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Expedice PARIS Obsah Expedice PARIS Obsah KATEDRÁLA NOTRE-DAME ........................................................................................................................... 8 MĚSTSKÁ RADNICE ........................................................................................................................................10 PYRAMIDA V LOUVRU .................................................................................................................................. 10 SACRÉ-COEUR ................................................................................................................................................. 13 Montmartre ..........................................................................................................................................................14 The Sacred-Heart Basilica of Montmartre ...........................................................................................................14 Čtvrť Le Marais ...................................................................................................................................................15 ČTVRŤ LA DÉFENSE ....................................................................................................................................... 15 Archa obrany - L'Arche de la Défense .................................................................................................................15 GÉODE ............................................................................................................................................................... 16 CENTRE NATIONAL D´ART ET DE CULTURE GEORGES POMPIDOU ..................................................16 EIFFEL TOUR .................................................................................................................................................... 17 VERSAILLES - ZÁMEK A PARK .................................................................................................................... 19 PASTIS - NÁRODNÍ PITÍ ..................................................................................................................................19 Defense.................................................................................................................................................................19 BASTILA............................................................................................................................................................. 20 Le Marais Bastille Republique............................................................................................................................. 21 Musée d'Orsay...................................................................................................................................................... 22 Orsay.....................................................................................................................................................................22 Etoile.................................................................................................................................................................... 23 Arc de Triomphe.................................................................................................................................................. 23 Palais Royal .........................................................................................................................................................24 Place Charles de Gaulle........................................................................................................................................25 Trocadera .............................................................................................................................................................25 Bois de Boulogne................................................................................................................................................. 25 Catacombes.......................................................................................................................................................... 25 Centre Pompidou..................................................................................................................................................25 Cimetière du Père Lachaise.................................................................................................................................. 26 Sainte Chapelle.....................................................................................................................................................26 The Basilica of the Sacred Heart ......................................................................................................................... 26 Chartres Cathedral ...............................................................................................................................................26 Muzeum................................................................................................................................................................27 Invalidovna...........................................................................................................................................................27 Pantheon = u yastavky metra cluny la sorbonne...................................................................................................28 Jardin des Tuileries ..............................................................................................................................................29 Assemblée Nationale - Palais Bourbon ............................................................................................................... 30 Auguste Rodin Museum ......................................................................................................................................30 Garnier Opera ...................................................................................................................................................... 31 Place des Vosge ...................................................................................................................................................33 Náměstí Svornosti – concorde.........................................................................................................................35 Radnice = Hôtel de Ville ................................................................................................................................ 37 Lucemburské zahrady = latinska ctrvt............................................................................................................. 38 Saint-Denis Basilica ............................................................................................................................................ 38 1 Není snadné napsat krátký úvod tohoto města, protože není mnoho měst jako Paříž, která se stala představitelem důležitých události, které změnily průběh historie. Její zakladatelé byli pravděpodobně Galové, kteří vytvořili malé urbanistické centrum na levém břehu Seiny. Později následoval příjezd Římanů veden Juliem Caesarem, který ve své knize De Bello Gallico opakovatelně toto místo nazývá Lutetia. Z důvodu pokračujícího a stále více vážnějšího nebezpečí barbarských vpádů, se toto první centrum přenese do Ile-de-la-Cité, odkud začne pomalé, avšak neustálé rozšiřování na břehy řeky. Nejdříve byla jednoduchým sídlem Merovingských a později Karolingských králů, avšak v roce 987 se Paříž stane pravým hlavním městem, když Ugo Capeto založil novou dynastii a povznesl město na takovou úroveň, kterou si udrželo a neztratilo v průběhu celé historie Francie. Od tohoto momentu byl zaznamenán progresivní vývoj města a to nejenom z hlediska urbanistického, ale i kulturního. Příchodem Filipa II. Augusta na trůn (kraloval zde od roku 1180 do roku 1223), poznala Paříž iedno ze svých nejkrásnějších období: byla započata stavba Louvre a v roce 1215 založena Universita. Nové krásy nabyla za království Ludvíka IX., Svatý od roku 1226 až do roku 1270, během kterého byla postavena Sainte Chapelle a nepřetržitě pokračuje budování Notre Damu. S následující dynastií Valoisů Paříž prožije jednu z nejsmutnějších stránek své historie: v roce 1358 viděla vzpouru vedenou představitelem pařížských obchodníků Etiennem Marcelem. Ta byla potlačena Karlem V., který dal postavit, mezi jinými, Bastilu, ale rnír netrval dlouho. Občanského boje mezi skupinami Armagnacchů a Borgognonů využili Angličané, kteří obsadili Francii s Jindřichem VI. korunovaným králem Francie v roce 1430 v Notre-Damu. Avšak v roce 1437 Karel VII. znovu vládl Paříži, ale nové a stále více krvavé vzpoury se střídaly s hroznými epidemiemi moru, které pustošily již vysílené obyvatelstvo. Pak po celé 16. století byla důležitost Paříže omezena a přednost bylo dána hradům v Loiře, v kterých měli svá stálá sídla různí králové Francie. Ale ani toto nepomohlo k utišení vnitřních problémů, které se vyskytovaly v Paříži. S rozšířením protestantského hnutí vypukl krvavý náboženský boj, který po dlouhý čas drásal Paříž a celou Francii. Vyvrcholil masakrem hugenotů 24. srpna 1572, slavná Bartolomějská noc. Po vraždě Jindřicha III. v St. Cloud, mladým Jacquesem Clémentem, bylo město obléháno po čtyři dlouhé roky a otevřelo své brány až Jindřichu IV., který se vzdal své původní naboženské víry a obrátil se na katolictví. Na počátku XVII. století má Paříž již 300.000 obyvatel. Město se stane stále důležitější kulturní
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