DOCSLIB.ORG

Faunal Remains from Fort Mitchell (1RU102), Russell County, Alabama David E

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Faunal Remains from Fort Mitchell (1RU102), Russell County, Alabama David E Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2004 Faunal Remains from Fort Mitchell (1RU102), Russell County, Alabama David E. Cremer Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES FAUNAL REMAINS FROM FORT MITCHELL (1RU102), RUSSELL COUNTY, ALABAMA By DAVID E. CREMER A Thesis submitted to the Department of Anthropology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Degree Awarded: Fall Semester, 2004 The members of the Committee approve the Thesis of David E. Cremer defended on October 27, 2004. Rochelle Marrinan Professor Directing Thesis Michael Russo Outside Committee Member Glen Doran Committee Member Approved: Dean Falk, Chair, Department of Anthropology Donald J. Foss, Dean, College of Arts and Sciences The Office of Graduate Studies has verified and approved the above named committee members. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank the following individuals who, without their help, this thesis would never have seen completion. First, I would like to thank my graduate advisor, Rochelle Marrinan, whose careful tutelage and instruction provided me with the skills and abilities necessary to complete this project. I would also like to thank Michael Russo and Glen Doran, my committee members, for their contributions and counsel on this thesis. Thanks to David Steadman for taking his time to identify most of the avian materials. I would like to express my gratitude to John Cottier for providing the materials for analysis, and the chance to work on Fort Mitchell. Of course, thank you to Justin Stickler, my inside observer to the world of Alabama archaeology, without whom I would never have had the opportunity to work on this material. Thanks to Dominic Gourd for his time, and creative input. I am also grateful to the Southeastern Archaeological Center curation lab, who kept me employed throughout my career as a graduate student, and the many individuals employed therein for their conversation and constant witty dialog. I am grateful to my parents, who gave me love and support throughout my scholastic career, and thanks be to God, for its completion. Finally, my deepest gratitude to my wife, Michelle Caldwell Cremer, for her help, support, love, friendship, and tolerance of my lifelong pursuit of knowledge. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables ................................................................................................ Page vii List of Figures ................................................................................................ Page ix Abstract ...................................................................................................... Page xii 1. Introduction ................................................................................................ Page 1 Fort Mitchell History .................................................................................. Page 3 Methodology............................................................................................... Page 5 Research Goals ........................................................................................... Page 5 2. Regional History and History of the Fort Mitchell Area................................ Page 7 The Yamassee War ..................................................................................... Page 7 War Between Colonial Powers ................................................................... Page 9 The Creek Relations with the United States ............................................... Page 10 The Federal Road........................................................................................ Page 12 The Prophet Tecumseh ............................................................................... Page 14 The Creek War............................................................................................ Page 16 A Flood of Settlers...................................................................................... Page 21 The Twilight of the Creek........................................................................... Page 22 3. Site History ................................................................................................ Page 27 The First Fort .............................................................................................. Page 27 Between Forts: The Indian Factory and Growing Settlement .................... Page 29 The Marquis de Lafayette ........................................................................... Page 31 The Second Fort.......................................................................................... Page 32 Modern Research and Investigation ........................................................... Page 37 4. Site Description ............................................................................................. Page 41 Climate ................................................................................................ Page 41 Soils ................................................................................................ Page 41 Vegetation ................................................................................................ Page 43 iv Fauna ................................................................................................ Page 45 5. Food and Subsistence in the Early to Mid 19th Century ................................. Page 52 6. Cultural Materials and Feature Description.................................................... Page 61 Military Buttons.......................................................................................... Page 61 Ceramics ................................................................................................ Page 65 Feature Description..................................................................................... Page 66 Features Associated with the First Fort Mitchell.................................. Page 67 Features Associated with the Indian Factory Period ............................ Page 73 Features Associated with the Second Fort Mitchell ............................. Page 74 7. Field Methodology, Lab Methodology, and Sampling................................... Page 83 8. Research Results ............................................................................................. Page 87 Characterizing the Sample .......................................................................... Page 90 Mammals............................................................................................... Page 91 Birds (Aves).......................................................................................... Page 98 Fish (Osteichthyes) ............................................................................... Page 101 Analysis by Feature .................................................................................... Page 103 First Fort Features................................................................................. Page 103 Indian Factory and Settlement Period Features .................................... Page 106 Second Fort Features ............................................................................ Page 108 Recovered Identifiable Large Mammal Portions .................................... Page 112 9. Conclusions ................................................................................................ Page 115 APPENDICES ................................................................................................ Page 120 A Photographs of Analyzed Faunal Materials.......................................... Page 120 v B Data Sheets ........................................................................................... Page 125 C Scientific and Common Names for Floral Remains ............................. Page 141 REFERENCES ................................................................................................ Page 142 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH .............................................................................. Page 149 vi LIST OF TABLES Table 3.1: Periods of Occupation at Fort Mitchell .............................................. Page 33 Table 3.2: Distribution of Troops at Fort Mitchell .............................................. Page 34 Table 5.1: Ration of the War of 1812 .................................................................. Page 53 Table 6.1: Temporary Chronological Designations for Selected Features.......... Page 67 Table 6.2: Ceramic Distribution from Feature 139.............................................. Page 69 Table 6.3: Ceramic Distribution from Feature 151.............................................. Page 70 Table 6.4: Ceramic Distribution from Feature 181.............................................. Page 71 Table 6.5: Ceramic Distribution from Feature 182.............................................. Page 73 Table 6.6: Ceramic Distribution from Feature 49................................................ Page 74 Table 6.7: Ceramic Distribution from Feature 56................................................ Page 75 Table 6.8: Ceramic Distribution from Feature 102.............................................. Page 78 Table 6.9: Ceramic Distribution from Feature 105.............................................. Page 79 Table 8.1: Identified Faunal Specimens from Fort Mitchell ............................... Page 88 Table
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Challenge Bowl 2020
    Notice: study guide will be updated after the December general election. Sponsored by the Muscogee (Creek) Nation Challenge Bowl 2020 High School Study Guide Sponsored by the Challenge Bowl 2020 Muscogee (Creek) Nation Table of Contents A Struggle To Survive ................................................................................................................................ 3-4 1. Muscogee History ......................................................................................................... 5-30 2. Muscogee Forced Removal ........................................................................................... 31-50 3. Muscogee Customs & Traditions .................................................................................. 51-62 4. Branches of Government .............................................................................................. 63-76 5. Muscogee Royalty ........................................................................................................ 77-79 6. Muscogee (Creek) Nation Seal ...................................................................................... 80-81 7. Belvin Hill Scholarship .................................................................................................. 82-83 8. Wilbur Chebon Gouge Honors Team ............................................................................. 84-85 9. Chronicles of Oklahoma ............................................................................................... 86-97 10. Legends & Stories ......................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Creek "Migration Legend"
    UCLA UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Dancing Breath: Ceremonial Performance Practice, Environment, and Personhood in a Muskogee Creek Community Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2qm3x2bd Author Koons, Ryan Abel Publication Date 2016 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Dancing Breath: Ceremonial Performance Practice, Environment, and Personhood in a Muskogee Creek Community A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Ethnomusicology by Ryan Abel Koons 2016 © Copyright by Ryan Abel Koons 2016 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Dancing Breath: Ceremonial Performance Practice, Environment, and Personhood in a Muskogee Creek Community by Ryan Abel Koons Doctor of Philosophy in Ethnomusicology University of California, Los Angeles, 2016 Professor Tara Browner, Chair This dissertation presents an ethnography utilizing a multispecies perspective of the "busk" ritual cycle as performed by the southeastern Muskogee Creek American Indian community, Pvlvcekolv (Apalachicola). Humans construct humanity and personhood partially via interactions with other-than-human persons, such as animals, plants, and objects. I examine ritualized interactions between humans and others-than-human in a southeastern Indigenous "natureculture," exploring the intersections of ontology, personhood, and performance practice. Pvlvcekolv, an animistic Florida-based tribal town with a ceremonial Fire that pre-dates European Contact, maintains a centuries-old ritual tradition, the busk. Sometimes known as "Green Corn Ceremonialism," many Native communities share this tradition, including ii Cherokee, Chickasaw, Seminole, Yuchi, and other Creek peoples historically and in the present day. Performing the songs, dances, and ritual actions of the busk places participants into dialogue with other-than-human persons.
    [Show full text]
  • Challenge Bowl 2020
    Sponsored by the Muscogee (Creek) Nation Challenge Bowl 2020 High School Study Guide Sponsored by the Challenge Bowl 2020 Muscogee (Creek) Nation Table of Contents A Struggle To Survive ................................................................................................................................ 3-4 1. Muscogee History ......................................................................................................... 5-30 2. Muscogee Forced Removal ........................................................................................... 31-50 3. Muscogee Customs & Traditions .................................................................................. 51-62 4. Branches of Government .............................................................................................. 63-76 5. Muscogee Royalty ........................................................................................................ 77-79 6. Muscogee (Creek) Nation Seal ...................................................................................... 80-81 7. Belvin Hill Scholarship .................................................................................................. 82-83 8. Wilbur Chebon Gouge Honors Team ............................................................................. 84-85 9. Chronicles of Oklahoma ............................................................................................... 86-97 10. Legends & Stories ......................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Comprehensive Plan for the Unified Government of Cusseta-Chattahoochee County
    COMPREHENSIVE PLAN FOR THE UNIFIED GOVERNMENT OF CUSSETA-CHATTAHOOCHEE COUNTY COMMUNITY ASSESSMENT 2008-2030 Prepared by THE LOWER CHATTAHOOCHEE REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT CENTER Cusseta-Chattahoochee County Comprehensive Plan 2007-2030 Community Assessment Table of Contents Introduction............................................................................................................................................... 3 Population............................................................................................................................................. 3 Issues................................................................................................................................................. 4 Opportunities .................................................................................................................................... 4 Economic Development........................................................................................................................ 4 Issues................................................................................................................................................. 5 Opportunities .................................................................................................................................... 5 Housing................................................................................................................................................. 6 Issues................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Creek War of 1813-1814
    The Creek War of 1813-1814 Moderator’s Guide “In classrooms where teachers use deliberation, students learn to think critically, work through differences, and interact with people who may or may not share their point of view. Teaching through deliberation provides students with the skills and abilities to work with others as citizens to claim a better future for their communities.” - Stacie Molnar-Main, Deliberation in the Classroom This issue guide is designed for classroom deliberation on a period of Alabama history that deserves more of our attention: the Creek Indian Civil War of 1813-14. Deliberation is a form of discussion where participants weigh the pros and cons of different approaches to solving a complex problem. Participants work through various tradeoffs or consequences of actions with respect and passion, and, over time, they develop skills required for living in a democratic society: critical thinking, communication, judgment, and empathy. This classroom deliberation invites students to consider the difficult choices that faced Creek Indians in 1813. About the Project This issue guide was developed in collaboration with the Charles F. Kettering Foundation as part of a research project on integrating historical and civic education. Partners include the Caroline Marshall Draughon Center for the Arts & Humanities in the College of Liberal Arts at Auburn University; Clarke County Historical Museum; and the David Mathews Center for Civic Life. Special thanks to colleagues at the Alabama Department of Archives and History and the Alabama Bicentennial Commission, as well as Dr. Kathryn Holland Braund, History Department, Auburn University. This issue guide is dedicated to Robert Thrower (1961-2017), Tribal Historic Preservation Officer, Poarch Creek Indians.
    [Show full text]
  • Challenge Bowl 2021
    Sponsored by the Muscogee (Creek) Nation Challenge Bowl 2021 High School Study Guide Sponsored by the Challenge Bowl 2021 Muscogee (Creek) Nation Table of Contents A Struggle To Survive ................................................................................................................................ 3-4 1. Muscogee History ......................................................................................................... 5-30 2. Muscogee Forced Removal ........................................................................................... 31-50 3. Muscogee Customs & Traditions .................................................................................. 51-62 4. Branches of Government .............................................................................................. 63-76 5. Muscogee Royalty ........................................................................................................ 77-78 6. Muscogee (Creek) Nation Seal ...................................................................................... 79-80 7. Belvin Hill Scholarship .................................................................................................. 81-82 8. Wilbur Chebon Gouge Honors Team ............................................................................. 83-84 9. Chronicles of Oklahoma ............................................................................................... 85-96 10. Legends & Stories ......................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Horseshoe Bend National Military Park Administrative History
    NATIONAL PARK SERVICE • U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Horseshoe Bend National Military Park Administrative History Keith S. Hébert and Kathryn H. Braund Auburn University July 2019 Horseshoe Bend National Military Park Administrative History July 2019 Keith S. Hébert and Kathryn H. Braund Auburn University Horseshoe Bend National Military Park Daviston, Alabama Administrative History Approved by: Superintendent, Horseshoe Bend National Military Park Date Recommended by: Chief, Cultural Resources, Partnerships and Science Division, Southeast Region Date Recommended by: Deputy Regional Director, Southeast Region Date Approved by: Regional Director, Southeast Region Date ii CONTENTS Executive Summary ................................................................................................................xiii Introduction .............................................................................................................................xv Horseshoe Bend National Military Park .....................................................................................xvi Chapter One: Horseshoe Bend in the Nineteenth Century .................................................... 1 The Creek War of 1813–1814 .................................................................................................. 1 Creek Indian Land Cessions: 1814–1832 ................................................................................... 6 Horseshoe Bend Battlefield: 1832–1900 ..................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Indians of East Alabama and the Place Names They Left Behind
    THE INDIANS OF EAST ALABAMA AND THE PLACE NAMES THEY LEFT BEHIND BY DON C. EAST INTRODUCTION When new folks move to Lake Wedowee, some of the first questions they ask are: “what is the meaning of names like Wedowee and Hajohatchee?” and “what Indian languages do the names Wehadkee and Fixico come from?” Many of us locals have been asked many times “how do you pronounce the name of (put in your own local town bearing an Indian name) town?” All of us have heard questions like these before, probably many times. It turns out that there is a good reason we east Alabama natives have heard such questions more often than the residents of other areas in Alabama. Of the total of 231 Indian place names listed for the state of Alabama in a modern publication, 135 of them are found in 18 counties of east Alabama. Put in other words, 58.4% of Alabama’s Indian place names are concentrated in only 26.8% of it’s counties! We indeed live in a region that is rich with American Indian history. In fact, the boundaries of the last lands assigned to the large and powerful Creek Indian tribe by the treaty at Fort Jackson after the Red Stick War of 1813-14, were almost identical to the borders of what is known as the "Sunrise Region" in east central Alabama. These Indian names are relics, like the flint arrowheads and other artifacts we often find in our area. These names are traces of past peoples and their cultures; people discovered by foreign explorers, infiltrated by early American traders and settlers, and eventually forcefully moved from their lands.
    [Show full text]
  • Information to Users
    INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter free, vdiile others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, b%inning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Hgher quality 6” x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI A BeQ & Howell Infimnation Compai^ 300 NoithZeeb Road, Ann Arbor MI 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA GRADUATE COLLEGE FROM ONE TO MANY, FROM MANY TO ONE: SPEECH COMMUNITIES IN THE MUSKOGEE STOMPDANCE POPULATION A Dissertation SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE FACULTY in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy By PAMELA JOAN INNES Norman, Oklahoma 1997 mil Number: 9724423 Copyright 1997 by Izmes, Pamela Joan All rights reserved.
    [Show full text]
  • The Removal of the Creek Indians from the Southeast, 1825-1838
    THE REMOVAL OF THE CREEK INDIANS FROM THE SOUTHEAST, 1825-1838 Except where reference is made to the work of others, the work described in this dissertation is my own or was done in collaboration with my advisory committee. This dissertation does not include proprietary or classified information. ____________________________ Christopher D. Haveman Certificate of Approval: ____________________________ ____________________________ Kenneth W. Noe Kathryn E. Holland Braund, Chair Professor Professor History History ____________________________ ____________________________ David C. Carter John Saye Professor Professor History Education ____________________________ George T. Flowers Dean Graduate School THE REMOVAL OF THE CREEK INDIANS FROM THE SOUTHEAST, 1825-1838 Christopher D. Haveman A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Auburn University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Auburn, Alabama August 10, 2009 THE REMOVAL OF THE CREEK INDIANS FROM THE SOUTHEAST, 1825-1838 Christopher D. Haveman Permission is granted to Auburn University to make copies of this dissertation at its discretion, upon request of individuals or institutions and at their expense. The author reserves all publication rights. ________________________________ Signature of Author ________________________________ Date of Graduation iii DISSERTATION ABSTRACT THE REMOVAL OF THE CREEK INDIANS FROM THE SOUTHEAST, 1825-1838 Christopher D. Haveman Doctor of Philosophy, August 10, 2009 (M.A. Auburn University, 2006) (M.A. Marquette University, 2001) (B.A. Western Washington University, 1998) 407 Typed Pages Directed by Kathryn E. Holland Braund This dissertation examines the removal of approximately twenty-three thousand Creek Indians from Alabama and Georgia to present-day Oklahoma between 1825 and 1838. At its height, the Creek Nation encompassed most of the present-day states of Alabama, Georgia, and Florida.
    [Show full text]
  • Native Americans Alabama, and Coushatta
    History of Covington The early historic Creeks were probably descendants of the mound builders of the Mississippian culture along the Tennessee River in modern Tennessee[2] and Alabama, and possibly relat- County Alabama ed to the Utinahica of southern Georgia. More of a loose con- federacy than a single tribe, the Muscogee lived in autonomous Part 1 villages in river valleys throughout what are today the states of Tennessee, Georgia, and Alabama and consisted of many ethnic groups speaking several distinct languages, such as the Hitchiti, Native Americans Alabama, and Coushatta. Those who lived along the Ocmulgee The Choctaw are a Native American people originally from the River were called "Creek Indians" by British traders from South Southeastern United States (Mississippi, Alabama, and Carolina; eventually the name was applied to all of the various Louisiana). They are of the Muskogean linguistic group. The natives of Creek towns becoming increasingly divided between word Choctaw (also known as Chahta, Chactas ,Chato, Tchakta, the Lower Towns of the Georgia frontier on the Chattahoochee and Chocktaw) may derive from the Castilian word "chato," River, Ocmulgee River, and Flint River and the Upper Towns of meaning flat; however, noted anthropologist John Swanton sug- the Alabama River Valley. gests that the name belonged to a Choctaw leader.[2] They were a part of the Mississippian culture which was located throughout The Lower Towns included Coweta, Cusseta (Kasihta, the Mississippi River valley. The early Spanish explorers, Cofitachiqui), Upper Chehaw (Chiaha), Hitchiti, Oconee, according to historian Walter Williams,encountered their Ocmulgee, Okawaigi, Apalachee, Yamasee (Altamaha), antecedents.[3] In the 19th century, Choctaws were known as Ocfuskee, Sawokli, and Tamali.
    [Show full text]
  • Information to Users
    INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from aiQT type o f computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., nuq)s, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back o f the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6” x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI A Bell & Howell Infonnaticn Company 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor MI 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 THE SOCIAL AND DEMOGRAPHIC EFFECTS OF CREEK REMOVAL 1832-1860 A Dissertation APPROVED FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY BY z:z_ ______ M UMI Number: 9733704 UMI Microform 9733704 Copyright 1997, by UMI Company.
    [Show full text]