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General Drafting This is a reproduction of a library book that was digitized by Google as part of an ongoing effort to preserve the information in books and make it universally accessible. http://books.google.com UCLA MAP LlbRARY REFERENCE ONLY al DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY TECHNICAL MANUAL IM 5-23ſ DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE TECHNICAL ORDER II] |-25-1 [3 GENERAL DRAFTING DEPARTMENTS OF THE ARMY AND THE AIR FORCE OCTOBER 1962 *TM 5–230/TO OO–25–103 Map TECHNICAL MANUAL librarv DEPARTMENTS OF THE ARMY NO. 5–230 -T- AND THE AIR FORCE TECHNICAL ORDER 3 & 2, NO. 00–25–103 i z- WASHINGTON 25, D.C., 29 October 1962 L º, º D. 3 GENERAL DRAFTING Paragraph Page CHAPTER 1. BASIC DRAFTING EQUIPMENT___________________________________________ 1–28 3 2. THE MEANING OF LINES Section I. The geometry of lines -------------------------------------------------------- 29–30 11 II. Construction of straight lines------------------------------------------------- 31–35 11 III. Construction of curved lines-------------------------------------------------- 36–37 13 IV. Line weights and conventions------------------------------------------------- 38–47 16 V. Use of scales---------------------------------------------------------------- 48–52 22 CHAPTER 3. LETTERING Section I. Freehand lettering requirements_-____________________________________________ 53–58 27 II. Freehand letter formation---------------------------------------------------- 59–64 30 III. Mechanical lettering--------------------------------------------------------- 65–67 36 CHAPTER 4. ENGINEERING CHARTS AND GRAPHS Section I. Graphic presentation of engineering data______________________________________- 68–70 39 II. Technical charts ------------------------------------------------------------- 71–81 40 III. Display charts--------------------------------------------------------------- 82–88 45 IV. Training aids---------------------------------------------------------------. 89–93 51 CHAPTER 5. GEOMETRICAL CONSTRUCTIONS_________________________________________ 94–123 54 6. VIEWS AND PROJECTIONS Section I. Orthographic projection------------------------------------------------------ 124–127 64 II. Third angle projection------------------------------------------------------- 128–133 65 III. Views ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 134–137 68 IV. Lines in orthographic projection----------------------------------------------. 138–142 70 V. Circles, ellipses, and surfaces----------- --------------------------------------- 143–145 71 VI. Auxiliary views.------------------------------------------------------------- 146–154 72 VII. Section views.------------------------------------------------------------–––. 155–161 77 VIII. Isometric drawing----------------------------------------------------------- 162–169 81 CHAPTER 7. DIMENSIONS AND NOTES Section I. Dimensions-----------------------------------------------------------------. 170–179 87 II. Notes----------------------------------------------------------------------- 180–182 94 CHAPTER 8. TECHNICAL SKETCHES AND WORKING DRAWINGS Section I. Technical sketching–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 183–190 96 II. Working drawings----------------------------------------------------------- 191–209 102 III. Drawing reproduction-------------------------------------------------------- 210–217 110 CHAPTER 9. INTERSECTIONS AND DEVELOPMENTS__________________________________ 218–232 114 10. ELEMENTS OF CONSTRUCTION DRAWING______________________________. 233–264 127 11. CONCRETE AND MASONRY DRAWING Section I. Concrete-------------------------------------------------------------------- 265–272 159 Section II. Masonry-------------------------------------------------------------------- 273–281 168 CHAPTER 12. WOOD CONSTRUCTION___________________________________________________- 282–299 176 13. MACHINE DRAWING Section I. Screws, bolts, rivets and welds-------------------------------------------------. 300–304 191 II. Machine parts--------------------------------------------------------------- 305–310 201 III. Detail and assembly practices------------------------------------------------- 311–313 209 TAGO 10043A—Oct l Paragraph Page CHAPTER 14. STEEL FRAME CONSTRUCTION__________________________________________ 314–319 214 15. PLUMBING, HEATING, AND ELECTRICAL WIRING Section I. Plumbing------------------------------------------------------------------- 320–325 221 II. Heating--------------------------------------------------------------------. 326–333 226 III. Electrical wiring------------------------------------------------------------ 334–341 230 APPENDIX I. REFERENCES-------------------------------------------------------------------- 237 II. ABBREVIATIONS----------------------------------------------------------------- 238 III. MATERIAL SYMBOLS-----------------------------------------------------, ------- 240 IV. ARCHITECTUAL SYMBOLS_______________________________________________ _______ 244 V. PLUMBING SYMBOLS----------------------------------------------------- ------- 248 VI. HEATING SYMBOLS-------------------------------------------------------------- 256 VII. ELECTRICAL SYMBOLS---------------------------------------------------------- 258 INDEX ------ 260 | UCLA MAP LIBRARY RICHMED 3 FE3 288 2 | FILE LETTER AND NUMBER AGO 10043A CHAPTER 1 BASIC DRAFTING EQUIPMENT 1. Purpose neering drawing must present information con This manual provides information for the in cerning size and shape in a clear and precise struction of military personnel in general draft manner, so that craftsmen can use building ing procedures, and for the guidance of military materials to create the finished product specified personnel responsible for the supervision of by the designer. Special tools, or drawing in military drafting operations. struments, are used to record this language with the necessary accuracy, and simple techniques 2. Scope have been worked out for their successful use. a. This manual covers care and use of instru 5. Basic Equipment ments; line weights and conventions; freehand lettering; geometrical constructions and ortho Figure 1 shows the basic drafting equipment graphic projection; third angle projection; which is discussed in the following paragraphs. selection of views; charts and graphs; working An experienced draftsman would have use for drawings; notes and dimensions. It also covers all of the items shown and for many others not auxiliary views; isometrics; fasteners—screws, shown. rivets, and welding; detail and assembly draw 6. Drawing Board ing; developments and intersections; elements of construction and cartographic drawing; and A drawing board (A, fig. 1) is made with reproductions. strips of soft wood, usually white pine, glued together edge-to-edge to prevent warping. End b. The material contained herein is applicable cleats are attached to the board with tongue without modification to both nuclear and non and-groove joints to prevent further warping nuclear warfare. and to allow for expansion. For a right-handed 3. Recommended Changes draftsman, the outside edge of the left cleat is the working edge of the drawing board. The Users of this manual are encouraged to sub working edge must be tested periodically for mit recommended changes or comments to im straightness so that work will be accurate. prove the manual. Comments should be keyed to the specific page, paragraph, and line of the 7. Set of Drawing Instruments text in which change is recommended. Reasons should be provided for each comment to insure The set of drawing instruments illustrated in understanding and complete evaluation. Com M, figure 1, is standard issue and the tools are ments should be forwarded direct to Comman common to all sets of drawing instruments. dant, U. S. Army Engineer School, Fort Belvoir, a. Large Dividers. Dividers are used to trans Va. fer measurements and to divide straight or curved lines. 4. Language and Tools b. Large Compass. The large compass is made Engineering drawing, known also as techni to draw circles up to 10 inches in diameter. The cal drawing or drafting, has been called the needle in the pivot leg is reversible, and sepa graphic language of the engineer. It has definite rate pen and pencil attachments may be inserted rules of usage to insure that it has the same in the drawing leg. A lengthening bar is pro meaning wherever it is used. Anyone who learns vided for insertion in the drawing leg to permit the rules can read engineering drawings. Engi circles larger than 10 inches to be drawn. AGO 10043A & [. O. T} Os | * .# - [t - - • - - É : |- - --> - - tº "all - - --> - -º - - + - *--> t - -- I - I -- -- - |- * : * -: H - L -- - H. - * : * ~LN - H |- - L - - * Lºr ºlº-ru. *--A----- ** M. TR *... 4. l ...A - tw - - - |- - - - - I Fle Elliºr º - - - - - - |- I - tº: -5 Rºſſ «I do ui o \–1—” > -t-il-A J W º A ſ' —TNE sººt Figure 1. Basic drafting equipment. AGO 100.43A c. Bow Instruments. The bow dividers and board, or should be suspended from the hole in compasses used as above are capable of more the blade. The working edge of the T-Square precise adjustments than the larger instru should never be used as a guide for a knife. ments because of the side adjustment screw ar a. T-Square, Protractor Head. The blade is rangement. made of stainless steel and is fastened to an ad d. Ruling Pens. Ruling pens are designed for justable steel head (B, fig. 1). The blade has a ( rawing straight lines and for linking straight vernier corresponding to a protractor fastened º lines and noncircular curves. An ink reservoir
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