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Masaryk University Faculty of Education Masaryk University Faculty of Education Department of English Language and Literature We, Band of Brothers in Arms Friendship and Violence in Henry V by William Shakespeare Bachelor thesis Brno 2016 Supervisor: Author: Mgr. Jaroslav Izavčuk Vladimír Ovčáček Prohlašuji, že jsem bakalářskou práci na téma ‘We, Band of Brothers in Arms - Friendship and Violence in Henry V by William Shakespeare’ vypracoval samostatně, s využitím pouze citovaných pramenů, dalších informací a zdrojů v souladu s Disciplinárním řádem pro studenty Pedagogické fakulty Masarykovy univerzity a se zákonem č. 121/2000 Sb., o právu autorském, o právech souvisejících s právem autorským a o změně některých zákonů (autorský zákon), ve znění pozdějších předpisů. Souhlasím, aby práce byla uložena na Masarykově univerzitě v Brně v knihovně Pedagogické fakulty a zpřístupněna ke studijním účelům. V Brně dne………………………….. Podpis………………………………. - 1 - I would like to express my gratitude to my parents and friends, without whose support I would never have a chance to reach this important point of my life. I would also like to thank Mgr. Jaroslav Izavčuk for his kind support, helpful advice, and patience. - 2 - Anotace Tato bakalářská práce analyzuje hru Jindřich V. od Wiliama Shakespeara, a to z hlediska násilí a přátelství, jakožto témat často se objevujících v této hře. Bakalářská práce je tvořena teoretickou a praktickou částí. V teoretické části je popsán děj hry a jsou zde také určeny cíle této práce. Dále jsou zde charakterizovány termíny násilí a přátelství a popsán způsob jakým bylo v renesančním dramatu vnímáno násilí. Dále jsem zde vytvořil hypotézu a definoval metody výzkumu. Na konci teoretické části je stručný popis historického kontextu, do kterého je tato hra včleněna. Praktickou část mé práce tvoří samotná analýza hry. Pro lepší přehlednost jsem začal výčtem postav objevujících se ve hře a jejich stručným popisem. Dále jsem se věnoval aspektům ovlivňujícím počátek války, analýze děje bojů ve Francii a úloze násilí a přátelství na celou hru. Součástí práce je i charakteristika postavy Jindřicha V. Klíčová slova Jindřich V, násilí, přátelství, literární analýza, Shakespeare - 3 - Annotation This bachelor thesis analyses the play Henry V by William Shakespeare from the perspective of violence and friendship. These are themes often appearing in the play. The bachelor thesis consists of a theoretical and a practical part. In the theoretical part is described the plot of the play and the goals of the thesis are set here. Furthermore, the terms Violence and Friendship are characterised here, and the way how Renaissance drama dealt with violence is described, too. I have also set a hypothesis and defined the methods of research here. In the end of the theoretical part there is a brief description of the historical context the play is set in. The practical part of my thesis consists of the analysis of the play. For better lucidity I have started with a list of the characters appearing in this play and their brief description. Then I have dealt with the aspects which determined the outbreak of the war, analysis of fighting in France and the role of violence and friendship in the whole play. A characteristics of Henry V is also a part of this work. Key words Henry V, violence, friendship, literary analysis, Shakespeare - 4 - Table of Contents Anotace ......................................................................................................................... - 3 - Klíčová slova ................................................................................................................. - 3 - Annotation .................................................................................................................... - 4 - Key words ..................................................................................................................... - 4 - Table of Contents ......................................................................................................... - 5 - Introduction .................................................................................................................. - 7 - Part I – Theory ............................................................................................................ - 11 - 1. Aims of the work ............................................................................................. - 11 - 2. Characterisation of violence ........................................................................... - 12 - 3. Characterisation of friendship ........................................................................ - 13 - 4. Violence in Renaissance drama ...................................................................... - 14 - 5. Hypothesis ....................................................................................................... - 16 - 6. Methods ........................................................................................................... - 17 - 7. Historical background of the play ................................................................... - 18 - 7.1. The outbreak of the Hundred Years’ War ............................................... - 18 - 7.2. Edward III .................................................................................................. - 18 - 7.3. Charles V ................................................................................................... - 19 - 7.4. Henry IV .................................................................................................... - 20 - 7.5. Henry V ..................................................................................................... - 20 - Part II ........................................................................................................................... - 23 - 1. The list of characters ....................................................................................... - 23 - 2. The outbreak of the campaign ........................................................................ - 25 - 2.1. The first chorus ......................................................................................... - 25 - 2.2. Act 1 – The outbreak of the war .............................................................. - 27 - 2.3. The incident with tennis balls .................................................................. - 32 - 3. The siege of Harfleur ....................................................................................... - 34 - 3.1. The siege ................................................................................................... - 34 - 3.2. Absence of post-siege violence ............................................................... - 38 - 4. The battle of Agincourt ................................................................................... - 41 - 4.2. St. Crispin Speech ..................................................................................... - 44 - - 5 - 4.3. Depiction of battle scenes ....................................................................... - 45 - 5. The character of Henry V ................................................................................ - 50 - 5.1. Youth and transition ................................................................................ - 50 - 5.2. Henry V after coronation ......................................................................... - 53 - 5.3. Henry V in France ..................................................................................... - 54 - 6. Friendship in Henry V .......................................................................................... - 56 - 6.1. Pistoll, Nym, and Bardolph .......................................................................... - 56 - 6.2. Scroope, Cambridge, Gray, and Henry V ..................................................... - 60 - 7. Conclusion ........................................................................................................... - 65 - 8. Bibliography ........................................................................................................ - 67 - - 6 - Introduction The life of Henry the Fifth, commonly known as Henry V, is a play written by English playwright William Shakespeare in 1599 (first folio1) and 1600 (first quarto2). It is the final part of Shakespeare’s tetralogy about the reign of the House of Lancaster over Britain, and his last English historical play. The preceding plays to this drama were Richard II, Henry IV, Part I, and Henry IV, Part II. Henry V, the main character, appears also in Henry IV, Part II as Prince Harry or Prince Hal. The whole tetralogy about the Lancaster reign is also called the Henriad, after the two most significant characters. There have been several editions made between 1599 and 1623. Scholars (Walter, Humphreys) agree, that the original text is the first Folio3 text, which has been written in spring or summer of 15994 (Walter, 11), and other versions have been derived from this original text later on. According to the edition by Sir Israel Gollancz from 18955, the earliest edition of King Henry the Fifth is a quarto published in 1600, with the following title: “The Chronicle History of Henry the Fifth with his battel fought at Agin Court in France. Togither with Auntient Pistoll. As it hath bene sundry times played by the Right honourable the Lord Chamberlaine his servants. London Printed by Thomas Creede, for Tho. Milling ton, and Iohn Busby. And are to be sold at his house in Carter lane, next the Powle head.
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