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Guide to the Doolittle Tokyo Raider Association Papers (1947
Guide to the Doolittle Tokyo Raider Association Papers (1947 - ) 26 linear feet Accession Number: 54-06 Collection Number: H54-06 Collection Dates: 1931 - Bulk Dates: 1942 - 2005 Prepared by Thomas J. Allen CITATION: The Doolittle Tokyo Raiders Association Papers, Box number, Folder number, History of Aviation Collection, Special Collections Department, McDermott Library, The University of Texas at Dallas. Special Collections Department McDermott Library, The University of Texas at Dallas Contents Historical Sketch ................................................................................................................. 3 Sources ................................................................................................................................ 3 Additional Sources .............................................................................................................. 3 Series Description ............................................................................................................... 4 Scope and Content Note...................................................................................................... 5 Collection Note ................................................................................................................... 8 Provenance Statement ......................................................................................................... 8 Literary Rights Statement ................................................................................................... 8 2 -
Japan's Pacific Campaign
2 Japan’s Pacific Campaign MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW TERMS & NAMES EMPIRE BUILDING Japan World War II established the • Isoroku •Douglas attacked Pearl Harbor in Hawaii United States as a leading player Yamamoto MacArthur and brought the United States in international affairs. •Pearl Harbor • Battle of into World War II. • Battle of Guadalcanal Midway SETTING THE STAGE Like Hitler, Japan’s military leaders also had dreams of empire. Japan’s expansion had begun in 1931. That year, Japanese troops took over Manchuria in northeastern China. Six years later, Japanese armies swept into the heartland of China. They expected quick victory. Chinese resistance, however, caused the war to drag on. This placed a strain on Japan’s economy. To increase their resources, Japanese leaders looked toward the rich European colonies of Southeast Asia. Surprise Attack on Pearl Harbor TAKING NOTES Recognizing Effects By October 1940, Americans had cracked one of the codes that the Japanese Use a chart to identify used in sending secret messages. Therefore, they were well aware of Japanese the effects of four major plans for Southeast Asia. If Japan conquered European colonies there, it could events of the war in the also threaten the American-controlled Philippine Islands and Guam. To stop the Pacific between 1941 and 1943. Japanese advance, the U.S. government sent aid to strengthen Chinese resistance. And when the Japanese overran French Indochina—Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos—in July 1941, Roosevelt cut off oil shipments to Japan. Event Effect Despite an oil shortage, the Japanese continued their conquests. They hoped to catch the European colonial powers and the United States by surprise. -
Additional Historic Information the Doolittle Raid (Hornet CV-8) Compiled and Written by Museum Historian Bob Fish
USS Hornet Sea, Air & Space Museum Additional Historic Information The Doolittle Raid (Hornet CV-8) Compiled and Written by Museum Historian Bob Fish AMERICA STRIKES BACK The Doolittle Raid of April 18, 1942 was the first U.S. air raid to strike the Japanese home islands during WWII. The mission is notable in that it was the only operation in which U.S. Army Air Forces bombers were launched from an aircraft carrier into combat. The raid demonstrated how vulnerable the Japanese home islands were to air attack just four months after their surprise attack on Pearl Harbor. While the damage inflicted was slight, the raid significantly boosted American morale while setting in motion a chain of Japanese military events that were disastrous for their long-term war effort. Planning & Preparation Immediately after the Pearl Harbor attack, President Roosevelt tasked senior U.S. military commanders with finding a suitable response to assuage the public outrage. Unfortunately, it turned out to be a difficult assignment. The Army Air Forces had no bases in Asia close enough to allow their bombers to attack Japan. At the same time, the Navy had no airplanes with the range and munitions capacity to do meaningful damage without risking the few ships left in the Pacific Fleet. In early January of 1942, Captain Francis Low1, a submariner on CNO Admiral Ernest King’s staff, visited Norfolk, VA to review the Navy’s newest aircraft carrier, USS Hornet CV-8. During this visit, he realized that Army medium-range bombers might be successfully launched from an aircraft carrier. -
Cincinnati's Doolittle Raider at War
Queen City Heritage Thomas C. Griffin, a resident of Cincinnati for over forty years, participated in the first bombing raid on Japan in World War II, the now leg- endary Doolittle raid. (CHS Photograph Collection) Winter 1992 Navigating from Shangri-La Navigating from Shangri- La: Cincinnati's Doolittle Raider at War Kevin C. McHugh served as Cincinnati's oral historian for "one of America's biggest gambles"5 of World War II, the now legendary Doolittle Raid on Japan. A soft-spoken man, Mr. Griffin Over a half century ago on April 18, 1942, characteristically downplays his part in the first bombing the Cincinnati Enquirer reported: "Washington, April 18 raid on Japan: "[It] just caught the fancy of the American — (AP) — The War and Navy Departments had no confir- people. A lot of people had a lot worse assignments."6 mation immediately on the Japanese announcement of the Nevertheless, he has shared his wartime experiences with bombing of Tokyo."1 Questions had been raised when Cincinnati and the country, both in speaking engagements Tokyo radio, monitored by UPI in San Francisco, had sud- and in print. In 1962 to celebrate the twentieth anniversary denly gone off the air and then had interrupted program- of the historic mission, the Cincinnati Enquirer highlight- ming for a news "flash": ed Mr. Griffin's recollections in an article that began, Enemy bombers appeared over Tokyo for the "Bomber Strike from Carrier Recalled."7 For the fiftieth first time since the outbreak of the current war of Greater anniversary in 1992, the Cincinnati Post shared his adven- East Asia. -
Tokyo Bay the AAF in the Asiatic-Pacific Theater
The U.S. Army Air Forces in World War II The High Road to Tokyo Bay The AAF in the Asiatic-Pacific Theater Daniel Haulman Air Force Historical Research Agency DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A Approved for Public Release Distribution Unlimited "'Aý-Iiefor Air Force History 1993 20050429 028 The High Road to Tokyo Bay In early 1942, Japanese military forces dominated a significant portion of the earth's surface, stretching from the Indian Ocean to the Bering Sea and from Manchuria to the Coral Sea. Just three years later, Japan surrendered, having lost most of its vast domain. Coordinated action by Allied air, naval, and ground forces attained the victory. Air power, both land- and carrier-based, played a dominant role. Understanding the Army Air Forces' role in the Asiatic-Pacific theater requires examining the con- text of Allied strategy, American air and naval operations, and ground campaigns. Without the surface conquests by soldiers and sailors, AAF fliers would have lacked bases close enough to enemy targets for effective raids. Yet, without Allied air power, these surface victories would have been impossible. The High Road to Tokyo Bay concentrates on the Army Air Forces' tactical operations in Asia and the Pacific areas during World War II. A subsequent pamphlet will cover the strategic bombardment of Japan. REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 The public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. -
The Eagle's Webbed Feet
The Eagle’s Webbed Feet The Eagle’s Webbed Feet •A Maritime History of the United States A Maritime History of the United States A Maritime History of the Uniteds The Second World War “Scratch one flattop!” “Damn it Captain, they’re getting away!” Pearl Harbor • China is the real bone of contention between the US and Japan • May 1941, Roosevelt orders the fleet to remain in Pearl Harbor • July 1941 – Oil imports to Japan halted • Japanese decision to go southeast for resources • The Soviet-Japanese Border Wars (1932-1939) o Battles of Khalkhin Gol (Nomonhan) (May-Sept 1939) o Neutrality Pact (April 1941) • The Philippines is the real target of the Pearl Harbor attack • Mahan’s influence on the IJN. “If you attack us, we will break your empire; before we are through with you …. we will crush you.” Admiral Stark (CNO) to Ambassador Nomura (Nov 1941) • What were the Japanese thinking? (Compromise Peace) Pearl Harbor (2) • Destroyed or severely damaged 8 battleships, 10 cruisers/destroyers, 230 aircraft, & killed 2400 men. Cost was 29 planes, 5 midget subs. • A “short war” meant they could ignore fuel depots, repair facilities and the submarine base. • Their air superiority meant they could ignore the US carriers • War declared on Japan the next day • On December 11th Germany declared war on the US (???) • One of the two stupidest decisions of World War Two USS Arizona USS Shaw War in the Atlantic • The US Navy’s role in the Atlantic War was: • The U-Boat War (Priority #1) • Safely convoying troops, equipment, and supplies • Destroy the U-Boat fleet • Conduct amphibious operations of Army forces • Because of Pearl Harbor, the Navy reluctantly supported the “Germany First” policy envisioned in Rainbow Five but it did not really believe in it. -
Picturing the War in the Pacific a Visual Time Line
LESSON PLAN: Picturing the War in the Pacific A Visual Time Line (National Archives and Records Administration, WC 1221.) INTRODUCTION By analyzing photographs and building a time line, students will be able to identify, discuss, and analyze the major events of World War II in the Pacific. First, students must match iconic images from the war in the Pacific with their captions. Then, they will place each image and caption in the correct chronological order to build a comprehensive time line of the war in the Pacific from the Japanese invasion of Manchuria to their surrender aboard the USS Missouri. Students will view the raising of the American flag on Mount Suribachi, look for a kamikaze attack on a US aircraft carrier, and identify the first Navajo code talkers sworn into the US Marine Corps. OBJECTIVES • By analyzing photographs and building a time line, students will be able to identify, discuss, and analyze the major events of World War II in the Pacific. • Students will also be able to identify the temporal structure of a historical narrative. GRADE LEVEL 7–12 TIME REQUIREMENT 1 class period MATERIALS • This lesson plan uses photographs and date and caption strips that are included as inserts with the printed guide and online at ww2classroom.org. • You may also need string and clothespins for this lesson. ONLINE RESOURCES ww2classroom.org The photographs, datelines, and captions used in this lesson are available online. LESSON PLAN PICTURING THE WAR IN THE PACIFIC The War in the Pacific 93 TEACHER STANDARDS COMMON CORE STANDARDS CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.SL.9-10.4 Present information, findings, and supporting evidence clearly, concisely, and logically such that listeners can follow the line of reasoning and the organization, development, substance, and style are appropriate to purpose, audience, and task. -
Jimmy Doolittle E Commander Behind the Legend
THE 17 DREW PER PA S Jimmy Doolittle e Commander behind the Legend Benjamin W. Bishop Lieutenant Colonel, USAF Air University Steven L. Kwast, Lieutenant General, Commander and President School of Advanced Air and Space Studies Thomas D. McCarthy, Colonel, Commandant and Dean AIR UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF ADVANCED AIR AND SPACE STUDIES Jimmy Doolittle The Commander behind the Legend Benjamin W. Bishop Lieutenant Colonel, USAF Drew Paper No. 17 Air University Press Air Force Research Institute Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama Project Editor Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Jerry Gantt Bishop, Benjamin W., 1975– Copy Editor Jimmy Doolittle, the commander behind the legend / Tammi K. Dacus Benjamin W. Bishop, Lieutenant Colonel, USAF. pages cm. — (Drew paper, ISSN 1941-3785 ; no. 17) Cover Art, Book Design, and Illustrations Includes bibliographical references. Daniel Armstrong ISBN 978-1-58566-245-6 Composition and Prepress Production 1. Doolittle, James Harold, 1896-1993—Military leadership. Michele D. Harrell 2. Generals—United States—Biography. 3. Command of Print Preparation and Distribution troops—Case studies. 4. United States. Army Air Forces. Air Diane Clark Force, 8th. 5. World War, 1939-1945—Aerial operations, Amer- ican. I. Title. UG626.2.D66B57 2014 940.54’4973092—dc23 2014035210 AIR FORCE RESEARCH INSTITUTE AIR UNIVERSITY PRESS Published by Air University Press in February 2015 ISBN: 978-1-58566-245-6 Director and Publisher ISSN: 1941-3785 Allen G. Peck Editor in Chief Oreste M. Johnson Managing Editor Demorah Hayes -
Doolittle Scenario 1
Enemy Coast Ahead The Doolittle Raid special aviation project no. 1 Jeremy White scenario book table of contents Introduction 1 Scenario 7: The Army Launches for Tokyo 19 Historical Scenarios (1-9) 3 Scenario 8: The Planned Launch 25 Scenario 1: Attack of the First Flight 5 Scenario 9: The Doolittle Raid 29 Scenario 1v: Attack of the First Flight (night) 7 Scenario 10: Special Aviation Project #1 33 Scenario 2: Attack of the Second Flight 9 Multi-Player Games 37 Scenario 3: Attack of the Third Flight 11 Credits 37 Scenario 4: Attack of the Fourth Flight 13 Squadron Roster 38 Scenario 5: Attack of the Fifth Flight 15 Squadron Log 39 Scenario 6: TNT Attacks 17 GMT Games, LLC P.O. Box 1308, Hanford, CA 93232-1308 www.GMTGames.com 1 Introduction There are ten scenarios. The rst nine are “historical scenarios,” meaning they are studies of the Doolittle Raid in game format, beginning with small tactical fragments and culminating with the entire mission. Scenarios 1-6 are presented chronologically to study the tactical action over the targets, incorporating only the rules of Part 1 [rule sections 1.0-4.0]. Using only an 8.5” x 11” Target Map, they are brief aairs that portray each fragment of the raid. Taken collectively, the fragments combine to present the eeting but violent mission over Japan. Each scenario includes a unique Debrieng Chart (in this book), putting its fragment into a historical context and oering a glimpse of a larger narrative. If you are new to Enemy Coast Ahead: The Doolittle Raid, Scenario 1 is a good place to start [p.5, but read pages 3-4 too]. -
Hitting Home the Air Offensive Against Japan
The U.S. Army Air Forces in World War II Hitting Home The Air Offensive Against Japan Daniel L. Haulman AIR FORCE HISTORY AND MUSEUMS PROGRAM 1999 Hitting Home The Air Offensive Against Japan The strategic bombardment of Japan during World War II remains one of the most controversial subjects of military history because it involved the first and only use of atomic weapons in war. It also raised the question of whether strategic bombing alone can win wars, a question that dominated U.S. Air Force thinking for a generation. Without question, the strategic bombing of Japan contributed very heavily to the Japanese decision to surrender. The United States and her allies did not have to invade the home islands, an invasion that would have cost many thousands of lives on both sides. This pamphlet traces the development of the bombing of the Japan- ese home islands, from the modest but dramatic Doolittle raid on Tokyo in April 1942, through the effort to bomb from bases in China that were supplied by airlift over the Himalayas, to the huge 500-plane raids from the Marianas in the Pacific. The campaign changed from precision daylight bombing to night incendiary bombing of Japanese cities and ultimately to the use of atomic bombs against Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The story covers the debut of the spectacular B–29 air- craft—in many ways the most awesome weapon of World War II— and its use not only as a bomber but also as a mine-layer. Hitting Home is the sequel to High Road to Tokyo Bay, a pamphlet by the same author that concentrated on Army Air Forces’ tactical op- erations in Asia and the Pacific areas during World War II. -
On April 18, 1942, 80 Brave Men Flew 16 B-25 Bombers Off the Deck of The
n April 18, 1942, 80 brave men fl ew 16 B-25 bombers The Raiders’ fi nal toast was a poignant and moving occasion, off the deck of the aircraft carrier USS Hornet deep in said attendees. It honored men who helped win the war in the the western Pacifi c. Led by Lt. Col. James H. “Jimmy” Pacifi c and in doing so changed the history of airpower. Doolittle, their mission was to avenge Japan’s attack First came the reading of the Raiders’ roll. The few voices on Pearl Harbor less than fi ve months before and raise answering “here” in the museum’s hall made clear the passage of OAmerican morale by bombing the Japanese homeland. the years. Retired Lt. Col. Richard E. Cole, Doolittle’s copilot on They accomplished that and more. Though they infl icted but crew No. 1, announced his presence at the event in a strong voice. modest damage, their raid deeply embarrassed Japanese military When the roll ended, he rose to open a bottle of 1896-vintage leaders. Hennessy cognac. He had to work at it. Eventually, the cork came The raid also contributed to Japan’s decision to attack the out with a soft “pop.” Midway islands atoll, where a stunning US victory changed the Air Force Academy cadets poured a measure for Cole and the course of World War II. other two Raiders gathered for the toast: retired Lt. Col. Edward Last Nov. 9, three of the four living Doolittle Raiders gave a J. Saylor, engineer of crew No. 15, and former SSgt. -
P Military Service Report
West Seneca Answers the Call to Arms Residents in World War II Town of West Seneca, New York Name: PABST ANDREW Address: 19 BENSON AVENUE Service Branch:ARMY Rank: PFC Unit / Squadron: BATTERY "C", 562ND A.A.A. (A.W.) (ANTI-AIRCRAFT ARTILLERY - AIR WARNING) Medals / Citations: Theater of Operations / Assignment: Service Notes: Private First-Class Base Assignments: Camp McCoy, Wisconsin - Located near Sparta, the original camp was split into two sections: Camp Emory Upton and Camp Robinson / In 1910, the Army renamed the entire tract "Camp Bruce E. McCoy" for Robert Bruce McCoy, a retired major general who first proposed the area as a training ground and bought part of the property on which the fort stands / In 1926, the name of the post was shortened to "Camp McCoy" / During World War II, Camp McCoy was used as a training facility for units from across the United States that were preparing to enter combat / The post was also used as a prisoner-of-war (POW) camp during the conflict Miscelleaneous: With much of World War II fought in the air, anti-aircraft weapons were weapons that could specifically direct their offense against air targets / The mission of the Anti-Aircraft Artillery units were to detect hostile aircraft and destroy them / Radar aided antiaircraft gunners by providing accurate information about the range, speed, and altitude of incoming enemy planes 2014 WWW.WSVET.ORG West Seneca Answers the Call to Arms Residents in World War II Town of West Seneca, New York Name: PARMELE JR. NELSON C. Address: 154 AURORA AVENUE Service Branch:ARMY Rank: PVT Unit / Squadron: COMPANY "B", 8TH BATTALION, 2ND REGIMENT Medals / Citations: Theater of Operations / Assignment: Service Notes: Private Base Assignments: Fort McClellan, Alabama - Fort McClellan, originally Camp McClellan, was a United States Army post located adjacent to the city of Anniston, Alabama / Camp was named in honor of Major General George B.