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The Political Ecology of Spatial Development Initiatives, Indonesia

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The Political Ecology of Spatial Development Initiatives, Indonesia ResearchOnline@JCU This file is part of the following work: Langston, James Douglas (2019) The political ecology of spatial development initiatives, Indonesia. PhD Thesis, James Cook University. Access to this file is available from: https://doi.org/10.25903/5dbf7d7862ca1 Copyright © 2019 James Douglas Langston. The author has certified to JCU that they have made a reasonable effort to gain permission and acknowledge the owners of any third party copyright material included in this document. If you believe that this is not the case, please email [email protected] The Political Ecology of Spatial Development Initiatives, Indonesia Landscape in Lombok, Indonesia, by James Langston James Douglas Langston, MDP Thesis for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Agriculture, Environmental and Related Studies) May, 2019 The College of Science and Engineering James Cook University Acknowledgements My research is inspired by the time I’ve spent with local communities across the tropics – in Asia, Africa, and the Americas. But I first thank my primary advisors, Professors Jeff Sayer and Intu Boedhihartono, for the unimagined opportunities granted to me, making this research possible. Early time spent with them in their Development Practice Program at James Cook University instilled a philosophically broad-based commitment to research in me. The tenets of that philosophy are taking empathetic, integrated, improvisational (in a musical, jazz sense), experiential, and anti-fragile approach to learning and life. I cannot thank them enough for their inspiration, guidance, and the opportunities they provided. The expansive network of friends and colleagues built over the time of this research, was made possible by my advisors. All of them have been invaluable to this research. I am very thankful to all of my colleagues and friends who have contributed, enabled, or otherwise fostered our team’s ability to conduct research in our problem and solution oriented, action-oriented, and societally embedded way. Dr. Chris Margules deserves special thanks for his unwavering support, commitment, and pragmatic clarity during times of confusion and ambiguity. Professor Terry Sunderland has provided professional and collegial guidance, for which I am also immensely thankful. I thank Professor Paul Dirks for his invaluable guidance on how to approach the research, and how to navigate university structures and processes. I am now good friends with all of my advisors and would not have done it any other way. I am grateful to the College of Science and Engineering at James Cook University for providing the assistance and opportunities through tumultuous restructures at JCU. Janet Catterall, Leanne Shillitoe, and Teresa Carrette have been invaluable support in helping me navigate the administrative pathways and reach the right milestones at the right time. Much of my research was kindled by the drive, diversity, and social stimuli of seven cohorts of the Masters of Development Practice Program at JCU (2011-2017). I am privileged to have been able to get to know them all, and to be a part of their co-learning experience. Without them, I would not have the broad-based understanding of sustainability issues, and the emotional intelligence and empathy I continue to strive for. These thanks are also extended to the PhDs in i the Development Practice Program that came before me – particularly Mercy Rampengan, Adi Gunawan, and especially Lingfei Weng. In the final 1.5 years of my PhD, my primary advisors moved to a new university – the Faculty of Forestry at The University of British Columbia. As a part of their team, I have been a visiting scholar with them there. I am grateful for UBC's Faculty of Forestry’s welcoming and supportive people and for the opportunity to finish my PhD there. Thanks to my family, to my parents David and Deborah, my sister Jennifer, my brother-in-law Peter, and my brand-new twin nephews, Nico and Luca. My parents have always supported and encouraged me to take on challenges and make the most of life. It is with their support that I could be equipped to make the choices that led to the PhD in the first place. My sister has inspired me to keep improving how I can make positive contributions to society. My nephews are born into an exciting but challenging time in the world and I dedicate this thesis to them. Finally, thanks to Rebecca. My partner in life and research – never the two shall part. She counter-balances and supports all I do. I wouldn’t want to do this or anything else without her. I’m proud of what we’ve accomplished and excited for the rest! ii Statement on the Contribution of Others & Authors Consent to Include Publications as Part of PhD Thesis Thesis Title: The Political Ecology of Spatial Development Initiatives, Indonesia Name of James Douglas Langston Candidate: Chapter number Details of publication(s) on Nature and extent of the I confirm the candidate’s contribution and title which chapter is based: intellectual input of each to this paper and consent to the author, including the inclusion of the paper in this thesis candidate Chapter No. 1: Chapter is the original James Douglas Langston is Meine van Noordwijk Discourses publication the senior author responsible Signature: mapped by Q- for the manuscript. Meine method shows Langston, J. D., McIntyre, Van Noordwijk contributed governance R., Falconer, K., Sunderland, to conceptual background constraints T., van Noordwijk, M., & and direction for the motivate Boedhihartono, A. K. manuscript. Rowan McIntyre Rowan McIntyre landscape (2019). Discourses mapped and Keith Falconer Signature: approaches in by Q-method show contributed to data collection Indonesia governance constraints and analysis. Terry motivate landscape Sunderland and Agni approaches in Indonesia. Klintuni Boedhihartono Plos One, 14(1), e0211221. Contributed to manuscript Terry Sunderland writing and conceptual Signature: direction for the manuscript. Agni Klintuni Boedhihartono Signature: Chapter No. 2: Chapter is the original James Douglas Langston Muhammad I. Lubis Comparative publication conceived and designed the Signature: development study, Muhammad I. Lubis benefits from Langston, J. D., Lubis, M. I., assisted in the design of the small and large Sayer, J. A., Margules, C., study and assisted in data scale mines in Boedhihartono, A. K., & collection and analysis, North Sulawesi, Dirks, P. H. G. M. (2015). Jeffrey Sayer provided Indonesia Comparative development conceptual direction and text benefits from small and edits, Chris Margules helped Jeffrey Sayer large scale mines in North with the manuscript edits, Signature: Sulawesi, Indonesia. The Agni Klintuni Extractive Industries and Boedhihartono assisted in Society, 2, 434-444. the research design, Paul H.G.M. Dirks assisted in the conceptual direction and manuscript edits. Chris Margules Signature: Agni Klintuni Boedhihartono Signature: iii Paul H.G.M. Dirks Signature: Chapter No. 3: Chapter is the original James Douglas Langston Yazid Sururi Estate Crops publication conceived and designed the Signature: More Attractive study; James Douglas than Community Langston, J., Riggs, R., Langston and Yazid Sururi Forests in West Sururi, Y., Sunderland, T., & performed the field study; Kalimantan, Munawir, M. (2017). Estate Muhammad Munawir helped Indonesia Crops More Attractive than facilitate field study and Community Forests in West contributed to the Muhammad Munawir Kalimantan, Indonesia. biophysical and social data; Signature: Land, 6(1), 12. James Douglas Langston, doi:10.3390/land6010012 Rebecca Anne Riggs and Yazid Sururi analyzed the data; Terry Sunderland provided insightful edits and ideas to enrich the context, Rebecca Anne Riggs results, and discussion. Signature: James Douglas Langston and Rebecca Anne Riggs drafted the original paper and Yazid Sururi, Muhammad Terry Sunderland Munawir, Terry Sunderland Signature: contributed edits and comments to subsequent drafts. Chapter No. 4: Chapter is the original Yazid Sururi, Han She Lim Yazid Sururi Governance publication and Agni Klintuni Signature: Challenges in an Boedhihartono facilitated Eastern Riggs, R. A., Langston, J. field workshops; Chris Indonesian D., Margules, C., Margules, Dwi Amalia Sari, Forest Landscape Boedhihartono, A. K., Lim, Jeffrey Sayer, Rebecca Anne H. S., Sari, D. A., Sururi, Y., Riggs and James Douglas Sayer, J. (2018). Governance Langston analyzed the data; Han She Lim Challenges in an Eastern Rebecca Anne Riggs and Signature: Indonesian Forest James Douglas Langston. Landscape. Sustainability, wrote the paper. Han She 10(1), 169. Lim, Agni Klintuni Boedhihartono, Chris Margules, Dwi Amalia Sari, Agni Klintuni Boedhihartono and Jeffrey Sayer Signature: contributed edits and comments to subsequent drafts. Chris Margules iv Signature: Dwi Amalia Sari Signature: Jeffrey Sayer Signature: Rebecca Anne Riggs Signature: Chapter No. 5: Chapter is a paper submitted James Douglas Langston Rebecca Anne Riggs Conservation for consideration as a wrote the manuscript, Signature: and development publication to the Singapore conceived and designed the pressures Journal of Tropical study. Rebecca Anne Riggs intensify on one Geography assisted with the design and of Indonesia’s manuscript edits Agni Intu Boedhihartono least Langston, J. D., Riggs, R. Boedhihartono Klintuni Signature: development A., Boedhihartono, A. K., assisted with fieldwork and large islands, Kastanya, A., & Sayer, J. conceptual design. Agus Seram (Submitted). Conservation Kastanya assisted with data and
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