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Hyperloop, ¿El Transporte Del Futuro? Comparativa Y Análisis Dinámico

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HYPERLOOP, ¿EL TRANSPORTE DEL FUTURO? Jorge Martínez García COMPARATIVA Y 29 de junio de 2020 Tutores: ANÁLISIS DINÁMICO María Dolores Gómez Pulido Roberto Revilla Angulo Trabajo Final de Máster ESCUELA TÉCNICA SUPERIOR DE INGENIEROS DE CAMINOS, CANALES Y PUERTOS UNIVERSIDAD POLITÉCNICA DE MADRID Máster Universitario en Ingeniería de Caminos, Canales, y Puertos Hyperloop, ¿el transporte del futuro? Comparativa y análisis dinámico Contenido Índice de Tablas ............................................................................................................................. 4 Índice de Figuras ............................................................................................................................ 5 1 Resumen ................................................................................................................................ 7 2 Agradecimientos .................................................................................................................... 8 3 Introducción .......................................................................................................................... 9 4 Estado del arte ..................................................................................................................... 10 4.1 Sistema de propulsión y suspensión ............................................................................ 12 4.2 Velocidad ..................................................................................................................... 15 4.3 Tamaño del tubo.......................................................................................................... 16 4.4 Presión en el interior del tubo ..................................................................................... 17 4.5 Aceleraciones máximas ............................................................................................... 17 4.6 Geometría del trazado ................................................................................................. 19 4.7 Tipología estructural .................................................................................................... 21 5 Posibilidades de implantación en España ............................................................................ 22 6 Estudio comparativo ............................................................................................................ 23 6.1 Tiempo total de viaje ................................................................................................... 24 6.2 Coste del viaje .............................................................................................................. 26 6.3 Costes de construcción ................................................................................................ 26 6.4 Capacidad de la línea ................................................................................................... 27 6.4.1 Frecuencia ........................................................................................................... 27 6.4.2 Capacidad vehículo .............................................................................................. 27 6.4.3 Capacidad máxima ............................................................................................... 28 6.5 Eficiencia energética .................................................................................................... 29 6.6 Posibles afecciones por el exterior .............................................................................. 31 6.7 Seguridad ..................................................................................................................... 31 6.8 Integración en el entorno ............................................................................................ 32 6.9 Posibilidad de paradas intermedias ............................................................................. 32 6.10 Compatibilidad con la red existente ............................................................................ 32 6.11 Confort......................................................................................................................... 33 7 Diseño de un tramo de Hyperloop....................................................................................... 33 7.1 Programas informáticos utilizados............................................................................... 34 8 Bases de diseño ................................................................................................................... 34 8.1 Acciones permanentes ................................................................................................ 35 8.1.1 Peso propio .......................................................................................................... 35 8.1.2 Cargas muertas .................................................................................................... 35 Jorge Martínez García 1 Hyperloop, ¿el transporte del futuro? Comparativa y análisis dinámico 8.2 Acciones variables ....................................................................................................... 35 8.2.1 Sobrecarga de uso ............................................................................................... 35 8.2.2 Fuerza centrífuga ................................................................................................. 37 8.2.3 Viento .................................................................................................................. 37 9 Estados límites ..................................................................................................................... 40 10 Modelo de cálculo ............................................................................................................... 40 10.1 Módulo Parte ............................................................................................................... 40 10.2 Módulo Cargas ............................................................................................................. 43 10.2.1 Peso propio .......................................................................................................... 43 10.2.2 Sobrecarga de uso ............................................................................................... 43 10.2.3 Viento .................................................................................................................. 44 10.2.4 Condiciones de apoyo .......................................................................................... 44 10.3 Módulo Step ................................................................................................................ 45 11 Resultados ........................................................................................................................... 45 11.1 Características mecánicas ............................................................................................ 45 11.2 Estado límite de deformaciones .................................................................................. 47 11.2.1 Cargas permanentes ............................................................................................ 47 11.2.2 Sobrecargas de uso .............................................................................................. 47 11.3 Estados límites tensionales .......................................................................................... 49 11.3.1 Peso propio .......................................................................................................... 49 11.3.2 Sobrecarga uso .................................................................................................... 50 11.3.3 Sobrecarga de viento ........................................................................................... 51 11.3.4 Dimensionamiento en estado límite último (ELU) a flexión ................................. 51 12 Presupuesto ......................................................................................................................... 52 12.1 Solución de hormigón de 30 m .................................................................................... 52 12.2 Solución de acero de 30 m .......................................................................................... 53 12.3 Conclusiones ................................................................................................................ 54 13 Posibles líneas de investigación estructural futuras ............................................................ 54 14 Conclusiones ........................................................................................................................ 54 Anejo 1. Cálculos del estudio comparativo .................................................................................. 55 Tiempo de viaje ....................................................................................................................... 55 Coste billete ............................................................................................................................. 56 Coste de construcción ............................................................................................................. 57 Capacidad vehículo AVE ........................................................................................................... 58 Eficiencia energética ................................................................................................................ 59
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