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Various Conceptions of Using Cars in the Present Conditions of Digital Technologies Application

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Various Conceptions of Using Cars in the Present Conditions of Digital Technologies Application International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 10, Issue 07, July 2019, pp. 112-119, Article ID: IJCIET_10_07_013 Available online at http://iaeme.com/Home/issue/IJCIET?Volume=10&Issue=7 ISSN Print: 0976-6308 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316 © IAEME Publication VARIOUS CONCEPTIONS OF USING CARS IN THE PRESENT CONDITIONS OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES APPLICATION Tatyana Sakulyeva PhD in Economics, Associate Professor, Department of forwarding Services Management, State University of Management, 109542, Ryazanskiy prospekt, 99, Moscow, Russia Kseniia Zalikhina Bachelor of Science, State University of Management, 109542, Ryazanskiy prospekt, 99, Moscow, Russia Simone Trombetta Software developer, Kirey Group, Street Monte di Pieta, 32, Turin, Italy ABSTRACT Automobiles spend most part of its life into a parking space. Coherent solution is to change the ownership form - one automobile should be used by many people. The decision can be reached by pre-existing technologies. Digital technologies make it possible to create some other approaches implementation of those were previously not used. This research is devoted to the study of application of various concepts of using cars, that should become an integral part of transport system is megapolises. Carsharing is becoming an absolutely indispensable part of the urban system. Transport outsource is guaranteed to reduce traffic and helps to unload the roads and rush hours. Transport outsource in the modern world is one of the most recognizable and common forms of mobility of passengers flows. Key words: public transport, personal transport, automobile, digital technologies, carsharing, ridesharing, transport outsource. Cite this Article: Tatyana Sakulyeva, Kseniia Zalikhina and Simone Trombetta, Various Conceptions of Using Cars in the Present Conditions of Digital Technologies Application. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology 10(7), 2019, pp. 112-119. http://iaeme.com/Home/issue/IJCIET?Volume=10&Issue=7 1. INTRODUCTION Until recently, there were distinguished the following main groups of transport in any city: public transport, personal transport, corporate transport, bicycle transport. The most efficient is public transport [1], the most ecological - bicycle, and the most comfortable and extremely harmful to the environment is personal transport. Many studies and researches are devoted to this subject-matter [2] (2. JASPERS Appraisal Guidance (Transport) The Use of Transport http://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJCIET 112 [email protected] Various Conceptions of Using Cars in the Present Conditions of Digital Technologies Application Models in Transport Planning and Project Appraisal August 2014. 3.MOTOR Handbook containing guidelines for constructing national and regional transport models: Transport Modelling – Towards Operational Standards in Europe, May 2007) In accordance with the history facts, any common transport becomes a problem [3], whether it's a car or even a bicycle. Local citizens of Amsterdam complain of bicycle traffic jams and have problems with parking, bicycle parking area is paid in Japan. The popularity of any type of transport leads to problems [4]. Midlands Connect explores, develops and recommends transport projects which will provide the biggest possible economic and social benefits for the Midlands and the rest of the UK [13]. Congestion of cars in cities led to the emergence of so-called "urban extremists", who lobby for a total ban on the movement of personal cars in cities. The implementation of this idea can lead to the fact that the car will again become a luxury and inaccessible thing for people. According to this opinion, complete abandonment of cars, as suggested by "urban extremists" [14], in fact will only lead to a decrease in the quality of life and the stratification of society. This research is devoted to the study of the application of various concepts of using the car, that allow to increase the efficiency of its use in modern world, with the use of developing digital technologies. 2. AUTOMOBILE ROLE IN MODERN WORLD Analyzing the results of the study of the Department of Transportation of New York, conducted in 2017 about personal cars, renew the main subject of the research (Table 1). Table 1 Complex breakdown of the methods of movement of residents of different areas of New York [12] District Average Stability overall percent, % % travel By electric time, train, % By car, % renting,% By bus, % By ship, % On foot, % Ин Other type, By metro,% min By bicycle % Central Manhattan 26,1 6 47 22 10 6 6 0 0 2 85 North Manhattan 29,7 7 33 37 14 2 3 0 0 3 87 Inner part of Brooklyn 32,5 26 32 29 5 3 4 0 0 2 68 Outer part of Brooklyn 30,6 40 28 20 5 3 2 0 0 2 56 Inner part of Queens 32,9 30 32 24 3 2 3 0 0 7 60 Middle part of Queens 32,8 37 24 28 3 4 1 0 1 2 60 Outer part of Queens 33,6 47 18 21 7 2 2 0 3 1 51 South Bronx 30,9 24 31 25 17 1 1 0 0 0 75 North Bronx 34 33 19 20 18 2 1 0 0 6 60 Staten island 28,5 75 6 2 10 0 3 3 0 0 22 On the average 31,16 32,5 27,0 22,8 9,2 2,5 2,6 0,3 0,4 2,5 62,4 Using the example of different districs of New York it is possible to see that in the central areas only 6-7% people are using cars, and on average - more than 30%. Сity wide mobility survey results show that New Yorkers are more likely to use cars on weekends, and use metro or walk on foot during the weekdays without driving a car. Public transport is more commonly used for business and other targets [5]. Metro is commonly used for interregional rides. Personal cars are used for the vast majority of trips out of town where the accessibility of public transport is weaker [15]. Movement of passengers within the area, inside the district, is mainly done on foot. Sometimes using car is not only the preferred way of movement, but also the most reasonable choice for citizens in following cases: taking children to school or kindergarten, going for groceries for a week or going to the country or out of town [16]. http://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJCIET 113 [email protected] Tatyana Sakulyeva, Kseniia Zalikhina and Simone Trombetta The car spend most of the time in a parking lot. At the same time, depending on the country, its utilization rate may not exceed 5%. The solution seems to change the form of ownership - one car should serve as many people as possible. This also applies to other vehicles, including bicycles and motocycles [18]. But how to implement it in practice? Solving the problem is achieved by the implantation of previously non-existing technologies. Digital technologies allow a slightly different look at the already existing situation and make the approaches really useful that previously could not be implemented [6]. There are various concepts to improve the efficiency of transport facilities use. 3. CARSHARING Carsharing is the process of using same car by different people. The first attempts to involve carsharing in transport system were made in 1948 in Zurich. However, the concept did not go further. The first implementation of carsharing projects occurred only in the 1970s years, however, the French ProcoTip service existed for only about two years. In 1974, the Witcar project was opened in Amsterdam. The idea of which was to offer people the possibility of electric cars short-term rental. However, the project was closed in 1986. The 1980s and the first half of the 1990s were a period of gradual development of carsharing in Switzerland and Germany, and also on a smaller base in Canada, the Netherlands, Sweden and the USA. A new era in car sharing was opened in the 2000s. In these years the largest carsharing services company Zipcar was founded in the United States. Later, in order not to miss the promising market, carsharing services began to be provided by subsidiaries of the largest car rental companies - since 2008 Avis On Location, Hertz on Demand, Uhaul Car Share, owned by U-Hail and WeCar Enterprise Rent-A came in the market. Car. At the moment, Zipcar which in turn was acquired by Avis in 2013 has a fleet of more than 11 thousand vehicles and more than 1 million users [7]. Hereinafter the carsharing concept was spreading enough in the developing countries - Brazil, China, India, Mexico and Turkey. The success of carsharing in these countries contributed to the high level of urbanization and low incomes, at which the purchase and maintenance of a personal car was to difficult to realize. Currently, there are two variants of carsharing: The classic «door to door» carsharing, which allows users to take a vehicle in one place and leave it in another, suppliers companies ensure that there are enough cars in places of high demand during rush hours. This model of carsharing is the most popular and is developing very quickly. In Russia, this type of service has been provided since 2013 and in effect as of August 2016, the total number of users has exceeded 180 thousand people, including 64% of Moscow citizens who have a private car. Personal carsharing that allows the car owner to benefit from putting his car into the car sharing program. This type of carsharing is uncommon in the market, but changes in it are much more dynamic than in other types of this process. Car rental per day is expending now. New technologies that allow tenants to access the car using their mobile phone, unlike the key exchange with the car owner personally, also contributed to its spread.
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