DOCSLIB.ORG

Curriculum Renewal in Translator Training

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Curriculum Renewal in Translator Training Curriculum Renewal in Translator Training: Vocational challenges in academic environments with reference to needs and situation analysis and skills transferability from the contemporary experience of Polish translator training culture John Kearns B.A. (First class hons.), M.A. Thesis submitted for the award of PhD in Applied Language Studies under the supervision of Dr. Heinz Lechleiter, School of Applied Language and Intercultural Studies, Dublin City University. Submitted for examination: July 5th 2006 Declaration I hereby certify that this material, which I now submit for assessment on the programme of study leading to the award of ph.D. in Applied Languages, is entirely my own work and has not been taken from the work of others save and to the extent that such work has been cited and acknowledged within the text of my work. Signed: LL. John Kearns (Candidate) ID number: 52154335 Date: July 5th 2006 2 Dedication For my late mother, who sort of initiated things. 3 Contents Contents 4 Abstract 7 List of Tables and Figures 8 List of Abbreviations 9 Acknowledgements 10 A Note on Terminology 11 URL Activity 12 Introduction 13 Chapter 1 Challenges Facing Translator Training: Current Thoughts on the State of Play 24 1.1 Translator Training and the Rise of Translation Studies 25 1.2 How It Should be Done: Some Attempts to Identify Challenges Facing Translator Training Over Thirty Years 28 1.2.1 Critiques of the 1970s and ’80s: Wolfram Wilss 29 1.2.2 Don Kiraly: Nine Challenges for Translator Training 34 1.2.3 The ECML Report 43 1.2.4 Anthony Pym’s Ten Recurrent Naiveties 49 1.3 Training on a Traj ectory 5 5 1.4 What Should be Done? Translator Training and Translation Studies 60 1.4.1 Holmes, Toury, and the Descriptive Orientation in Translation Studies 61 1.4.2 Conceiving of Translation: Descriptive Translation Studies and the Equivalence Postulate 64 1.4.3 Translation Studies and the Competence Debate: Pym’s Minimalism 67 1.5 Conclusion 74 Chapter 2 A Curriculum Studies Approach 77 2.1 What Is a Curriculum? 81 2.1.1 Hidden, Tacit, and Latent Curricula 83 2.1.2 Curriculum, Reform, and Ideology: Bobbitt and Dewey 86 2.1.3 Curriculum Ideologies beyond Bobbitt and Dewey 90 2.1.4 Curricular Outcomes: Goals, Aims, Objectives, and Competencies 95 4 2.1.5 Curriculum Guidelines and Their Functioning 101 2.1.6 Mossop contra Gouadec via Pym: Can a Minimalist Competence Constructively Inform Curriculum? 104 2.2 A Survey of Some Curricular Guidelines for Translator Training 105 2.2.1 Leila Razmjou: Guidelines for a Translation Curriculum in Iran 106 2.2.2 Gabr’s Human Resource Development Approach to Curriculum Renewal 109 2.2.3 Defeng Li: Market-Oriented Curriculum Development in Hong Kong 116 2.2.4 Margherita Ulrych: The Variety and Flexibility in How Others Do It 125 2.2.5 Dorothy Kelly: The State of the Art 131 2.2.6 Skilbeck, White, and Richards: Situation Analysis in Curriculum Renewal 142 2.3 Conclusion 147 Chapter 3 Needs and Situation Analysis for Vocational Training in the Academy: The Challenge of Transferable Skills 149 3.1 Needs Analysis 150 3.1.1 Introduction: The Nature of Needs and Needs Analysis 150 3.1.2 Stakeholders in Needs Analysis 158 3.1.3 Deciding on the Purposes of Needs Analysis 162 3.1.4 The Relationship between Needs Analysis and Situation Analysis 164 3.2 Situation Analysis 166 3.2.1 Societal Factors 167 3.2.2 Project Factors 168 3.2.3 Institutional Factors 169 3.2.4 Teacher Factors 170 3.2.5 Learner Factors 171 3.2.6 Adoption Factors 173 3.2.7 Profiling All the Factors 174 3.3 The Academic and the Vocational in Translator Training: Challenges for Needs and Situation Analysis 175 3.3.1 The Cultivation of the Mind and the Vocational Impulse 177 3.3.2 Against the Academic / Vocational Dichotomy 183 3.3.3 Academic Rationalism and Translators: At Your Peril! 190 3.4 The Challenge of Skills Transferability in the University Curriculum 196 3.4.1 The Example of Transferable Skills at UK Universities 196 3.4.2 Determining Transferable Skills Societally 202 3.4.3 Vocationalising Translator Training: Byrne’s Freelance Training and its Transferability Potential 205 3.4.4 A Starting Point for Translator Training: Transferable Skills in the Modem Languages Curricula 208 3.5 Conclusion: Learner Empowerment in Translator Training 213 5 Chapter 4 Guidelines in a Time and Place: Translator Training, Bologna, and Poland 216 4.1 The Bologna Process 217 4.1.1 Bologna and Action Lines for University Education 218 4.1.2 Criticisms of the Bologna Process 223 4.1.3 Bologna and Translator Training: The Germersheim Declaration 225 4.2. Coming to Terms with Bologna: Translator Training in Poland 235 4.2.1 Education in Poland 236 4.2.2 Poland and the Bologna Process: An Introduction 245 4.2.3 Polish and its Translation Culture 247 4.2.4 Translator Training in Poland: Recent Trajectories 258 4.2.5 Bologna Reforms in Philologies in Poland 266 4.2.6 Quo Vadis Germanistyko? 270 4.2.7 The Example of Torun 277 4.3 Conclusion 284 Conclusion: We Do Not Train Translators, We Teach Translation (And Other Things As Well...) 286 Bibliography 294 Appendix A Key Research Findings, Conclusions and Recommendations of the Surveys of Stakeholders in the Transferable Skills in Third Level Modern Languages Curricula Project Appendix B The Bologna Treaty Appendix C Germersheimer Erkldrung - Translationswissenschaftliche Studiengange und der Bologna-Prozess / The Germersheim Declaration: Translation and Interpreting Studies Programmes and the Bologna Process Appendix D Quo Vadis, Germanistyko? / Quo Vadis German Studies? 6 Abstract Curriculum Renewal in Translator Training: Vocational challenges in academic environments with reference to needs and situation analysis and skills transferability from the contemporary experience of Polish translator training culture John Kearns This work examines the principles underlying curriculum renewal for the training of translators. It considers recent work from Translation Studies on the nature of translation competence, arguing that a more dynamic understanding of the nature of translation must be reflected in a departure from traditional transmissionist pedagogical practices. Consideration of these issues in a curricular framework must also acknowledge the ideological potential of curricula themselves to prioritise certain relationships between the learner and society, relationships which are investigated from the perspective of a socially situated view of the translator. With regard to determining curricular orientation, a methodology of needs and situation analysis is suggested as a means of profiling essential characteristics of the translator’s work in specific contexts, informed by such issues as changing notions of translation, changing employment norms in the language services sector, locally prevailing norms in the educational environment, etc. Major issues impacting on the situational consideration of needs in translator training are examined, in particular the way in which the vocational / academic dichotomy may problematise training in academic environments. The notion of skills transferability is presented as a theme which is important both to the training of translators and to maximising social reconstructionist potentials in university curricula. In the final chapter, the issues presented in the first three chapters are discussed in relation to the challenges facing translator training in Polish universities with the implementation of Bologna Process reforms. In particular, Polish notions of academic and vocational education are analysed and the experience of one particular university philology is presented as a case study. The conclusion takes the themes discussed in the work and presents them in terms of the opposition between ‘training translators’ and ‘teaching translation.’ Future research trajectories are also proposed. 7 List of Tables and Figures Tables Table 1. Dollerup’s stages of language teaching and translation in society (Dollerup 1996) 56 Table 2. Stimulus questions from Innovation and E-Learning in Translator Training (Pym et al., 2003) 78 Figures Figure 1. Holmes’s ‘map’ of Translation Studies (Adapted from T oury 1995:10) 62 Figure 2. Comprehensive Quality Control Model (CQCM) (Gabr 2001a) 110 Figure 3. Gabr’s Cycle of Program Design and Development (Gabr 2001b) 111 Figure 4. Moustafa Gabr’s Model of Curriculum Development (Gabr 2001) 114 Figure 5. Kelly's curricular design process (Kelly 2005:3) 132 Figure 6. Summary of Skilbeck’s situational model for curriculum renewal 145 Figure 7. Adaptation of White’s and Skilbeck’s situational model of curriculum renewal (after White 1989) 146 8 List of Abbreviations AIIC International Association of Conference Interpreters CAT Computer Assisted Translation CIUTI Conference Internationale Permanente d ’Instituts Universitaires de Traducteurs et Interpretes [International Permanent Conference of University Institutes of Translators and Interpreters] CQCM Comprehensive Quality Control Model DCU Dublin City University DES Department of Education and Science (UK) EC European Community ECML European Centre for Modem Languages ECTS European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System [originally European Credit Transfer System] ELT English Language Teaching ESIB The National Unions of Students in Europe EST European Society for Translation Studies EHE Enterprise in Higher Education EHEA European Higher Education Area ERA European Research Area EUA European University Association FIT Federation Internationale des Traducteurs [International Federation of
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Study on the Size of the Language Industry in the EU
    Studies on translation and multilingualism o The size of the language industry in the EU European Commission Directorate-General for Translation 1/2009 Manuscript completed on 17th August 2009 ISBN 978-92-79-14181-2 © European Commission, 2009 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. %R7`V]Q` Q .V 1`VH Q`: VVJV`:C`Q``:JC: 1QJ Q` .V%`Q]V:J QII11QJ !1J:C0V`1QJ R$R% %R7QJ .V1<VQ` .VC:J$%:$V1JR% `71J .V .%$% .V:J$%:$VVH.JQCQ$7VJ `V R R 1J$ QJ1CC 1J$ QJ%]QJ.:IV %``V7 J1 VR1J$RQI 1118C:J$ VH.8HQ8%@ % .Q`7 `8R`1:JV 1JH.V.::.#1JQI]% : 1QJ:C1J$%1 1H``QI%QJJJ10V`1 75(V`I:J78 .V `Q%JRVR .V :J$%:$V VH.JQCQ$7 VJ `V ^_ 1J 5 : C1I1 VR HQI]:J7 G:VR 1J QJRQJ :JR 1JHQ`]Q`: VR 1J :.1J$ QJ #8 .J /]`1C 5 GVH:IV ]:` Q` : $`Q%] Q` HQI]:J1V%JRV` .V%IG`VCC:Q`/12#.3( R11 .#`811JH.V:I:=Q`1 7.:`V.QCRV`8 JRV`#`811JH.V;CV:RV`.1]5HQJ 1J%V QQ]V`: V::I%C 1C1J$%:CHQJ%C :JH75V`01HV :JRQ` 1:`VR1 `1G% 1QJHQI]:J71.V`V:Q` 1:`VRV1$J5RV0VCQ]IVJ :JR%]]Q` 1: `:J`V``VR Q/$1CVVGQC% 1QJ R811 .Q``1HV1JQJRQJ:JR%QJJ5(V`I:J78 #`8 11JH.V HQRQ`R1J: V 1J V`J:C :JR 7 `%JRVR `VV:`H. :JR RV0VCQ]IVJ ]`Q=VH 5 I:`@V %R1V:JR `1:C8.V1::]]Q1J VRV0:C%: Q``Q`V0V`:C:CC`Q``Q]Q:CQ` .V 7%`Q]V:JQII11QJ5:JR`V01V1V``Q`V0V`:C7]`Q=VH V0:C%: 1QJ8 :R1:1Q` V`:R:JQ 1;]`Q`1CV1JHC%RV:%H1J.71H:JR/R0:JHVRVH.JQCQ$1V]%`%VR : .VJ10V`1 1V Q` 8`V1G%`$ ^(V`I:J7_ :JR 1VJ: ^.
    [Show full text]
  • ELIA (European Language Industry Association) Code of Professional Conduct and Business Practices
    ELIA (European Language Industry Association) Code of Professional Conduct and Business Practices • Member companies shall only undertake translation/interpretation assignments that they are able to perform to a standard of quality which fully meets the agreed needs of the client. • Member companies shall use professionally skilled, competent translators and/or interpreters who are qualified by education, training and experience to successfully carry out their assignment(s). • Member companies shall make every reasonable effort to check the accuracy and correctness of a final translation before delivery to the client. • Member companies shall safeguard confidential information of both present and former clients and shall not misuse such information to the disadvantage of such clients. Member companies shall also ensure that subcontractors have signed confidentiality/non-disclosure agreements before handling confidential information of any client. • Member companies shall be subject to a general duty to fairly treat their clients, fellow members, subcontractors, other parties within the translation/interpretation profession and members of the public. • Member companies shall make every effort to agree with both clients and subcontractors on the cost, timing and other terms of a project before accepting an assignment. If it is not possible to adhere to the agreed terms, the client and/or subcontractors must be consulted concerning a solution or an alternative course of action at the earliest opportunity. • Member companies shall not use the credentials of translators or interpreters inappropriately or without their consent and shall encourage smooth procedures and good working relations. • Member companies’ contractual agreements with translators and/or interpreters shall be confirmed in writing prior to commencement of work.
    [Show full text]
  • European Language Industry Survey 2020
    EUROPEAN LANGUAGE INDUSTRY SURVEY 2020 BEFORE & AFTER COVID-19 European Language Industry Survey • Annual survey of the European language industry, initiated in 2013 by EUATC and co-organised by the other main international associations of the industry ELIA, FIT Europe and GALA • Actively supported by the EMT university network and the European Commission’s LIND group • Open to LSPs, buyers, freelancers, training providers and private and public translation departments • The survey covers: • Expectations & concerns • Challenges and obstacles • Changes in business practices • 809 responses from 45 countries to the main survey 600 responses to Covid-19 Annex for the LSC survey and 1036 for the separate FIT Covid-19 survey Survey contents ● Industry profile ● Market evolution ● Growth analysis ● Business practices and plans ● Technology ● Human resources and professional development ● Concerns and needs ● Essentials for independent professionals ● Key takeaways ● Survey methodology ● Covid impact and measures Respondents 809 valid responses from 45 different countries: ● 203 language service companies ○ From 33 countries, 16 with response rate above target threshold ● 457 independent language professionals ○ From 34 countries, 11 with response rate above target threshold ● 60 translation departments ○ From 24 countries ● 65 training institutes ○ From 21 countries ● 24 with another profile ○ From 16 countries Respondents per country (1 of 3) ● Respondents from 45 countries ● 16 countries with a representative number of LSCs ● 11 countries
    [Show full text]
  • 2020 Language Industry Survey Short Slidedeck
    EUROPEAN LANGUAGE INDUSTRY SURVEY 2020 BEFORE & AFTER COVID-19 SPEAKERS Rytis Martikonis Rudy Tirry Konstantin Dranch Annette Schiller John O’Shea Director-General EUATC Researcher FIT Europe FIT Europe Directorate-General for Translation European Language Industry Survey ● Initiated in 2013 by EUATC, the European federation of national associations of translation companies ● Open to LSPs, buyers, freelancers, training providers and private and public translation departments ● In partnership with ELIA, FIT Europe, GALA, the EMT university network and the European Commission’s LIND group ● The survey covers: ○ Expectations & concerns ○ Challenges and obstacles ○ Changes in business practices ● 809 responses from 45 countries to the main survey 600 responses to Covid-19 Annex for the LSC survey and 1036 for the freelance Covid-19 survey Industry Profile Based on the survey respondent mix: the average language service company ○ has approx. 10 employees, with slightly more women than men ○ has a sales turnover of slightly over 1 M euro ○ has existed for more than 10 years ○ grew in 2019, but significantly less than in 2018 ○ has a just over 50% chance of growth the average independent language professional ○ is more likely to be a woman than a man ○ has been in business for more than 10 years ○ grew her business at approximately the same rate as the average company ○ is more likely than not to be a member of a professional association of translators and interpreters 2020 - A YEAR UNLIKE ANY OTHER 2020 before Covid - at a tipping point but still showing growth (1 of 2) ● Market activity expectations remained positive in all segments, despite slowdown in LSC and freelance business in 2019.
    [Show full text]
  • Language Industry Survey 2019!
    A special thanks goes out to interpreter intelligence who sponsored the 2019 ATC UK Language Industry Survey and Report. INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS REPORT ATC UK Language UK Translation/ 1 Industry Survey 6 Localisation About Nimdzi Company Spotlight: 2 Insights 7 Translate Media Global Trends 3 and the UK 8 UK Interpreting Company Spotlight: Company Spotlight: 4 SDL 9 thebigword UK Market Beyond 2019 5 2019 10 01|29 Table of Contents ATC UK Language Industry Survey Welcome to the ATC UK Language Industry Survey 2019! The data collected for the survey forms a snapshot of the UK’s language services industry, providing us with a glimpse into the UK market as it stands today in a rapidly changing and evolving global industry and an uncertain political arena. We are partnering with Nimdzi Insights for their expert data analytics as well as knowledgeable insights into the specialist languages services market here in the UK, and the UK within a global context. This year’s aim is to shed light on how language service companies can stay relevant in an increasingly competitive market, and how global industry trends can provide opportunities for language service companies regardless of their size. The breadth and depth of our marketplace has brought its own challenges in presenting a comprehensive picture for 2019. The support and ongoing feedback of our respondents has been invaluable in putting this report together, and we hope that you will find its contents as enlightening as we did researching and writing it. As part of our relationship, Nimdzi Insights will be following up with each survey respondent to provide a customised comparison of survey results.
    [Show full text]
  • Fit-For-Market Translator and Interpreter Training in a Digital Age
    Fit-For-Market Translator and Interpreter Training in a Digital Age Edited by Rita Besznyák Márta Fischer Csilla Szabó With an introduction by Juan José Arevalillo Series in Language and Linguistics Copyright © 2020 by the Authors. Reviewed by Marcel Thelen (Maastricht School of Translation and Interpreting, Zuyd University of Applied Sciences ) All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Vernon Art and Science Inc. www.vernonpress.com In the Americas: In the rest of the world: Vernon Press Vernon Press 1000 N West Street, C/Sancti Espiritu 17, Suite 1200, Wilmington, Malaga, 29006 Delaware 19801 Spain United States Series in Language and Linguistics Library of Congress Control Number: 2019956381 ISBN: 978-1-62273-862-5 Cover design by Vernon Press. Cover image designed by Pressfoto / Freepik. Product and company names mentioned in this work are the trademarks of their respective owners. While every care has been taken in preparing this work, neither the authors nor Vernon Art and Science Inc. may be held responsible for any loss or damage caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by the information contained in it. Every effort has been made to trace all copyright holders, but if any have been inadvertently overlooked the publisher will be pleased to include any necessary credits in any subsequent reprint or edition. Table of contents
    [Show full text]
  • The Future of Adult Language Travel - 2020 and Beyond
    The Future of Adult Language Travel - 2020 and Beyond INDUSTRY REBOOT GLOBAL OVERVIEW The Future of Adult Language Travel - 2020 and Beyond | PAGE 1 ALTO is a professional association where educational agencies, language schools, Contents universities, national and international associations and industry service providers join together as a global community. We provide a platform for leaders 1. Participating Educational Agents 3 and decision makers in the industry to further develop and grow their businesses through networking, professional development and information exchange. 2. Participating Language Schools 4 3. Main Adult Language Programmes (16+) offered 5 As a uniting body in a time of crisis, ALTO seeks to use its position to facilitate 4. Course Duration – How long do students study? 6 a meaningful conversation about aspects of our business that impact both immediate issues and long-term viability of the industry as a whole. We welcome 5. Impact of COVID 19 and Booking Expectations for Adult Language Travel 7 new members to broaden the discussion. 5.1. Regional Agent Comparison - Covid 19 Impact 8 The Language Travel sector faces major and ongoing disruption due to Covid-19. 6. Expected Post-Covid Language Travel Priorities for students in This disruption increases the pressure on our industry to effect meaningful the future 9 change across long-standing issues. Key aspects of debate, such as payment 7. Agents and Schools Receivables - Managing Risk Together 10 terms, costs and contributions, and overhead business costs now need to be addressed with urgency in order to establish new strategies, ways of working 8. Expected Top Destinations Post-Covid 11 together, and best practice for the future.
    [Show full text]
  • Two Languages: It's Good for Business (April 2019) Study on the Economic Benefits and Potential Of
    Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................................................... 3 1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................................... 7 2. Review of the literature .................................................................................................................................................... 8 3. Profile of bilingualism in New Brunswick .......................................................................................................................... 8 3.1 Percentage of adult population with knowledge of English and French ......................................................................... 8 3.2 Bilingualism by age ........................................................................................................................................................ 12 3.3 Bilingualism by educational achievement ..................................................................................................................... 14 3.4 Bilingualism by profession ............................................................................................................................................. 15 3.5 Bilingualism by economic sectors .................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • BRIDGING the LANGUAGE GAP at Tedx
    The Voice of Interpreters and Translators THE ATA Sept/Oct 2017 Volume XLVI Number 5 BRIDGING THE LANGUAGE GAP AT TEDx A Publication of the American Translators Association to realize that a monolingual approach to American Translators Association business is a competitive disadvantage. 225 Reinekers Lane, Suite 590 Fourteen percent of U.S. and Global Alexandria, VA 22314 USA Fortune 2000 companies—companies like Tel: +1.703.683.6100 Google, Cisco, eBay, Twitter, Microsoft, and Marriott—report a loss of business Fax: +1.703.683.6122 opportunities due to lack of world E-mail: [email protected] FROM THE PRESIDENT language skills.3 Website: www.atanet.org What’s more, counterintuitively, the Editorial Board DAVID RUMSEY public discussion about free online Geoff Koby (chair) [email protected] translation tools has actually increased Twitter handle: @davidcrumsey the market for professional translation Jeff Alfonso and interpreting. Lured by visions of Lois Feuerle technology straight out of Star Trek, Corinne McKay users often discover just how important Michael Wahlster Demand for Translation and challenging translation is—and Publisher/Executive Director realize that they have sophisticated and Interpreting language needs that only human Walter Bacak, CAE Stronger than Ever professionals can meet. [email protected] The global volume of content to be Editor ne of the great things about serving translated is growing exponentially Jeff Sanfacon as ATA President is the ability to each year, and with it comes pressure to [email protected] Omeet, listen to, and learn from produce results faster, cheaper, and more translators and interpreters from around efficiently. But this has been the case Proofreader the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • In This Issue
    October 2008 Volume XXXVII Number 10 The A Publication of the American Translators Association CHRONICLE In this issue: ATA School Outreach Time The Translation Project Cycle Note Taking for Consecutive Interpreting Terminology: A New Challenge at 7:30pm on 6th November Come to our Social Event SDL TRADOS - The world leader in Global Information Management Visit our booth at the ATA conference in Orlando and attend one of our regular educational presentations where you can learn how to make the most of our products Benefit from the industry standard translation memory and terminology management tool Over 20 years industry experience Book Your SDL Trados Preconference Training Courses Getting Started on 03 November Intermediate on 04 November Advanced on 05 November $195 per day or $395 to attend all 3 courses To find out more go to: www.sdl.com/atachronicle October 2008 American Translators Association Volume XXXVII 225 Reinekers Lane, Suite 590 • Alexandria VA 22314 USA Number 10 Tel: +1-703-683-6100 • Fax: +1-703-683-6122 Contents October 2008 E-mail: [email protected] • Website: www.atanet.org A Publication of the American Translators Association 14 School Outreach Profile: Jonathan Hine By Lillian Clementi 18 ATA member Jonathan Hine gained unexpected prominence after speaking to high school students. 18 The Life Cycle of a Translation Project By George Rimalower From inception to delivery, the translation process involves multiple steps and the participation of numerous linguists and experts to create an accurate, linguistically correct, and culturally appropriate translation. 24 Note Taking for Consecutive Interpreting By Hana Laurenzo This article contains some practical tips, information, and suggestions for further reading and practice to make the most out of your note taking experience 30 Terminology: A New Challenge 24 for the Information Industry By Kara Warburton Terminology data can enhance a wide range of applications and can be exchanged between users, provided that its structure adheres to an international standard such as TermBase eXchange.
    [Show full text]
  • An Introduction to the Language Industry
    AN INTRODUCTION TO THE LANGUAGE INDUSTRY Latitude Prime Professional & Accurate Language Solutions for the Global Marketplace 1-888-341-9080 www.latitudeprime.com Contents Page 3: Introduction Page 5: Language Industry Facts Page 6: Language Services “Page 11: Why Your Organization Needs Language Services Page 14: How to Choose a Language Service Provider Page 18: Frequently Asked Questions Page 23: Conclusion 2 “ INTRODUCTION In today’s increasingly connected global marketplace, the ability to communicate seamlessly in multiple foreign languages is critical for businesses and governments alike. Whether you want to do business in a foreign country, market your products or services internationally, or communicate with Limited English Proficient (LEP) communities in your local area, language services are indispensable. The main services to fall under the category of “Language Services” (NAICS 541930) include written translation, interpretation (on-site, over-the-phone, or video-remote), localization, multilingual desktop publishing (DTP), audio/ video transcription, foreign language voiceover, subtitles, language training, cultural consulting, and more. The English word “translation” derives from the Latin word translatio, which literally means “carrying across” or “bringing across,” as in a text from one language into another. The history of translation itself traces back thousands of years, with some of the most notable early translations including the Sumerian poem, Gilgamesh, translated into multiple Asian languages, the translation of early Buddhist scriptures from the Pali language into Classical Chinese, and the first translation of the Old Testament of the Bible from Hebrew into Greek in the 3rd century BCE. One of the greatest historical finds for linguists came in the form of the Rosetta Stone in 1799 by Napoleon’s army, which consisted of a seemingly innocuous royal decree from the Egyptian king Ptolemy V, which was written in ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics, the Demotic script, and Ancient Greek.
    [Show full text]
  • Abstracts & Bios – TC40 – 2018
    Translating and the Computer 40 15-16 November 2018 One Birdcage Walk, London Abstracts and Biographical Details Contents I – Abstracts Keynotes 3 Presentations 4 Workshops 12 Round Tables 16 II – Biographical data Authors, Moderators and Panellists 17 Chairs and Conference Organisation 27 Programme Committee 33 III – Translating and the Computer 41 (TC41), 2019 40 Gold Sponsor Silver Sponsor Silver Sponsor Bronze Sponsor Media Sponsor 2 Keynote Addresses The Art of Translation at the Dawn of the 4th Industrial Revolution Panayota (Yota) Georgakopoulou Audiovisual Localization Expert Strategy & Research Greece Translation may be the second oldest profession in the world, but it only recently achieved the status of one of the most promising professions in our age. This is largely due to globalisation, the free flow of information and the democratisation of content. Digitisation gave birth to the localisation industry, which is today being disrupted by data and machine learning, as the latter is being applied to and transforming all aspects of global business. The paradigm shifts we are experiencing in almost every industry are reshaping production, consumption and delivery models, and localisation is no exception. As artificial intelligence solutions are implemented in our industry to solve challenges brought about by the ever-expanding content volumes and the need for accessibility and immediacy, the human and machine interaction is changing the working conditions for translation professionals, quality is being redefined, and the role of translators and interpreters is being revisited. Where’s My Translation Jet Pack? Arle Lommel Common Sense Advisory (CSA) USA In 40 years the Translating and the Computer conference has witnessed its subject field evolve from a subject of blue- sky research and hobbyist interest into a multi-billion dollar industry.
    [Show full text]