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<I>Bovista</I> in Mexico

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ISSN (print) 0093-4666 © 2011. Mycotaxon, Ltd. ISSN (online) 2154-8889 MYCOTAXON http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/118.27 Volume 118, pp. 27–46 October–December 2011 Contribution to the taxonomy of Bovista in Mexico Silvia Bautista-Hernández1*, Teófilo Herrera2, Elvira Aguirre-Acosta2 & Martín Esqueda3 1Laboratorio de Micología, Departamento de Botánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, IPN, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Distrito Federal 11340, México 2Departamento de Botánica, Instituto de Biología, UNAM, Apartado Postal 70-233, Distrito Federal 04510, México 3Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Apartado Postal 1735, Hermosillo, Sonora 83304, México Correspondence to *: [email protected] Abstract — Specimens of the genus Bovista from eight Mexican herbaria (CESUES, ENCB, FCME, HEMIM, IBUG, IZTA, MEXU, XAL) were examined and studied, and fifteen taxa were identified: Bovista aestivalis, B. brunnea, B. dermoxantha, B. dominicensis, B. fusca, B. grandipora, B. graveolens, B. heterocapilla, B. leucoderma, B. oblongispora var. longispora, B. oblongispora var. oblongispora, B. plumbea, B. pusilla, B. sempervirentium, and B. tomentosa. The new information obtained indicates a wider distribution forB . aestivalis, B. dermoxantha, B. fusca, B. graveolens, B. leucoderma, B. oblongispora var. longispora, B. pusilla, and B. tomentosa. New records for the Mexican mycobiota are: B. dominicensis, B. grandipora, B. heterocapilla, B. oblongispora var. oblongispora, and B. sempervirentium. Key words — Basidiomycota, taxonomy, gasteroid fungi Introduction The genus Bovista Pers. is characterized by globose to pyriform basidiomes with/without a short pseudostipe and with/without mycelial cords (Pegler et al. 1995) and a thin, fragile, scaly exoperidium. On maturing the basidiome may form plates, areolae, verrucae, or scales microscopically composed of hyphal elements, sphaerocysts, claviform cells (Kreisel 1967), or mycosclereids (Calonge et al. 2005). The endoperidium is persistent, in consistency papyraceous, pseudopapyraceous, or rigid, smooth and generally shiny or with a metallic luster (Coker & Couch 1928), although this does not distinguish Bovista from other related genera. According to Smith (1951), spores are 28 ... Bautista-Hernández & al. smooth or ornamented. Shape varies, from globose, subglobose to oblong, with a pedicel, which may be short or long, straight or curved, corresponding to the sterigma of the basidium. The subgleba, present only in some species, has a filamentous, compact appearance and is generally reduced in size and not well developed. There are three types of capillitium: Lycoperdon, Bovista, and intermediate (Calonge 1998; Krüger et al. 2001). Bovista, traditionally placed in Lycoperdaceae but currently classified in Agaricaceae (Kirk et al. 2008), is divided into two subgenera based on capillitial type. Taxa characterized by a Lycoperdon or intermediate capillitium are placed in subg. Globaria, while those with either a Bovista or heteromorphic (bovista- + intermediate) capillitium belong in subg. Bovista. These subgenera are further divided into sections and series based on capillitium type, absence or presence of capillitial pores, and presence or absence of a subgleba (Kreisel 1967). In Mexico few researchers have addressed the taxonomy of Bovista (Herrera 1959); the genus is generally included in general gasteromycete treatments (Salcedo & Herrera 1966, Guzmán & Herrera 1969, 1973, Rodríguez & Herrera 1970, Urista et al. 1985, Esqueda et al. 1990, 1996, 1998, Pardavé 1991, Pérez- Silva et al. 1994, Calonge et al. 2004a,b, Ochoa & Moreno 1996, 2006). Bovista has been confused with Lycoperdon Pers., Disciseda Czern., Calvatia Fr., Vascellum F. Šmarda, Bovistella Morgan, and Calbovista Morse ex M.T. Seidl, owing to shared macro- and microscopic characteristics. There are, however, differences that allow them to be quite easily separated. Confusion surrounding the correct identification of species has prompted this revision of Bovista with the aim of contributing to the knowledge of the genus in Mexico. Materials & methods Herbarium material was examined from CESUES (Centro de Estudios Superiores del Estado de Sonora, Unidad Hermosillo), ENCB (Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, IPN), FCME (Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM), HEMIM (Herbario Micológico de Morelos, UAEM), IBUG (Instituto de Botánica, Universidad de Guadalajara), IZTA (Facultad de Estudios Superiores campus Iztacala, UNAM), MEXU (Instituto de Biología, UNAM), and XAL (Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Unidad Xalapa). Macroscopic characters were transcribed from specimen labels or recorded directly from the basidiomes. For microscopic examination, temporary preparations were made using 5% potassium hydroxide (KOH) for observing and measuring basidiospores and capillitial elements with an optical microscope (OM). Lactophenol cotton blue was used for observing the paracapillitium. Material was also prepared for observation using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) in order to properly describe spore ornamentation and perforations in the hyphal walls of the capillitium. The keys of Kreisel (1967), Demoulin & Marriot (1981), Calonge (1992, 1998) and Pegler et al. (1995) were mainly used for species identification. Bovista in Mexico ... 29 Results Of the 15 Bovista taxa identified and included in the taxonomic key, 9 represented subgenus Globaria (B. aestivalis, B. dermoxantha, B. dominicensis, B. grandipora, B. heterocapilla, B. oblongispora var. longispora, B. oblongispora var. oblongispora, B. pusilla, B. sempervirentium) and 6 subgenus Bovista (B. brunnea, B. fusca, B. graveolens, B. leucoderma, B. plumbea, B. tomentosa). Five taxa are new records for the Mexican mycobiota and are described below: B. dominicensis, B. grandipora, B. heterocapilla, B. oblongispora var. oblongispora, and B. sempervirentium. Key to the taxa of Bovista recorded from Mexico 1. Basidiomes with intermediate or Lycoperdon capillitium . 2 1’. Basidiomes with Bovista type capillitium . 11 2. Intermediate type capillitium . 3 2’. Lycoperdon type capillitium . 7 3. Basidiomes with ellipsoid spores, short pedicels . 4 3’. Basidiomes with globose spores . 5 4. Capillitium with pores . B. oblongispora var. longispora 4’. Capillitium pores absent . B. oblongispora var. oblongispora 5. Heteromorphic capillitium . 6 5’ Intermediate capillitium . 7 6. Spores with pedicels ≤ 11 μm . B. pusilla 6’. Spores with pedicels ≤ 17 μm . B. heterocapilla 7. Echinulate spores with pedicels ≤ 34 μm . B. dominicensis 7’. Spores with small verrucae . .8 8. Capillitium with branches . .9 8’. Capillitium without branches . .10 9. Capillitium with amphiseptal branches, numerous pores, giving a vacuolate appearance. B. grandipora 9’. Capillitium with subseptal branches, with pores . B. dermoxantha 10. Exoperidium verrucae made of sphaerocysts . B. aestivalis 10’ Exoperidium verrucae made of hyphal elements . B. sempervirentium 11. Basidiomes medium to large, > 55 mm . .12 11’ Basidiomes small to medium, ≤ 55 mm . .13 12. Spores subglobose to ovoid, pedicels straight . B. fusca 12’. Spores globose to subglobose, pedicels curved. B. graveolens 13. Capillitium with pores . .14 13’. Capillitium pores absent, endoperidium lead colored . B. plumbea 30 ... Bautista-Hernández & al. 14. Spores ovoid. B. tomentosa 14’. Spores globose to subglobose . .15 15. Capillitium with thick walls, LH = 0.2–0.5 . B. brunnea 15’. Capillitium with moderately thin walls, LH = 0.5–0.7 . B. leucoderma Taxa studied Subgenus Globaria Bovista aestivalis (Bonord.) Demoulin, Beih. Sydowia 8: 143, 1979. Figs 1–2 Specimens examined: MÉXICO. Hidalgo: Mineral del Chico Municipality, near Las Ventanas, El Chico National Park, October 5, 1980 G. Guzmán 19099 (ENCB). Jalisco: San Diego de Alejandría Municipality, San Diego de Alejandría-San Julián Highway, 7.5 km from the town of San Diego de Alejandría, August 30, 2000 O. Rodríguez 2332 (IBUG). Estado de México: Near Amecameca, August 31, 1969 I. Uribe 11 (ENCB); Near La Marquesa, Miguel Hidalgo National Park, July 5, 1963 E. González 12 (ENCB); Atizapan de Zaragoza Municipality, Sayavedra Farm subdivision, June 18, 2000 A. López-Villalobos 24 (XAL). Oaxaca: San Pedro Macuiltianguis, June 15, 1984 A. González (XAL). Comments — This species is characterized by a compact subgleba, evident or barely developed. Unlike Bovista dermoxantha, B. aestivalis has an intermediate type of capillitium and under the OM the spores show an ornamentation that is not very evident. Pegler et al. (1995) mention that it is a very polymorphic species and thus taxonomically difficult to identify. Bovista aestivalis has been cited for Baja California (Ochoa & Moreno 2006), Chihuahua (Moreno et al. 2010), Estado de México, Oaxaca and Veracruz (Calonge et al. 2004b). This study extends its distribution range to the states of Hidalgo and Jalisco. Bovista dermoxantha (Vittad.) De Toni, Syll. Fung. 7: 100, 1888. Figs 3–4 Specimens examined: MÉXICO. Baja California: km 2, close to the turnoff from Ensenada to the San Felipe highway, on the way to Hanson Lagoon, in the foothills of the Juárez range, March 02, 1984 G. Guzmán 24326-A (XAL). Chihuahua: Temósachi Municipality, Nabogame, July 31, 1987 J. E. Laferrière 624 (XAL); 65 km NW of Janus, September 20, 1972 P. Huerta (ENCB). Hidalgo: San Gregorio, north side of Xihuingo Hill, July 26, 1963 G. Guzmán 3865 (ENCB). Estado de México: Close to the Guadalupe Dam, July 02, 1967 G. Guzmán 5862 (ENCB). Sonora: km 12 on the Santa Rosa-Yécora highway,
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    Griseococcin(1) from Bovistella radicata (Mont.) Pat and antifungal activity yong ye Hefei University of Technology Qinghua Zeng Hefei University of Technology qingmei zeng ( [email protected] ) Hefei University of Technology Research article Keywords: Griseococcin, LH-20, DEAE, 1D NMR, 2D NMR, HPLC, FT-IR Posted Date: August 1st, 2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-29969/v3 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Version of Record: A version of this preprint was published on September 10th, 2020. See the published version at https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-020-01961-x. Page 1/13 Abstract Background To evaluate the antimicrobial and microbicidel activity of B. radicata fermentation broth, the broth was puried by DEAE-cellulose and sephadex LC-20 column. The compounds were submitted to spectral analyses (HPLC, FT-IR, 1D and 2D NMR etc.). Results The puried compounds were identied as the Griseococcin(s) which were naphthoquinone derivatives, the Chemical formula and MW of Griseococcin(1) was determined as C37O10H43N and 661Da. only Griseococcin(1) has good antimicrobial activity among the Griseococcin(s). The zone of inhibition(ZOI), minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) or minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of Griseococcin(1) were used to investigate the antimicrobial activity. Antifungal activity of Griseococcin(1) was signicant, especially for main pathogenic fungus Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes, MFC/MIC of Griseococcin(1) was 1, while MFC/MIC of postive control was greater than 4, the fungicidal effect of Griseococcin(1) was better than that of positive control.
  • Survey of the Gasteral Basidiomycota (Fungi) of Croatia

    Survey of the Gasteral Basidiomycota (Fungi) of Croatia

    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE NAT. CROAT. VOL. 14 No 2 99¿120 ZAGREB June 30, 2005 original scientific paper / izvorni znanstveni rad SURVEY OF THE GASTERAL BASIDIOMYCOTA (FUNGI) OF CROATIA ZDENKO TKAL^EC,ARMIN ME[I] &OLEG ANTONI] Laboratory of Biocoenotic Research, Ru|er Bo{kovi} Institute, Bijeni~ka cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia (E-mails: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]) Tkal~ec, Z., Me{i}, A. & Antoni}, O.: Survey of the gasteral Basidiomycota (Fungi) of Croatia. Nat. Croat., Vol. 14, No. 2., 99–120, 2005, Zagreb. A survey of the gasteral Basidiomycota of Croatia is given. 68 species belonging to 26 genera are presented. Five genera and 18 species are reported as new to Croatia. For each species, the pub- lished and unpublished sources of data are given, as well as the collections in which the material is deposited. Key words: Biodiversity, mycobiota, bibliography Tkal~ec, Z., Me{i}, A. & Antoni}, O.: Pregled utrobnja~a (Basidiomycota, Fungi) Hrvatske. Nat. Croat., Vol. 14, No. 2., 99–120, 2005, Zagreb. Dat je pregled gljiva utrobnja~a Hrvatske. Sadr`i 68 vrsta iz 26 rodova. Pet rodova i 18 vrsta prvi je put publicirano za podru~je Hrvatske. Uz svaku vrstu navedeni su publicirani i nepub- licirani izvori podataka, kao i zbirke u kojima je pohranjen sakupljeni materijal. Klju~ne rije~i: biolo{ka raznolikost, mikobiota, bibliografija INTRODUCTION The mycobiota of Croatia is poorly explored. The gasteral Basidiomycota are no exception since few mycologists have researched the group.
  • Arizona Gasteroid Fungi I: Lycoperdaceae (Agaricales, Basidiomycota)

    Arizona Gasteroid Fungi I: Lycoperdaceae (Agaricales, Basidiomycota)

    Fungal Diversity Arizona gasteroid fungi I: Lycoperdaceae (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) Bates, S.T.1*, Roberson, R.W.1 and Desjardin, D.E.2 1School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA 2Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Ave., San Francisco, California 94132, USA Bates, S.T., Roberson, R.W. and Desjardin, D.E. (2009). Arizona gasteroid fungi I: Lycoperdaceae (Agaricales, Basidiomycota). Fungal Diversity 37: 153-207. Twenty-eight species in the family Lycoperdaceae, commonly called ‘puffballs’, are reported from Arizona, USA. In addition to widely distributed species, understudied species (e.g., Calvatia cf. leiospora and Holocotylon brandegeeanum) are treated. Taxonomic descriptions and illustrations, which include microscopic characters, are given for each species, and a dichotomous key is presented to facilitate identification. Basidiospore morphology was also examined ultrastructurally using scanning electron microscopy, and phylogenetic analyses were carried out on nrRNA gene sequences (ITS1, ITS2, and 5.8S) from 42 species within (or closely allied to) the Lycoperdaceae. Key words: Agaricales, euagarics, fungal taxonomy, gasteroid fungi, gasteromycete, Lycoperdaceae, puffballs. Article Information Received 22 August 2008 Accepted 25 November 2008 Published online 1 August 2009 *Corresponding author: Scott T. Bates; e-mail: [email protected] Introduction Agaricales, Boletales, and Russulales. Accordingly, a vigorous debate concerning the Lycoperdaceae Chevall.