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Drafting Equipment Section 3.1 Board-Drafting Equipment Section 3.2 Computer-Aided Draft- Ing (CAD) Equipment

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Drafting Equipment Section 3.1 Board-Drafting Equipment Section 3.2 Computer-Aided Draft- Ing (CAD) Equipment 3 Drafting Equipment Section 3.1 Board-Drafting Equipment Section 3.2 Computer-Aided Draft- ing (CAD) Equipment Chapter Objectives • Identify and describe basic board-drafting equipment. • Describe types of drafting media. • Select the appropriate scales for architectural, mechanical, and civil drafting. • Describe the com- ponents of a CAD workstation. • Identify the three main types of CAD software. • Describe the char- acteristics of effi cient CAD furniture. • Identify CAD safety guidelines. Applying Skill and Patience Chadwick′s love of furniture design comes from his cabinetmaker grandfather who taught him the importance of skill, precision, and patience in using the tools of the trade. How do these qualities contribute to good design? 62 Courtesy Herman Miller, Inc. Drafting Career Bill Stumpf and Don Chadwick, Product Designers ‶We designed the [Aeron] chair… as a metaphor of human form,″ says Bill Stumpf. He and Don Chadwick won the Design of the Decade (1990s) award for their ergonomic chair, which is in the Museum of Modern Art′s permanent collection. ‶The only way to be sure a chair is comfortable is to actu- ally sit in it…,″ Chadwick says. Stumpf and Chadwick needed to develop a new material for the Aeron because foam, traditional chair padding, can cause skin temperatures to increase by as much as 20%. They solved the problem by design- ing Pellicle, a lattice-like material that promotes air circulation and helps evenly distribute weight. Academic Skills and Abilities • Problem identifi cation, formulation and solution • Mathematics • Reading/language arts • Creative thinking • Reasoning Career Pathways Science clubs, Boys & Girls Clubs, and high school technology camps are among organizations that provide programs for high school students to participate in hands-on science projects. Go to glencoe.com for this book’s OLC to learn more about Bill Stumpf and Don Chadwick. 63 3.1 Board-Drafting Equipment Connect As a beginning drafter, you will need to purchase your tools. Which tools do you think are important to include in your basic board drafting kit? Content Vocabulary • drawing • T-square • irregular • vellum • dividers board • protractor curve • case instruments • compass • true edge • scales • template Academic Vocabulary Learning these words while you read this section will also help you in your other subjects and tests. • media • minimal Graphic Organizer Use a table like the one below to organize information on various types of board-drafting equipment discussed in this section. Drafting Machine Drafting Media Bow Instruments (functions) (types) (functions) Go to glencoe.com for this book’s OLC for a downloadable version of this graphic organizer. Academic Standards English Language Arts NCTE National Council of Teachers of English Conduct research and gather, evaluate, and synthesize data to communiate discoveries (NCTE) NCTM National Council of Teachers of Mathematics Mathematics Measurement Apply appropriate techniques, tools, and formulas to determine measurements (NCTM) 64 Chapter 3 Drafting Equipment that is placed on top of a desk or table. They Basic Board-Drafting are made so that they will not warp and so Equipment that the guiding edge, or true edge, will stay straight. The most basic boards usually mea- What is a common purpose of all drafting sure 18Љ ϫ 24Љ (460 ϫ 600 mm). Professional tools? boards are typically larger, however, and may Courtesy of Mayline Co., Ted Mishima Courtesy of Mayline Co., Ted While sketches can show a design idea be any size needed. in its initial develoment stages, fi nal draw- ings communicate technical information to T-Squares the people who design and manufacture the A T-square is a drafting instrument made product. They are made with drafting instru- up of a head that lines up with the true edge ments on drafting media or using a CAD of a drafting board and a blade, or straight- system. edge, that provides a true edge. Figure 3-2 Drafting instruments and equipment, as shows three types of T-squares. Most T-squares well as computer-aided drafting (CAD) sys- have plastic-edged wooden blades or clear tems, constitute the “tools of the trade” in the plastic blades with heads made of wood or engineering, design, and drafting offi ce. Being plastic. The most accurate ones use steel or able to identify them is the fi rst step in the aluminum blades with metal heads. process of learning to use them. You can easily check the accuracy of your Drawing Tables and Desks T-square (see Figure 3-3 on page 66). First, on a clean sheet of paper, draw a line along Drawing tables and desks come in many the drawing edge of the T-square. Second, different sizes and types. Figure 3-1 shows turn the drawing sheet upside down and line a typical drafting table. The table surface up the T-square’s drawing edge with the other should be cleaned daily to avoid transferring side of the line. If the drawing edge and the pencil graphite smudges onto your draw- line do not match, the T-square is not accu- ings. Some drawing tables can be adjusted for rate and should be replaced. either standing or sitting. Drawing Boards The drawing board is a large, fl at board on which you attach a drawing sheet to make Explain What is the T-square tool used for in a drawing. A drawing board can be the sur- drafting? face of a drafting table or a separate board HEAD BLADE Figure 3-2 Figure 3-1 T-squares are available in various styles and A typical drafting table materials. Section 3.1 Board-Drafting Equipment 65 Courtesy of Staedtler Inc., Courtesy of Vemco Drafting Products Corp. Drafting Products Courtesy of Staedtler Inc., Vemco AMOUNT OF ERROR Figure 3-5 A parallel-ruling straightedge is a convenient Figure 3-3 instrument that can save time. Check to see that the T-square is accurate. 80 90 I00 70 II0 I00 80 I20 60 70 II0 60 I20 I30 50 50 I30 I40 40 40 I40 I50 30 43° 30 I50 I60 20 20 I60 I70 10 I0 I70 I80 0 0 I80 Figure 3-4 Figure 3-6 A protractor is used to measure or lay out angles. An arm- or elbow-type drafting machine Drafting Machines A drafting machine combines the functions Parallel-Ruling Straightedges of the T-square, triangles, scales, and protrac- Many drafters prefer to use a parallel-ruling tor. Scales are used to lay off and measure dis- straightedge (see Figure 3-4). This device works tances. The drafting machine has arms that like the T-square but is attached to the drawing move these instruments in parallel positions board and slides up or down the board in par- to any location on the board. This lets you allel positions. This provides a true edge any- draw faster and more easily. where in the drawing area. Two drafting machine types are currently used. The arm- or elbow-type (Figure 3-6) Triangles uses an anchor and two arms to hold the pro- Drafters use two types of triangles in com- tractor and two scales. The scales are ordinar- bination with a T-square or parallel ruling ily at right angles to each other. straightedge to draw lines at various angles. The track-type drafting machine (Figure 3-7) The 45° triangle has one 90° angle and two uses a horizontal guide rail at the top of the 45° angles. The 30°-60° triangle has 30°, 60°, board and a moving arm rail at a right angle and 90° angles. to the top rail. It is specially adapted for wide drawings, but can also be used for regular- Protractors sized drawings. The scales should be cleaned A protractor is an instrument that is used with a mild soap and warm water daily. Also, to measure or lay out angles. Figure 3-5 shows check scales regularly for accurate alignment a semicircular protractor measuring a 43° angle. and adjust when necessary. 66 Chapter 3 Drafting Equipment Figure 3-8 Some examples of irregular, or French, Figure 3-7 curves Courtesy of Vemco Drafting Products Corp., Ann Garvin, Courtesy of Staedtler Inc. Drafting Products Courtesy of Vemco The track-type drafting machine Figure 3-9 Flexible curves for plotting smooth curves. Some drafters use “ducks” such as the one (the Figure 3-10 rectangular object) shown here, to position fl exible curves accurately. Templates are made for many diff erent uses and save a good deal of time. Other Basic Tools In addition to the equipment described adjusted to complex curved paths that may be thus far, board drafters use a variety of other diffi cult to draw using other types of irregular tools, instruments, and equipment. These curves. make up an important part of a board drafter’s everyday tool kit. Templates A template is a thin, plastic sheet with Irregular Curves holes cut in the various shapes a drafter Drafters use a tool called an irregular might need to draw. By tracing around the curve, or French curve, to draw noncircular holes, the drafter can quickly and accurately curves such as spirals and ellipses. These draw the shape required. Templates are avail- devices are made of sheet plastic and come in able with basic shapes, like circles, or for spe- different shapes, some of which are shown in cial uses, such as drawing bolt heads, nuts, Figure 3-8. and electrical, architectural, and plumb- Many drafters also use fl exible curves such ing symbols. See Figure 3-10 for several as those in Figure 3-9. Flexible curves can be different templates. Section 3.1 Board-Drafting Equipment 67 meter (1 m2). Sheet sizes are based on a Drafting Media length-to-width ratio of 1 to the square What qualities are important for drafting root of 2 (1:2).
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