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IJPAIR 2016 Final 2.Indd ISSN 0973-5011 2014-15 VOL.5-8 IJPAIR Indian Journal of Politics and International Relations 2014-15 2014-15 VOL.5-8 IJPAIR CMYK Indian Journal of Politics and International Relations Indian Journal of Politics and International Relations Vol. 5-8 2014-15 IJPAIR is a refereed biannual journal published by the School of International Relations and Politics, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala. IJPAIR is committed to providing a Vice Chancellor space for the best of writings in Political Science and International Relations (IR). It publishes BABU SEBASTIAN topical, scholarly work on significant debates in Politics and IR and on all major socio-economic, cultural and political issues affecting India and other countries. Editor K.M.SEETHI Indian Journal of Politics and International Relations is available against subscription. Rates of subscription for one year will be as follows: Associate Editors Annual Raju K. Thadikkaran Institutional Individual A.K.Ramakrishnan A.M. Thomas India Rs. 400 Rs.300 R. Girish Kumar SAARC countries US$ 30 US$ 20 C.Vinodan Other countries US$ 50 US$ 40 M.V. Bijulal Lirar P. Single Board of Advisory Editors Immanuel Wallerstein (Yale University) Institutional Individual Francis Boyle (University of Illinois College of Law) India Rs. 200 Rs.150 Prabhat Patnaik (Jawaharlal Nehru University) SAARC countries US$ 15 US$ 10 Sabina Lautensach (University of Auckland and Human Security Institute) Other countries US$ 30 US$ 20 Neera Chandhoke (Delhi University) Special Issue Rs.750 Rs 500 Rajen Harshe (Allahabad Central University) Alexander Lautensach (University of Northern British Colombia) Subscription can be sent to The Editor, IJPAIR, School of International Relations and Politics Jayadeva Uyangoda (University of Colombo) (SIRP), Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarshini Hills PO., Kottayam, Kerala, India-686560 Valerian Rodrigues (Jawaharlal Nehru University) along with a Cheque/Demand Draft drawn in favour of the Editor, IJPAIR and payable at T.V.Paul (McGill University) Kottayam. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ @ Registrar, Mahatma Gandhi University 2014-15 Editorial Office School of International Relations and Politics ISSN 0973-5011 Mahatma Gandhi University Priyadarshini Hills P.O., The views expressed in IJPAIR are those of the authors and not necessarily of the SIRP. Kottayam, Kerala India PIN- 686560 e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] Printed in India at Print Solutions, Kottayam, Kerala, India. Phone: 91-9447051734 CMYK Indian Journal of Politics and International Relations 30 Years’ Commemorative Volume Vol. 5 - 8 2014-15 Contents Editorial 7 Twenty-First Century Imperialism:Militarism, Collaborators and Popular Resistance 9 James Petras World-Systems, the Imminent End of Capitalism and Unifying Social Science 17 In Conversation with Immanuel Wallerstein The Moves towards ‘De-Dollarization’ 25 Prabhat Patnaik Egypt’s Current Dilemma:‘These are Regimes That Do Not Go’ 29 Wael Deirki Heroic Leniency: Iran and the United States 50 Immanuel Wallerstein The Iraq Crisis and Its Regional Implications 53 Ninan Koshy European Elections 2014: Challenges and Prospects 60 Céline Di Mantova Capitalists, Technocrats and Fanatics: The Ascent of a New Power Bloc 65 James Petras Political Transitions in India 71 John Samuel Representation Sans Represented: Corporate Power in Indian Elections 83 J. Prabhash India’s Foreign Policy Options under Narendra Modi 95 K.P. Fabian James Madison and the Making of the Constitution of the United States 100 A.M. Thomas The Strategic Culture of Pakistan: Role of the Pakistani Army and Policies towards Afghanistan and India 121 Rhea Abraham Discrimination of Postmodernisms 136 P.P. Raveendran Neoliberal Citizenship at Stake, Withering Away of Privacy: A Foucauldian Analysis of Aadhaar 152 Akhiles Udayabhanu Spatialising the Contemporary Urban Order 164 Mathew A. Varghese De-Romanticizing ‘Secular’: Political Theology of Dawla Madaneyya in the Post-Spring Arab World 177 M.H. Ilias The Vices of the Tongue 192 Jennifer Macklem Status of Women in Islam: An Analysis of Ayatollah Mutahari’s Views 200 Musthafa Farook P. Revisiting the Camp David-I Peace Process: A Prelude to Conflict Resolution in the Fertile Levant 208 Samuel J. Kuruvilla Mappilas and the Political Engagements: Myth and Reality 223 M.P. Mujeebu Rehiman Political Islam, Violence and Civil Society in Pakistan 238 K.M. Seethi Ethnic Nationalism and the Formation of Korean Identity 248 Sreejesh N.P. Marginalisation, Identity Politics and New Social Movements 268 Sunil Kumar K & K.M. Seethi Discontinuties of ‘Indian Secularism’ and Dilemma of Post-secular discourses in India 293 T.K. Jabir The Dragon in the Desert: Growing Chinese Foot Print in West Asia 307 Ashok Alex Luke TRIPS to TRIPS-Plus: An Overview of the Indian Generic Drug Industry & Some Newfound Hurdles 319 Geethika G. 4 Afghanistan after American Drawdown: Implications for India 337 Vinay Kaura The Fragility of Iraqi State and the Current Crisis 353 Anish K. When the Despots are Deposed: Developments, Differences and Difficulties in the Transition of North Africa 370 Lirar Pulikkalakath Genealogy of the Idea of ‘Pakistan’ 384 Mathew Joseph C. Colonial Integration and Post-Colonial Disintegration: A Study of Assam in Conflicts 390 Bitasta Das About the Authors 404 5 Editorial Indian Journal of Politics and International Relations (IJPAIR) enters the sixth year of its publication, which also marked 30 years of the establishment of the School of International Relations and Politics (SIRP), Mahatma Gandhi University, Kerala. The Editorial Board of IJPAIR, therefore, decided to bring out a “30 Years’ Commemorative Volume” (Vols. 5-8) focusing on a wide range of issues at the national, regional and international levels. It is almost a quarter century since the end of the Cold War. In the years following the events of 1989, the policy makers and academics across the world debated so much about the nature and characteristics of the emerging global system. In fact, nobody had anticipated the disintegration of the Soviet Union and the eventual collapse of the socialist bloc. Nor could many foretell the withering away of the revolutionary movements that Moscow had long backed. Having encountered all these ‘unexpected’ turn of events, scholars and policy makers started conceptualizing the pattern of international exchanges in diverse ways. Many argued that this marked the ‘end of history’ or the ‘triumph of liberal capitalism,’ or the emergence of a ‘unipolar world’ or the unfolding of a ‘complex world of interdependence.’ Then the situation began to change further and the modes of thinking became so problematic. Europe moved towards a much broader collectivity, the post-Maastricht Union; the Marrakech Declaration replaced the GATT facilitating a new international trade order; the United States’ pushed towards a new project of containment (of terrorism and fundamentalism); and the West, in general, indulged in a self-delusion of spreading democracies in the Arab world! Obviously, the major surprises in international relations since the end of the Cold War are not the ‘advance of liberal democracy’ and the ‘triumph of capitalism’ everywhere, but a return of the earlier forms of crises in governance and development across the world. The collapse of the Soviet State resulted in the emergence of new oligarchies, kleptocracies and ‘deep States’ that have at their disposal new tools of domination and control. The global financial crisis that engulfed the Unites States, 7 Europe and other parts of the world continued to affect the pace of globalisation. The momentum of Islamism has put millions of Muslims, who constitute a quarter of the world’s population, under the control of ‘deep state’ and more oligarchic hegemony. Ethno-linguistic groups, tribes, clans, and religious and social sectarian groups have become the decisive forces in the post-colonial and post-socialist states of Asia, Africa, Europe and Latin America. Ukraine, Iraq, Egypt, Syria, Lebanon, Libya, Thailand, Afghanistan, Sri Lanka and Pakistan are only a few examples. Russia’s power has declined considerably in the post-disintegration phase and its vulnerabilities have been increasing with its switch over to market economy in the 1990s. Though China has emerged as a major force in global power configurations, its internal stability is subject to the pulls and pressures within the system. Given the trends underway, it is most likely that a significant number of the world’s population will not be experiencing the ‘fruits’ of liberal democracy in the near future. This is due to a variety of factors – religious extremism, ethno-linguistic movements, tribo-cultural assertions etc – all accentuated by social divisions and widening inequality brought in by an all-pervasive neoliberal dogma which turns polities, economies and cultures upside down. There cannot be a system without the rule of law, without the instruments and institutions of governance that treat citizens objectively, without the subordination of the military to civilian control, without the regulatory agencies to keep economic and social exchanges transparent, without the social norms that sustain civic engagement and law-abidingness— without all of this, democracy will remain a distant dream. Having experienced many unpleasant episodes of political life within and across the world, we tend
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