České Vysoké Učení Technické V Praze Fakulta Strojní

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České Vysoké Učení Technické V Praze Fakulta Strojní ČESKÉ VYSOKÉ UČENÍ TECHNICKÉ V PRAZE FAKULTA STROJNÍ 12 120 – ÚSTAV AUTOMOBILŮ, SPALOVACÍCH MOTORŮ A KOLEJOVÝCH VOZIDEL BAKALÁŘSKÁ PRÁCE 2017 Nekonvenční kolejové systémy Unconventional railway systems TOMÁŠ PODZIMEK FS ČVUT Bakalářská práce Tomáš Podzimek Ú 12 120 TZSI – BP – 2017 2016/2017 ZADÁNÍ 2 FS ČVUT Bakalářská práce Tomáš Podzimek Ú 12 120 TZSI – BP – 2017 2016/2017 PODĚKOVÁNÍ Touto cestou bych rád poděkovat panu Ing. Janu Kalivodovi, Ph.D. za odborné vedení, cenné připomínky, důležité rady a ochotu při vytváření této bakalářské práce. Mé poděkování také patří všem vyučujícím na Fakultě stojní ČVUT v Praze, kteří mi předávali své zkušenosti a znalosti. Po celou dobu mého studia měli trpělivost s vypracováváním studentských prací, a především mi byli ochotni vysvětlit jakýkoliv problém týkající se výuky. ANOTAČNÍ ZÁZNAM Jméno autora: Tomáš Příjmení autora: Podzimek Název práce: Nekonvenční kolejové systémy Rozsah práce: Stran: 67 Obrázků: 79 Grafů: 6 Příloh: 0 Akademický rok: 2016/2017 Studijní program: B2342 Teoretický základ strojního inženýrství Obor studia: 2301R000 Studijní program je bezoborový Ústav: 12 120 – Ústav automobilů, spalovacích motorů a kolejových vozidel Vedoucí BP: Ing. Jan Kalivoda, Ph.D. Zadavatel tématu: Fakulta Strojní ČVUT v Praze Klíčová slova: Železniční doprava, kolejové systémy, nekonvenční kolejové systémy, vlaky, železnice, tratě Key words: Rail transport, railway systems, unconventional railway systems, trains, railway, tracks 3 FS ČVUT Bakalářská práce Tomáš Podzimek Ú 12 120 TZSI – BP – 2017 2016/2017 ABSTRAKT/ABSTRACT Předmětem bakalářské práce Nekonvenční kolejové systémy je posoudit použitelnost nekonvenčních kolejových systémů v České Republice. Nejdříve je nutné provést rešerši těchto systémů, včetně jejich technických parametrů, aby se mohly rozdělit podle jejich použití. Je také nutné zjistit, jak si nekonvenční systémy stojí z ekonomického hlediska. K posouzení použitelnosti těchto systémů v ČR je nutné zvolit zástupce konvenčních systémů a porovnat je s nekonvenčními na základě provedené rešerše. Po vzájemném srovnání by mělo být jasné, jestli nekonvenční systémy mají své opodstatnění v ČR, což je cíl mé práce. The subject of the bachelor thesis Unconventional railway systems is assessment of usability of these systems in the Czech Republic. First, it is essential to make sufficient research of these systems, including their technical data, so it is possible to divide them into the categories depending on their use. It is also important to find out their economics. To be able to assess usability of these systems in the Czech Republic it is necessary to choose representatives of conventional railway systems and compare them with unconventional railway systems using data from the research. The comparison should give the answer whether the unconventional systems could be used in the Czech Republic, which is the goal of this thesis. PROHLÁŠENÍ O AUTORSTVÍ Prohlašuji, že jsem bakalářskou práci Nekonvenční kolejové systémy vypracoval samostatně pod vedením Ing. Jana Kalivody, Ph.D. za pomoci použitých odborných zdrojů a citované literatury. V Praze dne....................................... ………….………………………………………… Tomáš Podzimek 4 FS ČVUT Bakalářská práce Tomáš Podzimek Ú 12 120 TZSI – BP – 2017 2016/2017 OBSAH Zadání ..................................................................................................................................... 2 Poděkování............................................................................................................................. 3 Anotační záznam .................................................................................................................... 3 Abstrakt/Abstract .................................................................................................................. 4 Prohlášení o autorství ............................................................................................................ 4 Obsah ..................................................................................................................................... 5 1 Úvod ................................................................................................................................. 7 2 Vysokorychlostní nekonvenční systémy .......................................................................... 8 2.1 Maglev ...................................................................................................................... 8 2.1.1 Vývoj a historie ................................................................................................. 8 2.1.2 Princip pohonu a technologie ......................................................................... 10 2.1.3 Využití ve světě ............................................................................................... 13 2.1.4 Ekonomika....................................................................................................... 15 2.2 Hyperloop ............................................................................................................... 16 2.2.1 Vývoj a historie ............................................................................................... 16 2.2.2 Princip pohonu a technologie ......................................................................... 19 2.2.3 Využití ve světě ............................................................................................... 23 2.2.4 Ekonomika....................................................................................................... 25 2.3 Srovnání s konvenčními systémy a zhodnocení ..................................................... 26 2.3.1 Tabulka technických údajů ............................................................................. 27 2.3.2 Přepravní rychlosti a časy ............................................................................... 29 2.3.3 Zhodnocení ..................................................................................................... 32 3 Městské nekonvenční systémy ...................................................................................... 35 3.1 Monorail ................................................................................................................. 35 3.1.1 Vývoj a historie ............................................................................................... 35 3.1.2 Princip pohonu a technologie ......................................................................... 39 3.1.3 Využití ve světě ............................................................................................... 43 3.1.4 Ekonomika....................................................................................................... 45 5 FS ČVUT Bakalářská práce Tomáš Podzimek Ú 12 120 TZSI – BP – 2017 2016/2017 3.2 Kolejově vedený trolejbus ...................................................................................... 46 3.2.1 Vývoj a historie ............................................................................................... 47 3.2.2 Princip pohonu a technologie ......................................................................... 48 3.2.3 Využití ve světě ............................................................................................... 51 3.2.4 Ekonomika....................................................................................................... 53 3.3 Srovnání s konvenčními systémy a zhodnocení ..................................................... 53 3.3.1 Tabulka technických údajů ............................................................................. 55 3.3.2 Zhodnocení ..................................................................................................... 56 4 Závěr .............................................................................................................................. 57 5 Seznamy ......................................................................................................................... 58 5.1 Seznam obrázků ..................................................................................................... 58 5.2 Seznam grafů .......................................................................................................... 60 5.3 Seznam použité literatury ...................................................................................... 61 6 FS ČVUT Bakalářská práce Tomáš Podzimek Ú 12 120 TZSI – BP – 2017 2016/2017 1 ÚVOD Pod pojmem kolejová přeprava si pravděpodobně většina lidí představí klasickou železnici, kde je trať tvořena dvěma kolejnicemi, které slouží k vedení i nesení vozidla. Vozová souprava je tvořena buď lokomotivou, která táhne vozy, nebo samostatnou motorovou jednotkou. Tratě tvořené dvěma kolejnicemi se objevily už na přelomu 18. – 19. století. Systémy dnes využívající tento typ tratí označujeme jako konvenční. Tyto systémy dnes tvoří prakticky veškerou kolejovou dopravu. Můžeme se s nimi setkat v dálkové veřejné dopravě i městské hromadné dopravě. Konvenční kolejové systémy každý den přepraví miliony lidí po celém světe a nacházejí své uplatnění i v nákladní dopravě. Lokomotivy a motorové jednotky v minulosti využívaly parní pohon, ze kterého přešly na pohon spalovacími motory a dnes jsou nejčastěji poháněny elektřinou. Transportní systémy, které nevyužívají valení ocelového dvojkolí po dvou ocelových kolejnicích, avšak vozidla jsou vedena i nesena drahou, nazýváme nekonvenční kolejové, či nekonvenční drážní systémy. Obrázek 1: Typický nekonvenční
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