A Gazetteer of Georgia ; CONTAINING A PARTICULAR DESCRIPTION OF THE STATE; ITS Kesources, Counties, Towns, Tillages, AND WHATEVER 1S USUAL IN STATISTICAL WORKS. BY ADIEL SHERWOOD, nONOEAET MEM BEE OF THE GEO EG I A HISTOBICAL SOCIETY, AND CORRESPONDING 6ECEETAEY 0F THE HISTOEICAL SOCIETY OF ILLINOIS. FOURTH EDITION, BE VISED AND COBBKCTED. GEORGIA: Macon: S. BOYKIN Griffin : BRAWNER & PUTNAM. Atlanta : J. RICHARDS. 1860. Entered according to Act or CongreBS, in the year 1850, by ADIEL SHERWOOD, b tie Clerk's Office of the District Court for the Southern District of Georgia. ABBREVIATIONS. Ala. Alabama, Mt. Mountain. c. Greek or branch, N. C. North Carolina. cap. Capital or place of No. Number. public business. p. t. Post Town. p. place. Co. County. p. v. Post Village. Is. Island, r. River. m. Miles. S. C. South Carolina. M. Milledgeville. Ten. Tennessee. PREFACE. Since the 3d edition of the Gazetteer of Georgia was published, in 1837, some forty new counties have been organized, making the whole number 132. True, since that date Rev. George White* has issued two statistical works; but as great changes have been made, a new edition of the Gazetteer is demanded. The census of 1859 has not been included, because it was not complete at first, as published by the Comptroller General, in the hope that the enumeration of 1860 would be out in time for this work. The papers will print it as early as pos sible, and when desired can be pasted upon the inside cover of this book. The Railroad routes, with the distances from place to place on the rude maps, will be a great convenience to travellers, and furnish all the information necessary in the cars. Over 1,200 miles of railroad are now open ; extensions are made every month. Soon Savannah will be in direct communication with Thomasville and the South-west. Soon Macon and Albany will be in connexion with Brunswick ; another seaport will be accessible to the produce of the Empire State of the South, and all the ° This gentleman, in his statistics of 18 49, pages 44 and 45, prints, "In 1717 the Palatine and Lords Proprietors,'' &c, from my Gazetteer ; this paragraph, except what is enclosed in double commas, is my own composition. The next sentence is also mine. Below is this: — "In July, 1732, the Charter from Georgia, the record was read,'' <Sfcc. Here he has taken my words and my printer's error, verbatim, ; the error is corrected in mybook, page 358. in this way: —For " Georgia, the Record, " read "George the Second" (see 3d edition, 1837) ; this correction the plagiarist did not discover, or he would not have subjected himself to exposure in a mmner so palpable. If he had acknowledged his obliga tion, no notice would have been taken of his rapacity. This bill of plagiarism could be greatly enlarged if necessary. 4 PREFACE. Southern and South-western part greatly benefited. Ma con, too, will soon be connected with Augusta direct, Griffin and Atlanta will be united with Jacksonville, Alabama. Very few words are necessary in this preface. A good map, containing every County and every Court-house, accompanies the book. Former editions have received so much approbation from the citizens, that hope is bright in regard to this. Many distinguished persons have urged its early publication. Griffin, August, 1860. CONTENTS. Antiquities, ..... 184 Boundaries, - - - - - -11 Climate, ------ 19 Colleges, - - - - - - 143 Cotton Factories, .... 112 Counties, alphabetically, with Towns, Post-Offices, etc., 25 Diagrams of Railroads, - - - - 6 Government Officers, - - - - 193 History and Progress of Education, - - 142 Lakes and Ponds, - - - - 18 List of Governors and Congressmen, - - 160 Literature, Georgia Authors, -. - - 154 Manners, Customs, etc., ... 183 Mineral Resources, 188 Natural Historv, - - • - - - 182 Old History, ------- 12 Population, ..... 192 Preface, - - - - - - - 3 Presidents of the United States, - - 181 Public Debt, - - - - - - 180 Railroads, ..... 149 Receipts and Disbursements, - - - 118 Religious Denominations, ... 193 Revolutionary facts, .... 175 Rivers, ..... - 15 School Statistics, - 148 Soil and Productions, - - - - 194 Summer Retreats, ..... 110 Supreme Court, - - - - - 165 The Press, 165 Treaties, Acquisition of Territory,etc., - - 13 RAILROAD ROUTES. Atlanta to West Point, Atlanta to Augusta, 87 Miles. ,171 Miles. 171 Augusta. Atlanta. 160Belair. 150 Berzilia. 6 East Point. R.R. to Macon. 142 Dearing. 124 Camac. Washington. 114 Cumming. 18 Fairbum. 106 Crawford ville. Athens. 95 Union Point. 87 Greenesboro'. 41 Newnan. Oconee River. 67 Madison. 61 Social Circle. Alcovee River. 7» Lagrange. 41 Covington. le: Rock Mountain. 7 Decatur, 871 Westpoint, Atlanta. Savannah and Gulf Road, B. E. Atlanta to Chatta- about 190 miles to Thomasville. nooga, 138 miles. 138|Chattanooga. Savannah. ' State Line. 20; Ogechee RiveT. 114: Ringgold. 58 Altamaha Eiver. 107 Tunnellville. Zero. 100 Dalton. Cleavdand. 125 McDonald. 82 Calhoun. 70 Adairsville. Alapaha River. Home. 60: Kingston. 50]Cartersville. Etow'fth Riyer. 155 Valdosta, capital of Lowndes. 45' Alatoona. 167 Quitman, capital of Brooks. Acworth. 20; Marietta. 190|Thomasville. Cars will run near to Thomasville, Chattahoochee River. and so on to Bainbridge, in all, 1861. Distances in some places estimated. Atlanta. Railroad from Macon to Savannah, 191 Miles. 191|Savannah. 170 Eden 140 Halcyondale. 128 Ogechee. r ou 9m 120 Scarboro'. " P& 63 miles. Ill Millen. 100 Herndon. * 68 Davisboro'. Mddkville. Sandersville. 56 Tennille. 60 | 28 Molntire. To Irwinlon. i 38 miles. 20 Gordon. 9 Griswold. Macon. Atlanta and Macon B. E., Macon to Columbus, 103 Miles. 100 Miles. 1031 Atlanta. lOOlColumbus. 97 East Point. 91 Shetulga. 80 Upatoie. 92i Rough and Ready. 70 Geneva, Talbot Co. 81 Jonesboro'. 65 Steam Mills. 60, Griffin. 50 Butler, Taylor Co. Flint River. 49! Milner. 42 Reynolds', Crawford Co. 42 Barnesville. 28 Fort Valley, Houston Co. S. W. R. R. 26; Forsyth. 15; Crawford's. 12 Echoconnee Creek. Macon. Macon. S. W. R. B., Macon to S. W. B. B., Macon to Albany, Fort Gaines & Eufala, 106 miles. 140 miles. Macon. 12 Echoconnee. -t-l B c 28 Fort Valley. 5 38 Winchester. 48 Montezuma. Flint River. 83 Smith ville. To Albany. 50 Oglethorpe. 90 Brown's Milla 70 Americas. 97 Dawson, Terrell Court-house. 7b Outhbert. Smith ville. 120 Cuthbert. Fori Gaines. 95 Woo ten's. 140, Georgetown, opposite Eufala. 107'Albany BOUNDARIES AND EXTENT. 11 Boundaries and Extent. Georgia is bounded on the North by Tennessee and North Carolina ; on the North-east by South Carolina, from which it is separated by the Savannah river ; on the South-east by the Atlantic Ocean ; on the South by Florida, and on the West by a corner of Florida and Alabama. The line between this State and Tennessee begins at Nickojack, in Latitude 35°, West Longitude from Wash ington city, 8° 38' 45", and runs due East 66 miles, to near the centre of Gilmer county, where it meets the North Carolina boundary. The line between us and North Carolina is 74 miles in length ; so that the whole of our northern boundary, from Nickojack to Ellicott's Rock, at the head of Chatooga, is 140 miles. From the confluence of the Chattahoochee and Flint rivers, in Latitude 30° 42' 42", and Longitude 8° 53' 15", to the head of the St. Mary's, the distance is 157 miles. Extend this line to the Atlantic, 47 more, and we have a southern boundary of 200 miles. The Chattahoochee, in its various meanderings, forms the western boundary 360 miles, to Miller's Bend, in Latitude 32° 52' 16"; Longitude, 8° 12' 45". Here the line diverges from the river, and runs N. 9° 26' W. to Nickojack, a distance of 146 miles. Georgia extends from Latitude 30° 34' 26" 6 N. to the 35°; and from 3° 45' to 8° 38' 45" W. Longitude from Washington city. Length from north to south 300 miles ; breadth from east to west 240, containing upwards of 58,000 square miles— 37,120,000 acres. In shape, this State is a pentagon, having its north-eastern angle in Rabun, its south-eastern in Chatham, its south south-east ern in Camden, its south-western in Decatur, and its north western on the summit of Raccoon mountain,n in Dade county. 12 OLD HISTORY. Old History. Sir Walter Raleigh is the reputed discoverer of the territory now called Georgia. A large number of old Tracts have lately been gathered up and reprinted by Mr. Force, of Washington city ; from these extracts are made, showing the early History of our State, which will, no doubt, be full of interest to every citizen. From "An Account showing the Progress of the Colony of Grorgia, Ac. ; printed in LondoD, by order of the Trustees, in the Tear MECCXLI." "Mr. Oglethorpe has with him Sir Waller EawleigFs written Journal, and by the Latitude of the Place, the Marks and Traditions of the Indians, it is the very first Place whore he went on shore, and talked with the In dians, and was the first Englishman they ever saw; and about half a Mile from Savannah is a high Mount of Earth under which lies their Chief King: And the In dians informed Mr. Oglethorpe that their king desired, be fore he died, that he might be Buried on the Spot where he talked with that great good man." In 1717 the Palatine and Lords Proprietors of South Carolina, granted unto Sir Robert Mountgomery, " all that Tract of Land which lies between the rivers Altamaha and Savannah," under the title of the Margravate of Azilia. There is extant a pamphlet in which the owner describes the country, and his plan of settling it, &c. ; but it is presumed he did not carry his plans into execution. In 1725 the Carolinians had built forts on the Altama ha, to prevent the negroes escaping to Florida, and to overawe the Indians.