Doolittle Scenario 1
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H1 Toryjournal
TheWittenberg H1 toryJournal Wittenberg University • Springfield, Ohio Volume XXXII Spring2003 From the Editors: Greetings from the editors of the WittenbergUniversity History Journal. As you may notice, the format for this year's publication has changed from previous issues. We hope that this change is the first step in redefining the journal by making the physical publication even more professional. The within articles are, as always, excellent examples of what students here at Wittenberg are writing, and we hope that you wili enjoy reading them. A very special thanks is due to Tom and Tina Lagos, the Admission Office at Wittenberg and the Wittenberg History Club for their generous donations. Without their financial assistance, this publication would not have been possible. We would also like to thank all those involved in making this journal possible and congratulations to all the writers on creating such superior works. Mark Huber, Mandy Oleson and Dustin Plummer The Wittenberg University History Journal 2002-03 Editorial Staff '04, '03 Co-editors .......................... Mark Huber Mandy Oleson and Dustin Plummet '03 Editorial Staff ................. Erica Fornari '04, Greer Illingworth '05 Nicole Roberts '03 and Rebecca Roush '03 Advisor ......................................................... Dr. Jim Huffman The Hartje Papers The Martha and Robert G. Hartje Award is presented annually to a Senior in the spring semester. The History Department determines the five finalists who write a 600 to 800 word narrative essay dealing with a historical event or figure. The finalists must have at least a 2.7 grade point average and have completed at least six history courses. The winner is awarded $500 at a spring semester History Department colloquium and the winning paper is included in the HistoryJournal. -
Guide to the Doolittle Tokyo Raider Association Papers (1947
Guide to the Doolittle Tokyo Raider Association Papers (1947 - ) 26 linear feet Accession Number: 54-06 Collection Number: H54-06 Collection Dates: 1931 - Bulk Dates: 1942 - 2005 Prepared by Thomas J. Allen CITATION: The Doolittle Tokyo Raiders Association Papers, Box number, Folder number, History of Aviation Collection, Special Collections Department, McDermott Library, The University of Texas at Dallas. Special Collections Department McDermott Library, The University of Texas at Dallas Contents Historical Sketch ................................................................................................................. 3 Sources ................................................................................................................................ 3 Additional Sources .............................................................................................................. 3 Series Description ............................................................................................................... 4 Scope and Content Note...................................................................................................... 5 Collection Note ................................................................................................................... 8 Provenance Statement ......................................................................................................... 8 Literary Rights Statement ................................................................................................... 8 2 -
Japan's Pacific Campaign
2 Japan’s Pacific Campaign MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW TERMS & NAMES EMPIRE BUILDING Japan World War II established the • Isoroku •Douglas attacked Pearl Harbor in Hawaii United States as a leading player Yamamoto MacArthur and brought the United States in international affairs. •Pearl Harbor • Battle of into World War II. • Battle of Guadalcanal Midway SETTING THE STAGE Like Hitler, Japan’s military leaders also had dreams of empire. Japan’s expansion had begun in 1931. That year, Japanese troops took over Manchuria in northeastern China. Six years later, Japanese armies swept into the heartland of China. They expected quick victory. Chinese resistance, however, caused the war to drag on. This placed a strain on Japan’s economy. To increase their resources, Japanese leaders looked toward the rich European colonies of Southeast Asia. Surprise Attack on Pearl Harbor TAKING NOTES Recognizing Effects By October 1940, Americans had cracked one of the codes that the Japanese Use a chart to identify used in sending secret messages. Therefore, they were well aware of Japanese the effects of four major plans for Southeast Asia. If Japan conquered European colonies there, it could events of the war in the also threaten the American-controlled Philippine Islands and Guam. To stop the Pacific between 1941 and 1943. Japanese advance, the U.S. government sent aid to strengthen Chinese resistance. And when the Japanese overran French Indochina—Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos—in July 1941, Roosevelt cut off oil shipments to Japan. Event Effect Despite an oil shortage, the Japanese continued their conquests. They hoped to catch the European colonial powers and the United States by surprise. -
Additional Historic Information the Doolittle Raid (Hornet CV-8) Compiled and Written by Museum Historian Bob Fish
USS Hornet Sea, Air & Space Museum Additional Historic Information The Doolittle Raid (Hornet CV-8) Compiled and Written by Museum Historian Bob Fish AMERICA STRIKES BACK The Doolittle Raid of April 18, 1942 was the first U.S. air raid to strike the Japanese home islands during WWII. The mission is notable in that it was the only operation in which U.S. Army Air Forces bombers were launched from an aircraft carrier into combat. The raid demonstrated how vulnerable the Japanese home islands were to air attack just four months after their surprise attack on Pearl Harbor. While the damage inflicted was slight, the raid significantly boosted American morale while setting in motion a chain of Japanese military events that were disastrous for their long-term war effort. Planning & Preparation Immediately after the Pearl Harbor attack, President Roosevelt tasked senior U.S. military commanders with finding a suitable response to assuage the public outrage. Unfortunately, it turned out to be a difficult assignment. The Army Air Forces had no bases in Asia close enough to allow their bombers to attack Japan. At the same time, the Navy had no airplanes with the range and munitions capacity to do meaningful damage without risking the few ships left in the Pacific Fleet. In early January of 1942, Captain Francis Low1, a submariner on CNO Admiral Ernest King’s staff, visited Norfolk, VA to review the Navy’s newest aircraft carrier, USS Hornet CV-8. During this visit, he realized that Army medium-range bombers might be successfully launched from an aircraft carrier. -
Cincinnati's Doolittle Raider at War
Queen City Heritage Thomas C. Griffin, a resident of Cincinnati for over forty years, participated in the first bombing raid on Japan in World War II, the now leg- endary Doolittle raid. (CHS Photograph Collection) Winter 1992 Navigating from Shangri-La Navigating from Shangri- La: Cincinnati's Doolittle Raider at War Kevin C. McHugh served as Cincinnati's oral historian for "one of America's biggest gambles"5 of World War II, the now legendary Doolittle Raid on Japan. A soft-spoken man, Mr. Griffin Over a half century ago on April 18, 1942, characteristically downplays his part in the first bombing the Cincinnati Enquirer reported: "Washington, April 18 raid on Japan: "[It] just caught the fancy of the American — (AP) — The War and Navy Departments had no confir- people. A lot of people had a lot worse assignments."6 mation immediately on the Japanese announcement of the Nevertheless, he has shared his wartime experiences with bombing of Tokyo."1 Questions had been raised when Cincinnati and the country, both in speaking engagements Tokyo radio, monitored by UPI in San Francisco, had sud- and in print. In 1962 to celebrate the twentieth anniversary denly gone off the air and then had interrupted program- of the historic mission, the Cincinnati Enquirer highlight- ming for a news "flash": ed Mr. Griffin's recollections in an article that began, Enemy bombers appeared over Tokyo for the "Bomber Strike from Carrier Recalled."7 For the fiftieth first time since the outbreak of the current war of Greater anniversary in 1992, the Cincinnati Post shared his adven- East Asia. -
Tokyo Bay the AAF in the Asiatic-Pacific Theater
The U.S. Army Air Forces in World War II The High Road to Tokyo Bay The AAF in the Asiatic-Pacific Theater Daniel Haulman Air Force Historical Research Agency DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A Approved for Public Release Distribution Unlimited "'Aý-Iiefor Air Force History 1993 20050429 028 The High Road to Tokyo Bay In early 1942, Japanese military forces dominated a significant portion of the earth's surface, stretching from the Indian Ocean to the Bering Sea and from Manchuria to the Coral Sea. Just three years later, Japan surrendered, having lost most of its vast domain. Coordinated action by Allied air, naval, and ground forces attained the victory. Air power, both land- and carrier-based, played a dominant role. Understanding the Army Air Forces' role in the Asiatic-Pacific theater requires examining the con- text of Allied strategy, American air and naval operations, and ground campaigns. Without the surface conquests by soldiers and sailors, AAF fliers would have lacked bases close enough to enemy targets for effective raids. Yet, without Allied air power, these surface victories would have been impossible. The High Road to Tokyo Bay concentrates on the Army Air Forces' tactical operations in Asia and the Pacific areas during World War II. A subsequent pamphlet will cover the strategic bombardment of Japan. REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 The public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. -
The Eagle's Webbed Feet
The Eagle’s Webbed Feet The Eagle’s Webbed Feet •A Maritime History of the United States A Maritime History of the United States A Maritime History of the Uniteds The Second World War “Scratch one flattop!” “Damn it Captain, they’re getting away!” Pearl Harbor • China is the real bone of contention between the US and Japan • May 1941, Roosevelt orders the fleet to remain in Pearl Harbor • July 1941 – Oil imports to Japan halted • Japanese decision to go southeast for resources • The Soviet-Japanese Border Wars (1932-1939) o Battles of Khalkhin Gol (Nomonhan) (May-Sept 1939) o Neutrality Pact (April 1941) • The Philippines is the real target of the Pearl Harbor attack • Mahan’s influence on the IJN. “If you attack us, we will break your empire; before we are through with you …. we will crush you.” Admiral Stark (CNO) to Ambassador Nomura (Nov 1941) • What were the Japanese thinking? (Compromise Peace) Pearl Harbor (2) • Destroyed or severely damaged 8 battleships, 10 cruisers/destroyers, 230 aircraft, & killed 2400 men. Cost was 29 planes, 5 midget subs. • A “short war” meant they could ignore fuel depots, repair facilities and the submarine base. • Their air superiority meant they could ignore the US carriers • War declared on Japan the next day • On December 11th Germany declared war on the US (???) • One of the two stupidest decisions of World War Two USS Arizona USS Shaw War in the Atlantic • The US Navy’s role in the Atlantic War was: • The U-Boat War (Priority #1) • Safely convoying troops, equipment, and supplies • Destroy the U-Boat fleet • Conduct amphibious operations of Army forces • Because of Pearl Harbor, the Navy reluctantly supported the “Germany First” policy envisioned in Rainbow Five but it did not really believe in it. -
Picturing the War in the Pacific a Visual Time Line
LESSON PLAN: Picturing the War in the Pacific A Visual Time Line (National Archives and Records Administration, WC 1221.) INTRODUCTION By analyzing photographs and building a time line, students will be able to identify, discuss, and analyze the major events of World War II in the Pacific. First, students must match iconic images from the war in the Pacific with their captions. Then, they will place each image and caption in the correct chronological order to build a comprehensive time line of the war in the Pacific from the Japanese invasion of Manchuria to their surrender aboard the USS Missouri. Students will view the raising of the American flag on Mount Suribachi, look for a kamikaze attack on a US aircraft carrier, and identify the first Navajo code talkers sworn into the US Marine Corps. OBJECTIVES • By analyzing photographs and building a time line, students will be able to identify, discuss, and analyze the major events of World War II in the Pacific. • Students will also be able to identify the temporal structure of a historical narrative. GRADE LEVEL 7–12 TIME REQUIREMENT 1 class period MATERIALS • This lesson plan uses photographs and date and caption strips that are included as inserts with the printed guide and online at ww2classroom.org. • You may also need string and clothespins for this lesson. ONLINE RESOURCES ww2classroom.org The photographs, datelines, and captions used in this lesson are available online. LESSON PLAN PICTURING THE WAR IN THE PACIFIC The War in the Pacific 93 TEACHER STANDARDS COMMON CORE STANDARDS CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.SL.9-10.4 Present information, findings, and supporting evidence clearly, concisely, and logically such that listeners can follow the line of reasoning and the organization, development, substance, and style are appropriate to purpose, audience, and task. -
Jimmy Doolittle E Commander Behind the Legend
THE 17 DREW PER PA S Jimmy Doolittle e Commander behind the Legend Benjamin W. Bishop Lieutenant Colonel, USAF Air University Steven L. Kwast, Lieutenant General, Commander and President School of Advanced Air and Space Studies Thomas D. McCarthy, Colonel, Commandant and Dean AIR UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF ADVANCED AIR AND SPACE STUDIES Jimmy Doolittle The Commander behind the Legend Benjamin W. Bishop Lieutenant Colonel, USAF Drew Paper No. 17 Air University Press Air Force Research Institute Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama Project Editor Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Jerry Gantt Bishop, Benjamin W., 1975– Copy Editor Jimmy Doolittle, the commander behind the legend / Tammi K. Dacus Benjamin W. Bishop, Lieutenant Colonel, USAF. pages cm. — (Drew paper, ISSN 1941-3785 ; no. 17) Cover Art, Book Design, and Illustrations Includes bibliographical references. Daniel Armstrong ISBN 978-1-58566-245-6 Composition and Prepress Production 1. Doolittle, James Harold, 1896-1993—Military leadership. Michele D. Harrell 2. Generals—United States—Biography. 3. Command of Print Preparation and Distribution troops—Case studies. 4. United States. Army Air Forces. Air Diane Clark Force, 8th. 5. World War, 1939-1945—Aerial operations, Amer- ican. I. Title. UG626.2.D66B57 2014 940.54’4973092—dc23 2014035210 AIR FORCE RESEARCH INSTITUTE AIR UNIVERSITY PRESS Published by Air University Press in February 2015 ISBN: 978-1-58566-245-6 Director and Publisher ISSN: 1941-3785 Allen G. Peck Editor in Chief Oreste M. Johnson Managing Editor Demorah Hayes -
Hitting Home the Air Offensive Against Japan
The U.S. Army Air Forces in World War II Hitting Home The Air Offensive Against Japan Daniel L. Haulman AIR FORCE HISTORY AND MUSEUMS PROGRAM 1999 Hitting Home The Air Offensive Against Japan The strategic bombardment of Japan during World War II remains one of the most controversial subjects of military history because it involved the first and only use of atomic weapons in war. It also raised the question of whether strategic bombing alone can win wars, a question that dominated U.S. Air Force thinking for a generation. Without question, the strategic bombing of Japan contributed very heavily to the Japanese decision to surrender. The United States and her allies did not have to invade the home islands, an invasion that would have cost many thousands of lives on both sides. This pamphlet traces the development of the bombing of the Japan- ese home islands, from the modest but dramatic Doolittle raid on Tokyo in April 1942, through the effort to bomb from bases in China that were supplied by airlift over the Himalayas, to the huge 500-plane raids from the Marianas in the Pacific. The campaign changed from precision daylight bombing to night incendiary bombing of Japanese cities and ultimately to the use of atomic bombs against Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The story covers the debut of the spectacular B–29 air- craft—in many ways the most awesome weapon of World War II— and its use not only as a bomber but also as a mine-layer. Hitting Home is the sequel to High Road to Tokyo Bay, a pamphlet by the same author that concentrated on Army Air Forces’ tactical op- erations in Asia and the Pacific areas during World War II. -
Air-Log 2008 Summer (297.9Kb)
The University Air-Log of Texas at Dallas THE HISTORY OF AVIATION COLLECTION The Admiral Rosendahl Collection The James H. Doolittle Library The CAT/Air America Archive Summer 2008 The George H. Williams Library CNN analyst, former pilot & Air National Guard director to present ’08 Jalonick Memorial Lecture on June 21st Major General Donald W. Shepperd For information please call (USAF Ret.) is this year’s George W. 972-883-2570 Jalonick III and Dorothy Cockrell Jalonick Memorial Distinguished Lecture Gen. Shepperd was the director of the Series speaker. Air National Guard at the The Pentagon. The free lecture will be held June 21, As director, he was responsible for formu- 2008 at 4 p.m. in McDermott Library Au- lating, developing, and coordinating all ditorium on the campus of The University programs, policies, and plans affecting the of Texas at Dallas. The title of Gen. Shep- almost 117,000 Air Guard members in perd’s presentation is “Double, Double, more than 1,300 units throughout the Toil and Trouble - Implications of the United States, the District of Columbia, Modern World (Especially the Mid-East) Puerto Rico, Guam and the Virgin Islands. for Aviation.” “It is an audio-visual He graduated from the fourth class of tongue-in-cheek look at history in my life- the U.S. Air Force Academy in 1962. time and how it got us to where we are After receiving his wings, he was assigned going. It promises to be a humorous, fun- to duty in West Germany and South Viet- filled afternoon,” says Gen. -
Winter 2015 IOWA DEPARTMENT of VETERANS AFFAIRS NEWSLETTER
IOWA DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS NEWSLETTER 7105 NW 70th Avenue, Camp Dodge — Building 3465, Johnston, IA 50131 515-252-4698 800-838-4692 https://va.iowa.gov Winter 2015 “The Best Iowa had to Offer” On November 15, 2014 the Iowa Aviation Museum in Greenfield, Iowa, held its annual Hall of Fame Induction Ceremony. This year, three Iowa soldiers were recognized — all of whom participated in the Doolittle Tokyo Raiders’ secret mission on April 18, 1942. The participants honored are U.S. Air Force Colonel Charles Ross Greening, U.S. Army Air Forc- es Corporal Leland D. Faktor, and U.S. Army Air Forces Staff Sergeant William J. Dieter. “The Doolittle Raid was in retaliation for the dev- astating Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor just four months earlier. After this and the Bataan Death March, the American people sorely needed a mo- rale boost. The daring bombing of Tokyo provided that boost. The raid was ordered at the request of President Franklin D. Roosevelt and was led by Lt. Col. Jimmy Doolittle. Sixteen B-25 “Mitchell” bombers flew off the aircraft carrier USS Hornet to bomb the targets on the Japanese mainland. The secret task force was spotted and the bombers were forced to depart early — knowing they didn’t have fuel to reach safe territory. Iowans Dieter and Faktor were two of the three crew members killed when their bombers crash-landed.” All 80 members of the Doolittle Raiders were awarded the Congressional Gold Medal on May 24th, 2014. The descendants and families of the three honorees were in attendance.