutsche Afrika Korps (DAK), citing Rommel’s warning in May 1941 that “without Malta the Axis will end by losing control of North Africa”. -
German WW2 ECM (Electronic Countermeasures)
- • - • - - • - - • • • • • • - • - - • • • - • • • • • - • German WW2 ECM (Electronic Countermeasures) Adam Farson VA7OJ 17 October 2013 NSARC – German WW2 ECM 1 Glossary of terms - • - • - - • - - • • • • • • - • - - • • • - • • • • • - • Common acronyms: SIGINT: SIGnals INTelligence COMINT: COMmunications INTelligence (communications between people or entities) ELINT: ELectronics INTelligence (electronic signals not directly used in communications e.g. radar, radio-navigation) ECM: Electronic CounterMeasures ECCM: Electronic Counter-CounterMeasures EW: Electronic Warfare (encompasses all the above) System designators: AI: Airborne Interception radar ASV: Air to Surface Vessel radar CD: Coastal Defence radar CH: Chain Home radar (CHL = Chain Home Low) D/F: Direction Finding Huff-Duff: High Frequency D/F H2S: British 3 GHz radar with PPI (plan-position indicator) display (possible abbreviation for “Home Sweet Home”) H2X: US 10 GHz variant of H2S 17 October 2013 NSARC – German WW2 ECM 2 Scope of presentation - • - • - - • - - • • • • • • - • - - • • • - • • • • • - • Detection, interception & analysis Communications vs. radar monitoring Direction-finding Examples of COMINT, ELINT, SIGINT sites Radar detection VHF/UHF & microwave radar detectors & threat receivers Land, shipboard & airborne systems Notes on German microwave technology Jamming & spoofing: Radio communications: HF, VHF Navaids: GEE, OBOE Radar: VHF/UHF, 3 GHz, 10 GHz Equipment examples A case history: Operation Channel Dash (Cerberus) 17 October -
Part 4: Conclusions and Recommendations & Appendices
Twentieth Century Naval Dockyards Devonport and Portsmouth: Characterisation Report PART FOUR CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS The final focus of this report is to develop the local, national and international contexts of the two dockyards to highlight specific areas of future research. Future discussion of Devonport and Portsmouth as distinct designed landscapes would coherently organise the many strands identified in this report. The Museum of London Archaeology Portsmouth Harbour Hinterland Project carried out for Heritage England (2015) is a promising step in this direction. It is emphasised that this study is just a start. By delivering the aim and objectives, it has indicated areas of further fruitful research. Project aim: to characterise the development of the active naval dockyards at Devonport and Portsmouth, and the facilities within the dockyard boundaries at their maximum extent during the twentieth century, through library, archival and field surveys, presented and analysed in a published report, with a database of documentary and building reports. This has been delivered through Parts 1-4 and Appendices 2-4. Project objectives 1 To provide an overview of the twentieth century development of English naval dockyards, related to historical precedent, national foreign policy and naval strategy. 2 To address the main chronological development phases to accommodate new types of vessels and technologies of the naval dockyards at Devonport and Portsmouth. 3 To identify the major twentieth century naval technological revolutions which affected British naval dockyards. 4 To relate the main chronological phases to topographic development of the yards and changing technological and strategic needs, and identify other significant factors. 5 To distinguish which buildings are typical of the twentieth century naval dockyards and/or of unique interest. -
Naval Dockyards Society
20TH CENTURY NAVAL DOCKYARDS: DEVONPORT AND PORTSMOUTH CHARACTERISATION REPORT Naval Dockyards Society Devonport Dockyard Portsmouth Dockyard Title page picture acknowledgements Top left: Devonport HM Dockyard 1951 (TNA, WORK 69/19), courtesy The National Archives. Top right: J270/09/64. Photograph of Outmuster at Portsmouth Unicorn Gate (23 Oct 1964). Reproduced by permission of Historic England. Bottom left: Devonport NAAFI (TNA, CM 20/80 September 1979), courtesy The National Archives. Bottom right: Portsmouth Round Tower (1843–48, 1868, 3/262) from the north, with the adjoining rich red brick Offices (1979, 3/261). A. Coats 2013. Reproduced with the permission of the MoD. Commissioned by The Historic Buildings and Monuments Commission for England of 1 Waterhouse Square, 138-142 Holborn, London, EC1N 2ST, ‘English Heritage’, known after 1 April 2015 as Historic England. Part of the NATIONAL HERITAGE PROTECTION COMMISSIONS PROGRAMME PROJECT NAME: 20th Century Naval Dockyards Devonport and Portsmouth (4A3.203) Project Number 6265 dated 7 December 2012 Fund Name: ARCH Contractor: 9865 Naval Dockyards Society, 44 Lindley Avenue, Southsea, PO4 9NU Jonathan Coad Project adviser Dr Ann Coats Editor, project manager and Portsmouth researcher Dr David Davies Editor and reviewer, project executive and Portsmouth researcher Dr David Evans Devonport researcher David Jenkins Project finance officer Professor Ray Riley Portsmouth researcher Sponsored by the National Museum of the Royal Navy Published by The Naval Dockyards Society 44 Lindley Avenue, Portsmouth, Hampshire, PO4 9NU, England navaldockyards.org First published 2015 Copyright © The Naval Dockyards Society 2015 The Contractor grants to English Heritage a non-exclusive, transferable, sub-licensable, perpetual, irrevocable and royalty-free licence to use, copy, reproduce, adapt, modify, enhance, create derivative works and/or commercially exploit the Materials for any purpose required by Historic England. -
The Origination and Evolution of Radio Traffic Analysis: the World War I Era
UNCLASSI Fl ED The Origination and Evolution of Radio Traffic Analysis: The World War I Era (b )(3)-P. L. 86-36 Not unlike the telegraph and ita influence on the American Civil War, the invention of radio had a profound affect on World War I military operations and in all conflicts since 1901. Signals intelligence, a new form. of intelligence produced from. the intercept of radio traffic, developed on a parallel course with radio during the early years of the twentieth century. Although signals intelligence was identified as a method to produce useful and critical information during war, it did not mature as a significant tool until after the ,.War to End All Wars." Radio traffic analysis, a branch of signals intelligence, was not even recognized as a separate technique until long after the First World War ended. Nevertheless, traffic analysis, or TIA, existed as a function in that era and made significant contributions to military operations and to the development ofsignals intelligence. For the American signals intelligence service, radio traffic analysis originated as a technique in the codebreaking section and with the clerks in the goniometric or Direction Finding (DF) service of the American Expeditionary Force. The early cryptanalysts developed TIA techniques to identify the originator and receiver of radio messages and to determine the more important encoded or enciphered messages to attack. TIA also evolved in the DF service with the clerks who discovered ways to produce intelligence from analysis of the externals of messages and from the location ofthe radio transmitters. The increasingly more complex communications systems which defied cryptanalytic attack provided the impetus for these developments. -
The First Americans the 1941 US Codebreaking Mission to Bletchley Park
United States Cryptologic History The First Americans The 1941 US Codebreaking Mission to Bletchley Park Special series | Volume 12 | 2016 Center for Cryptologic History David J. Sherman is Associate Director for Policy and Records at the National Security Agency. A graduate of Duke University, he holds a doctorate in Slavic Studies from Cornell University, where he taught for three years. He also is a graduate of the CAPSTONE General/Flag Officer Course at the National Defense University, the Intelligence Community Senior Leadership Program, and the Alexander S. Pushkin Institute of the Russian Language in Moscow. He has served as Associate Dean for Academic Programs at the National War College and while there taught courses on strategy, inter- national relations, and intelligence. Among his other government assignments include ones as NSA’s representative to the Office of the Secretary of Defense, as Director for Intelligence Programs at the National Security Council, and on the staff of the National Economic Council. This publication presents a historical perspective for informational and educational purposes, is the result of independent research, and does not necessarily reflect a position of NSA/CSS or any other US government entity. This publication is distributed free by the National Security Agency. If you would like additional copies, please email [email protected] or write to: Center for Cryptologic History National Security Agency 9800 Savage Road, Suite 6886 Fort George G. Meade, MD 20755 Cover: (Top) Navy Department building, with Washington Monument in center distance, 1918 or 1919; (bottom) Bletchley Park mansion, headquarters of UK codebreaking, 1939 UNITED STATES CRYPTOLOGIC HISTORY The First Americans The 1941 US Codebreaking Mission to Bletchley Park David Sherman National Security Agency Center for Cryptologic History 2016 Second Printing Contents Foreword ................................................................................ -
Shoreham's Radar Station-Bookv2
The Story of RAF Truleigh Hill by Roy Taylor Copyright Aug. 2020 Page 1 of 107 Contents Introduction……………………………………………. 1 1. Radar Development………………………………... 3 2. Wartime…………………………………………….. 4 3. Poling………………………………………………. 20 4. GEE Navigational Aid……………………..............26 5. ROTOR Period – Technical Site………………….33 6. Stoney Lane Domestic Site……………………….. 43 7. Sport………………………………………………. .52 8. Commanding Officers…………………….…….. 57 9. Finding the Veterans…………………………….. .61 10. Local Involvement………………………………. 74 11. Later Developments……………………………... 77 Appendix 1 - Roll Call………………………… …… 81 Gallery…………………………............ 86 Appendix 2 – Other Sussex RAF Radar Stations….. 93 Appendix 3 – Further Reading……………………… 94 Appendix 4 – Technical Notes (CHEL) 95 Acknowledgements………………………………… 98 The Story of RAF Truleigh Hill by Roy Taylor Copyright Aug. 2020 Page 2 of 107 Shoreham’s Radar Station The Story of RAF Truleigh Hill Introduction The Story of RAF Truleigh Hill by Roy Taylor Copyright Aug. 2020 Page 3 of 107 It is over fifty years since I first set foot in Shoreham, as a 19-year-old radar operator at RAF Truleigh Hill. I served the final 15months of my compulsory period of National Service at this, the last of my six postings. On demob, I stayed in the area and have been here ever since. I have kept in contact with four of my former colleagues. Photos and memories come out for an airing every so often, but it is only in the last few years, however, that I have started to think seriously about the history of RAF Truleigh Hill. The radar operation started in 1940, just before The Battle of Britain, and continued in several different formats until closure in 1958.