Wi n c h es ter

Ca th ed ra l

T h e R ev . Wi lli am

h m D en a . D B , .

Ill ustrated by Her bert Railton

° L n t o d o n ! I s b i s te r 69 C o. L d . 1 5 £5 1 6 T avi s tock S tree t Cove n t G ar d en

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Wi n ch e s te r Cath ed ral

R AV E L L E R S from London to the T an cient and once royal city of Win V chester get a very fine iew, as they draw near it, of a wide stretch of downs on both sides of the railway, but that on i - the left much the widest . The great sweep ing undulations of smooth green turf, with here and there a wood dotted over them, have been the scene of many a conflict in

n a olde d ys, and many legends and traditions

belong to particular sites . Half the counties of England claim the house of the tragedy

! of the Mistletoe Bough, but the village I of Owslebury, of which can see the church 9 W i n ch e ster C a the d r a l

tower and the windmill, claims to possess

r the fatal chest itself . More ce tain is the story that in this church the last Mass was sung in the days of Edward VI . The priest refused to give up the old service, and Sir

Thomas Seymour, brother of the Lord

Protector, dragged him from the altar and had him murdered there and then . This Seymour had enriched himself with the C property of the hurch, and every one of his children came to beggary . One conspicuous object has disappeared which I well remember on the most iso lated of these downs ! the Semaphore .

The roof of the house, which stood on the apex of the hill, was furnished with signals, and there was a continuous line of them all the way to London . They

1 i were established in 795 , in the per od of

i ntelli the great French war, to convey gence from Southampton and Portsmouth to London . The electric telegraph has superseded them, and most if not all of

no W i n ch e s t e r C a t h e d r a l these “ houses set on a hill have been pulled down . If we could take a bird’ s flight from our carriage window to the top of those downs, we should get a beautiful view . On one side is a great panorama of villages towards

T i ch b ou r n e Alresford and Alton, with down below us on the other side that long white streak amid the deep green is Southampton

Water, with the New Forest on the farther side of it and those do w ns beyond are the

s broad acres of Wilts, and with a gla s you can see Salisb ury spire . But I am letting imagination and memory run riot, for I am in the train and not on the Winchester downs . As the said train slackens speed we catch one glimpse, and only one, of the low central tower of the b Cathedral . Very little of the city is visi le

o from the stati n, for it lies in a hollow, and the shoulder of the hill which flanks the

Station Road on the city side hides it . But just for a moment let us change our I I W i nch e s t e r C a th e d r a l

a na o an d e r im gi ry r ute, com up the othe wa nar y from Southampton . The estuary rows into the clear sparkling river Itchen !

i ctu r not majestic like Father Thames, nor p esque with hills and deep reaches like the

Dart yet with a tranquil beauty of its own , with the rich meadows and villages on its banks . The down on our left, clothed as

u us al with short grass, and ever and anon

- showing a white chalk pit, is Hursley Down, and who that hears of Hursley will fail to associate it with the name of john Keble ! And so after a twelve -mile run we are once

more nearing Winchester, but the approach

on this side is one of rare beauty . Look at

that magnificent Norman church, with the

simple yet beautiful buildings around it, and

a n d the fine gateway, beyond it the meadows

and the shining river . That is the noble

. C hospital of St ross, the work of two of the most famous bishops of Winchester !

Henry de Blois, brother of King Stephen,

C e built the church, and ardinal B aufort the

1 2

W i nche s te r C a th e d r a l

“ ’ gateway and the Hundred men s hall .

St . Cross lies about a mile south of the city ! i mmediately after passing it we get a full V iew of the Cathedral in its vast massive

ness .

On alighting, we may go down the broad d but short Station Roa , to the site of the old

city wall, turn to the right along Jewry

Street, and so come into the middle of the

! High . But instead of this we will keep along a footpath beside the lin e over the

rising ground I have before mentioned . “ i This brings us to the top of the H gh ,

and we turn down it to the left . It is a continuous b u t not steep descent for the

whole length of the city . And Winchester High Street is the most picturesque that I know, at home or abroad . The upper street is not attractive till we come to the fine the West Gate, which marks line of the ancient wall on this side . Before passing th rough it we glance at the County Hall on our right . I S W i n che s t e r C a th e d ra l

The history connected with it is not al

C . together pleasing . harles I I had it in his mind to build a great palace here which should rival that of his brother (and

! IV . master) , Louis ., at Versailles There fi were to be ne roads and broad terraces, reaching down from the palace to the west C front of the athedral, in such wise as to make the latter a mere appendage to the royal residence . What a grievous burden the French palace was, and what a frightful

’ tragedy to the King s family it played no small part in producing, history knows too well . England was perhaps spared a like

’ r fli tragedy by the p o gate King s death . The part which he b uilt is now turned into the barracks . But in the ancient hall adjacent c hangs the elebrated Round Table at which , so legend tells, the knights of King Arthur

s sat . On the site of thi hall William Rufus ff held godless festival, and in it judge je reys sentenced Alice Lisle to death . As soon as the West Gate is passed the

1 6 Wi n che st e r C a th e d r a l picturesque character of the street becomes manifest . The buildings are not stately ! but the gables and varied heights, the low

c arcades, the great proje ting clock, the

! - en graceful Butter cross, all present an chanting appearance ! the more so because some of the best shopkeepers have preserved the quaint fronts which were good enough for their forefathers, and have not been

- bitten by the desire for plate glass . One of the most old -fashioned shops formerly b e longed to one who is said to have been the most prosperous tradesman in Winchester . However have you been able to make so much money said a friend to him . By always charging very high, and bowing very

! low, was the unhesitating answer . We descend the High Street as far as the

- Butter cross, and examine it at leisure . Its surroundings are almost as picturesque as

“ ! itself . Look at that Piazza, formerly

“ ! better called the Penthouse, the houses overhanging the street, the odd gables and I 7 Wi nche st e r C a th e d r a l

ar - s a b geboards and rough ridge tiles, and y what Continental city has a more perfect setting for a piece of beautiful architecture . There is no written record of the origin of this cross . Its details prove it to be of the

fifteenth century, and we may take it for certain that it w a s the work of Cardinal

Beaufort, who was zealous for such erec tions . The popular name has been explained as owing to its having been paid for b y licences to eat butter in Lent, like the

“ ! t - C But er tower in Rouen athedral . Against this others al lege that the name simply refers to th e steps having b een used on market days for the dairymen to pu t their

T h e b e butter upon . fact deserves to recorded that in 1 770 Winchester actually had a town council who sold the cross to the Paving

C n ommissio ers for its materials, and it would there and then have b een broken up had not the indignant b urgesses arisen and pre vented the outrage . A queer little archway close by the cros s

1 8

W i n c he st e r C a th e d r a l

would lead us into the Cathedral yard, but instead of entering it we pass on down the

High Street . At the bottom is the very

not handsome new Town Hall, which need

b . detain us, and just eyond that is the river

Here is the bridge that spans it . It is the site of one of the many picturesque legends

’ of St . Swithun, that of the old woman s b roken eggs, which he restored to her . But it also marks the former limit of the naviga ili b ty of the Itchen . This river used to be popularly called, and may be so still for

“ ! I th e i . aught know, barge r ver But the b arges, which used to come up from South ampton laden with coals and heavy mer ch a ndi s e , are all at an end, thanks to the

South Western Railway . Every one of the old locks is in ruins, and the Itchen is now only a fishing river . Here then we get the reason of the site of the ancient city . Dr . Kitchin, sometime Dean of Winchester but now Dean of

Durham , in his short but masterly history

2! W i nch e s t e r C a th e d r a l

of it, dwells upon the fact that it is really C the end of the practicable valley . omers C up from the sea, first elts, then English ,

reached thus far, and here under shelter of

the downs built their inland city, known in

the earliest records as Gwent ( ! White City)

“ ae Ven ta B el a m m . of the Belg , g The white

probably refers to the chalk escarpment,

V l S l b le on all sides . Immediately beyond

’ Giles s the bridge St . Hill rises abruptly in

front of us, and the city ends, the road

turning left and right, the former over

Magdalen Hill to Alresford, the latter to

Southampton .

n Retraci g our steps now to the cross, we turn into the little Square, as it is called, C leading to the athedral yard, and pass the quaint church of St . Lawrence, popularly believed to be the mother church of Win chester . There is no real evidence of this, but the belief is recognised by the fact that the bishops ar e sworn in there before going in procession to the Cathed ral to be en

22

W i nche ste r C a th e d r a l Norman simplicity almost as Bishop Walke lin left them eight hundred years ago . It is all very grand and solemn in the still

b u t churchyard, the visitor at first sight would hardly p u t this in the first rank of cathedrals . There is not the grace of Salis

Li ch field bury, nor the rich ornament of , nor the stately towers of Canterbury and ! ork, nor the splendid situation of Durham and Lincoln . Massive grandeur, but not beauty will be his first judgment, but let him suspend that judgment till he gets inside ! l meanwhile we wi l walk round the exterior .

s We pa s the west front, which has a large

Perpendicular window, and doorways of

- curious sharp pointed arches . These are the work of Bishop Edyn gd on (middle of four tee n h t century) . Then we come at the south -west corner to a narrow passage which C conducts us round into the athedral close . ! This passage, called the Slype, was con

l f D h s lei deu r a S ype [c . utc p s e cret d oor ! s lei hol a orner to ree nto s lu en to s nea p c c p i ! p k,

24 W i n ch e s t e r C a t h e d r a l structed by Bishop Curle in order to save the Cathedral from the desecration of a footway which went through it . It has these curious inscriptions upon i t

3 IL L \ P R EC\ AC AT O R A M B UL A H / v r/

Wor s h er Illa recator h a c v ator a m ul a . c p , i b ipp ,

o th a wa tra eller g t y ! v ,

ca s s r'r CO M M UNI P R OP R I U M J AM

PE R G IT E ! UA u s .

Pr va te r h t h a s eld ed to u l now o i ig yi p b ic , g

h a wh h i e t e w y ic s open to th e .

S \ A 0 120 F / I S T /

Let th at wa b e s a r e d to th e h o r a n d th s y c c i , i ! mad e h andma d to h e m r e - l a e i t a k t p c .

Entering the Cathedral close we have the great nave north of us, and south transept and the deanery on the east . Here then, as

’ to s l a a s s a e etween two wall s —E nc clo wd zc ip!, p g b . y p

D ictiona ry . 25 W i nche st e r C a th e d r a l

we stand in the close, is the best place for l sketching the history of the Cathedra .

B ir i n u s s , the apostle of Wes ex, came 6 hither in 34, but though Winchester was then the royal city, he went on further, to Dorchester on the Thames ! there fixed his see, and there baptized the West Saxon king . At that moment the latter was hoping to

r push his dominions further no th, into middle England, but was disappointed in 6 6 that hope, and before long (in 7 ) the see was transferred to Winchester . A cathedral was built and a monastic house was attached to it . When Egbert, the King of Wessex,

8 2 became King of all England, in 7, Win chester participated in his greatness . He died nine years later a n d was buried in the C athedral . A mortuary chest is still to be seen bearing his name, but more of that presently . Soon after his death came an evil time, that of the invasions of the Danes, but the resist

Eth elwu lf ance made by his son, , to these

26

W i nche st e r C a the d r a l

fierce invaders added glory to Winchester, for while other kingdoms of the Heptarchy came to grief, Wessex still held up its Eth l head . e w u lf had a wise counsellor in his bishop, St . Swithun , who persuaded him to b uild a strong wall round the Cathedral precincts . More than once that wall saved the Cathedral from being harried . The

Danes burnt Canterbury Cathedral, but not

Winchester . And that wall, now more than a thousand years old, is still to be seen, or one reared on its foundations . In “ C ! the illustration showing the lose Gate,

’ we see the way through King Eth elw u lf s wall into the street on the south which was the termination of the city on that side . The street is well called by the name of

St . Swithun, and a very curious little church over an archway just outside is dedicated to him . Nothing of the Cathedral of that date remains, though its records are many .

Notably the burial of St . Swithun, first in 29 W i nch e s t e r C a th e d r a l the Cathedral yard somewhere near th e

- w north west tower, after ards in the church C itself, and the stories of anute, of !ueen

Emma and the hot ploughshares, of Earl

c Godwin, of Dunstan and his forcing monasti rules upon the reluctant clerics, all antedate this church as we see it now . Its founder

’ ’ Walkeli n C was , the onqueror s cousin, and the simple yet majestic Norman tran septs are the portions of his work which remain . This close in which we are standing is the part most connected with mediaeval

Winchester, for in and around it was the h ancient monastery of St . Swithun, from whic

C . the athedral was served Here, in the angle

of the transept and nave, were the cloisters .

’ r The present Deanery was the prior s refecto y, and its fine timb er roof now covers dining

- room, drawing room, and three bedrooms .

The beautiful doorway, with its three arches, is supposed to have been the work of Bishop

Godfrey de Lucy . Here the pilgrims, who 30

W i nche s t e r C a th e d r a l

Winchester . Now the head of the monastery was th e bishop he was its abbot, as well as bishop of the diocese and his representative in the monastery, ruling as his deputy, was the prior . When the change came, there fore, to these, and the monks were turned out, secular canons took their places, and the

Pr i or Dea n became . Kingsmill, who had been

’ Prior of St . Swithun s, became the first Dean of Winchester . This is how it comes that such ancient cathedrals as Canterbury and Winchester are said to be of the new found ation .

But to resume our history of the building .

’ In 1 1 07 Walkeli n s central tower fell in there were people who said it was because the church had been profaned by the burial of the wicked Red King in the chancel . It was built up again , but it is impossible to say how . Other works were in hand which claimed precedence, notably the removal of the New Minster from the Cathedral yard to

Hyde Meadow, in the north part of the city , 32 W i n ch e st e r C a th e d r a l and the foundation of the first of the Cis ter

cian . abbeys, at Waverley, near Farnham f d These were the work of Bishop Gi for ,

’ Walk li n e s successor . The frightful civil war between Stephen and Matilda was nowhere felt more than at Winchester ! half the city was burnt down in the course of it, but,

th e C . happily, athedral escaped The bishop

’ at that time, Henry de Blois, King Stephen s brother, was able, rich, ambitious . He changed from one side to the other, not recklessly, but because both parties in turn angered him by bad management and cruelty . He did some

noble things, and, as Dean Kitchin observes, “ is in some ways the greatest of Winchester

! bishops . We have before alluded to his

. C foundation of the Hospital of St ross . The C present athedral owes to him two features . The one is the chest of relics which h e placed

th e r in c ypt ! the other is the beautiful font,

similar to three others in the county, and unlike any other anywhere else in England

a square base, on which stands a thick 33 W i n ch e s t e r C a th e d r a l

circular shaft, and four smaller ones at the

corners, supporting the bowl, which has a

square exterior and circular basin . The

material is black marble, and the sides are

two deeply carved, in the Winchester font

with symbolic figures, the others with inci

s dents from the legendary life of St . Nichola f of Myra . The subjects di fer in the other

r w fonts . Their histo y is un ritten . The guide books have followed one another in saying

“ ’ Walkeli n s that they are, no doubt, of time !

sa but there is a great deal of doubt, to y the

. z least The carving seems to be By antine,

- and a well known antiquary, Mr . F . J. Baigent, who has made almost a life -study of Win

chester records, has found evidence which satisfies him that they were the gift of Bishop

Henry de Blois . But controversy is still

active on this question . The next great name in the history of the C athedral is that of Bishop Godfrey de Lucy,

1 200 who, in the year , began to remove the Norman east end and to rebuild it in the 34

Wi nch e s t e r C a t h e d r a l

beautiful Early English style then in vogue .

e It is well known that in the olden tim , when

repairs or additions were made to churches,

the builders did not go on the original plan, h but adopted the style t en in use . But Bishop Godfrey made one notable exception

to this practice . He is said to have rebuilt

’ Walkeli n s tower, and, out of respect to his m emory, to have followed the old Norman

plan . His work in the Cathedral was not his

e only b nefaction to the diocese . He gathered the waters of the Itchen to a head at Alres

fi sh - ford, and so made a prolific pond ! and it was he who made the river again navigable

from Winchester to the sea . His new work C at the athedral, as will be seen at a glance,

W lk li n is much lower than that of a e . The

b u t frontispiece shows that, it will also be seen that this picture does not show the east end as Lucy left it ! for there are Perpen l d i cu ar windows . When they were added we shall see later, but the core of the

as . building, seen from the inside, is his 37 Wi nch e st e r C a th e d r a l We come now to the Perpendicular

builders, and the wonderful metamorphosis ff which they e ected . There were two of them — — Edyngd on ( 1 345 1 367) and William of — Wykeham ( 1 367 1 404) -and to their imme

diate successors also, one after another, the C athedral and city owe very much .

Ed n d on y g set himself to restore the nave,

as Lucy had done the east end . He pulled down the Norman w est front and rebuilt it “ b to a as it is, and he had egun go e stward,

s but died before he had made much progres . The name of his successor is that of one of

the most splendid builders in our annals . William of Wykeham w as a native of the

county, who had been placed at school in Winchester by the bounty of a rich man who

recognised his ability . The boy in due

course took minor orders, but had never

ar been to a university, and was never a le ned man but his talent for mathematics and for

! Ru s kin in hi s S tones of Venice makes a on it furiou s atta ck up . 38

W i n che s t e r C a th e d r a l that it is difficult for a while to realise th at

one is only a modification of the other . Details can only be mastered by a personal visit, but Professor Willis, in his careful

on monograph on this cathedral, shows how close examination you may find some of th e

Norman work still existing .

So, with a few minor alterations, yet to b e C m named, Winchester athedral took the for

th e which it has retained ever since , and visitor entering at the west door sees before him the joint work of Walkeli n and William

of Wykeham . It is a vista of magnificence

which, almost like the first sight of the sea

r or the Alps, impresses itself on the memo y

’ for one s life . The wooden screen shown in

our sketch of the choir is modern, the work

of Sir Gilbert Scott, and is a joint memorial

to Bishop Wilberforce and Dean Garnier . Of the Perpendicular window in the distance and the screen below it we will speak pre h s ently . But let the reader understand t at that distant window is by no means the east

40 W i nch e s t e r C a th e d r a l

’ en d . Godfrey de Lucy s beautiful work is all behind it, clean out of our present vision . By stepping, however, into one of the aisles we can get a good idea of the

n extraordi ary length , though nowhere can we see from end to end . But the noblest work of Wykeham was

C m a n ifi not his restoration of the athedral , g

n of cent as that was . His fou dation New

C - ollege, Oxford, and of the world famed school at Winchester, has won for him the

“ name of fou nder of the English pub lic

! school system . These are works which do not come within the scope of these pages ! we can only say that no visitor to Winchester should fail to pass out of the Close b y the gateway which we have already presented to

e the r ader, and keeping along the outside

wall eastwards, ask to be allowed to visit ’ ’ C ! Wykeham s glorious St . Mary s ollege .

Nor must he omit another pilgrimage,

. C namely to St ross, which Henry de Blois

’ founded, and to which Wykeham s successor,

4 1 W i nch e s t e r C a th e d r a l

C ardinal Beaufort, made such grand addi

’ tions . He will enter Beaufort s gateway, call

’ r at the hatch for Beaufo t s dole, and receive a piece of b read and a horn of “ home

! e brewed . And if his beli f in the communion of saints take this form he will say a R equ i esca n t for the souls of the founders before committing himself to the guidance of one of the brethren, in their long coats with the Maltese cross on their breasts, to go rou nd and see what noble deeds those men

of old wrought . Truly the roll of Winchester bishops all through the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries

is a splendid one, and the very mention of it is the proper introdu ction to two special C features of the interior of the athedral,

u n which, if not absolutely unique, are speakably superior in kind to anything else

in England . But first let us set down the succession for the hundred years after Beau ’ — fort s death William of Way n flete ( 1 447 Peter Courtenay ( 1 487 Thomas

42

W i nche s t e r C a th e d r a l

Langton ( 1 493 Richard Fox ( 1 5 0 1 Cardinal Wolsey ( 1 5 28 - 1 5 3 1 ) Stephen Gardiner ( 1 5 3 1 What a wonderful roll it is ! But our immediate concern is with the Cathedral building . Take first

C r ou tenay . He was a member of the noble family of that name, still held in honour in

‘ Devon, and was translated from Exeter . But he was almost worn out when he came

r here, and died in a few yea s . (By the way, let it be noted that the three bishops preced ing him had ruled the diocese for one m hundred and twenty years . Within the sa e time following them there were thirteen . ) Bishop Courtenay added another bay to the

’ u C east end, to Bishop L cy s Lady hapel . And b y doing so he made this cathedral

’ longer than St . Alban s Abbey, which had hitherto been the longest church in England in fact, the longest cathedral in the world,

’

. C except St . Peter s at Rome ourtenay was buried in the Cathedral ! but as there is no tomb to him, the Devonshire people used to

45 W i n che st e r C a the d r a l

cling to the idea that he was laid among his

1 88 ancestry at Powderham . I n 5 , however, his coffin was found in that part of the

C a n d athedral which he had built, there is now a handsome altar -tomb enclosing this f T co fin . Then Langton . His prior was homas

Hunton, and between them they added some very charmi n g work to the south side

of the Lady Chapel . The guides show you

the rebuses of their names in the vaulting ! the musical note called a “ long in a tun

for Langton , and a hen on a tun for ilk n . S s ted e Hu ton Next Fox, whose prior, was also a great improver of the Cathedral . The fine pulpit is his ! it has a skein of silk and a steed as his rebus . There is a chapel

’ in the south transept called S ilks ted e s

b u t n ot a chapel, it does ppear to have any work of his . But of Bishop Fox we have more to tell . We have already said there are two uniq ue C features in the athedral . Look at the screens at the sides of the choir, and the six

46

W i nch e st e r C a th e d r a l

three monks in prayer and some angels . It is startling to notice that the great builder bishop has cut away more than a third of

- the two nave pillars to make place for it . But he seems to have known what he was about, for there are no signs of breakage or

displacement of the structure . There are seven of these chan tries ! the two finest are those of Beaufort and Fox . Beaufort, it

b e will remembered, is cruelly represented by Shakespeare as dying in despair

’ ’ Lord Car d na l i f th ou th i nk s t on h ea ven s i , blis s H old u th h and ! ma e s nal of th h o e p y k ig y p . He d es and ma es n o s n i , k ig

’ Beaufort s last will, signed two days before his death, breathes a humble and pious C hope in the mercy of God through hrist . w Able and politically ise as he was, no one

can deny that he was ambitious and selfish . “ w “ One cannot, rites Dean Kitchin, look f at his e figy, as it lies in his stately chantry,

48 W i n ch e st e r C a t he d r a l

without noting the powerful and selfish

characteristics of his face, and especially the

- nose, large, curved, and money loving . The sums Beaufort had at disposal were so en ormous that he was the Rothschild of his

day . More than once he lent his royal masters enough money to carry them

! through their expeditions . Good old Bishop w l Fox, able, ise, sweet of temper, and great y

beloved by the citizens and monks, was

blind for ten years before his death , and was daily led into his chantry to meditate on the

past and future, and to listen to the chant of f the service . His chantry has no e figy, nor

’ ’ ’ Orlton s has Gardiner s, nor , nor Langton s . Gardiner had gone with King Henry in the

first days of the Reformation, but had become

alarmed by its course, and threw himself

n e tirely into the work of Mary . But there seems good reason to believe that he died with a good deal of Lutheran theology in his

soul . We cannot leave these chantries with out noting that they contain the tombs of

49 W i nch e st e r C a th e d r a l

’ s ome of the noblest of England s benefactors

- Wa n flete Wykeham, the school founder ! y ,

u C the fo nder of Magdalen ollege, Oxford, and of other good works besides Fox, the C C founder of orpus hristi and Beaufort, of

! C . the House of Noble Poverty at St . ross It is commonly said that they were saved from destruction in the Civil War by the

Parliamentarian captain, Fiennes, who was

s an old Wykehamist, and zealou on behalf of his Alma Mater . The royal dignity of Winchester waned as that of Westminster rose, but the city was much visited by monarchs all through the

n Middle Ages, and two royal marriages duri g that period were celebrated in the Cathedral .

Henry IV . married joan of Navarre there,

apparently as an act of civility to Wykeham , whom his father had uniformly persecuted ! I his namesake, Henry ., had married Saxon Matilda there ! and there Philip of Spain

r married ! ueen Ma y . The chronicle tells how,

h e coming up from Southampton in a storm, 50

W i n c h e s te r C a th e d r a l was received at the three -arched doorw ay of

“ the Deanery dripping wet and how there was a splendid procession through the western

’ door on the nuptial day . ! ueen Mary s chair is one of the objects shown by the Cathedral

. S u n t la cr maz rer u m guides y . N O see can show so many b ishops who were canonised none has had so many bishops who were also Lord Chancellors .

There were eleven of them, the last being h Wolsey . It must e confessed that the roll of post -Reformation bishops makes a sorry

show as compared with their predecessors . Two worthy names are found in the seven

teenth ! century Lancelot Andrewes, who ,

however, is not buried here, but in St .

’ Saviour s, Southwark, and George Morley . It was a characteristic of the reformed faith w to bring the laity for ard, and bishops were

no longer the most prominent figures . As one w alks through the aisles and ponders on

the monuments of the later prelates, one sees

h istory not obscurely written on the stones . 53 Wi n ch e s t e r C a th e d r a l

’ Hoadl s Take y wretched memorial, with the C it Magna harta and the Bible engraved on , the crozier, and the cap of liberty . Another

“ terrible Whig preacher, but a mild and gentle nonentity, was Bishop Willis . His f e figy is on the south wall, and there is a tale that the artist, having forgetfully turned the w face westward instead of east ard, died straightway of grief . It is not true, for he

a lived many years fter . A similar legend is told of several statues on horseback, how the sculptor committed suicide because he had forgotten the stirrups . I have heard this

’

Iv . s C C myth of George statue at haring ross,

’ III s Peters field and of William . at .

It is significant, too, that in the latest monuments there has been a return to r e cumbent figures . Those of recent prelates have been a marked improvement on their

’ predecessors , and partly for this reason ,

r pa tly because of the Gothic revival, there has been this return . By far the most

’ elaborate is Bishop Wilberforce s in th e 54

Wi nch e st e r C a t h e d r a l

n ‘ south tra sept . It has a fine canopy and

rich ornament . The more reason for sorrow that the face is simply hideous through a flaw

l i f in the a abaster, looking as it was seamed

b . with scrofula, or disfigured y a great burn It is much to be wished that the head may

be removed and a fresh one substituted . We have only space to call attention to the flat stone close by which covers the remains of

Izaak Walton, and bears a pretty inscription

b - i n- y his brother law, Ken . Literature has

r another wo thy name here, that of jane C ’ Austen, and in the nave is buried owper s

U . intimate friend, William nwin Making a

tour through southern England, he was

z sei ed at Winchester with typhus fever, and

1 86 died in 7 . Never had the Cathedral a more z ealous

or a more wise custodian than Dr . Kitchin

r during his tenure of the deane y . To his love of the venerable pile entrusted to his guar dians h ip and to his reve rent car e of the me m or ials r ar e of its histo y, we indebted for a 5 7 W i nch e s t e r C a th e d r a l noble work of restoration . The magnificent screen, begun by Beaufort and completed by

r . Fox, is unsu passed by any work of the kind

The central figure was, of course, a colossal fi cruci x, and in perpendicular niches, arranged in three tiers, were figures of saints, eighteen larger, and between thirty and forty smaller . These were all destroyed in the sixteenth

z century, and the Dean ealously undertook the task of restoring their ancient splendour . The great cross in the midst still remains

b e blank . It will, we hope, before long,

filled with a figure of the Saviour, reigning w in glory from the tree, follo ing the more ancient idea of avoiding the depiction of ff su ering . The niches are all filled with

figures, first of those saints who are the inheritance of the Church at large— the — Apostles and the four great doctors, Augus

tine, Gregory, jerome, Ambrose . Then come

Biri n u s worthies of the see, St . , the first

e bishop, standing beside the figur of the

Virgin Swithun , patron saint of the church 5 8 W i nch es t e r C a t h e d r a l

Benedict, the founder of the order to which the Priory belonged Giles, the hermit saint who used to abide close by, but not in, the

a nd l wh o haunts of men, gives his name to the tall hill just outside the city, where in mediaeval times a great annual fair brought much money to the monastery . The ! ueen gave the figure of Edward the Confessor the colleges those of the respective founders, whose names we have already mentioned ! the Dean gave King Alfred, who , it will be b remem ered, lies buried in the city, though b the memory of the exact spot has een lost .

Later times are not forgotten, for there are — figures of Ken, Keble, and Walton not the least memorable of the many names asso ciated with the story of Winchester .

Pr mted b A LLANT ! N E AN S ON Co y B . H Lond on 6 ' Ed i n b u rg h

t h e Eavts tock B ookl ets .

In an B H dsome indi ngs . Each 1 5 . net.

( Pos t free, 1 5 . ad . ea ch )

n h i dr O C l en . B th e la e B OP O D y t ISH TH ROL .

a . On B ei n g Ill . B By the late ISHOP T HOROLD .

3 . On th e Los s of Fri end s . By the late BIS HOP T HOROLD

on . 4. On M ey l t B T By the a e ISHOP HOROLD.

. On th e A rt of L i vi n o eth r 5 g T g e .

B R . F. H RT N M .A. DD y O O , . .

On arri a e 6 . M g . B the la te B S T HOR LI) y I HOP O .

W h en th e W ors t C om t 7 . es o th e W ors t .

B R v. W. R ER TS N L e L D . y OB ON ICOLL,

o - c On L e tter W ri ti n g .

By the l ate BIS HOP T HOROLD .

9 . On Fri en d s h i p . By th e la te BIS HOP T HOROLD

Fou r Pi ll ars Of th e H om e . 1 0. T h e

B R F. H R T N M .A. D J) . y . O O , ,

To be f ol lowed by other s .

TER Co. Lt Covent Gard en London. ISBIS d . , “ (th e Gos p el aub th e a g e S eri es .

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EACH. EACH a By th e late ARCH BIS HOP MAC EE o B th e ate R GEE . t y l A CHBISHOP MA

! B th e ate AR C BI HOP GEE t y l H S MA .

! h B the ate R ev . Dr . H ENR ! AL LO . ! y l N n B the i h t R ev . D r . DON E L y R g ALD MACL OD

3 B the ev . D r . OII N L I PP ( y R J C ORD . l B th V r R v . h A . \ y e e y e t e DE N of EL!

0 0 B th e V en . th e AR E CON oi LO O y CHD A ND N .

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D . B h W . WS y t e R ev . J A ON

B th e R ev . 8 A . A E! N E R . A . y L A D , M

B th e R ev . anon KNox L TT E . A . y C I L , M

h G E H . M . A B t e R ev . H U PR UG H ES y H IC .

B V r R e v . th e DE A of U ES R y th e e y N GLO C TE .

B h . D . . E R y t e R ev r W ROB TS ON N ICOLL .

W . ! . . I K B th R . HA H A T E A e ev M . y M N ,

B th e R ev Dr . . F. H RT . y . R O ON

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t t oll O her 11q me! o f ow.

IS B S TER Co . Ltd . ovent Garden L n I C , o don. Episcopal p alaces Of Englano.

Ro al 8v0 ilt o a r n y . g t p , s. et.

By the late PRECENTOR VENABLES , M. A

AND OTHERS .

With an Etch ed Fronti s pi ece of Lamb eth Pala ce fr om th e Th ames ,

and over One Hundr ed Illu s trati ons by Al ex . Ans ted.

The DAIL! TELEGRAPH says One qf those boohs over whi ch the a nti qu a ry wi ll n er These ex cer ts show the i m a r ti a l ri t l i g . p p spi i n which the wor k i s wr i tten bu t the do not show t n , y he g e i a l mi n i s cences the lovi n s r i t i n wh c re , g pi i h the wr i ters dwel l on each i nter esti ng pa r t of the h i stori c f a bri cs a nd the mem i s t e r eca l l Wi th th se ev or e h . e er e abou n s y y pag d . des ti on a nd stor bei n a l z he a dmi r a l l l u r crip y g b e. 7 he i s t a ti ons a r e del ig htf u l sca tter ed a l l over the wor k a r e

arti s ti c en r a vi n s o ch a els tower s a tewa s wi nd ows g g f p , , g y , , a d l i ttle a r ch i tectu r a l mor sels wh i ch ( vet bod wi t a sou l n , y y h " ci n a r n r f or th i ng s qf a n e t t ca a pp eci a te .

The MORNING POS T says r i ch l i l l u str a ted a n d wel l -wr i tten wor h ma n A y . The y u l en r a vi n s a nd the ex cel lence o the a r a n d bea u tif g g , f p pe

t e a dd mu ch to the a ttr acti veness the vol u me bu t i t. yp , of . ch i e i nter est w i l l be ou nd i n i ts h i s tori ca l i n or ma ti on f f f , i ts bi o r a h i ca l n oti ce s i ts a nti u a r i a n lor e rts s ta ti sti cs g p , q , . a nd z ts a n ecdotes i n con necti on w i th the pa laces whi ch ha ve domi ci l ed f or cen tu r i es the B i shops a nd A r chbi shops of the n h A g l i ca n Ch u r c .

The soorsmfl says Wi th ut as w z th i n the book s wor th the theme o . i y of . Lover s of th e memor i es th a t a r e bou nd up wi th the g rea t n a mes a n d r a t s i tes i n the h s t the A n a n u r g e i ory of g li c Ch ch . a n d a dmi r er s o r a ce u l a nd s i r i ted d r a wi n wi l l tu r n f g f p g , over w i th pecu l i a r pl eas u r e the pag es of th i s bea u tif u l "

war h .

I S ndon . TER Co . Ltd . ovent Garden Lo BIS C .

T hi s b ook s houl d b e r eturn ed to th e L i b ra ry on or b e f ore th e l as t d ate am d b e l ow s t p e . A fi n e i s i n curred b y reta i n i n g i t n d th e s i fi e tim b ey o pe c d e . a n m l P l e s e r etur p ro pt y .

DUE JUN1 4 ’66 M