convergence transportation and information 6500 BC the wheel 500 BC public roads and canals 1760 AD mobile engines convergence of transportation now and information culture image credit: millennial marketing median earnings economics age 18 - 34 + $871 + $639 2013 $33,883 1980 1990 2000 $35,845 $36,716 $37,335 - $3,472 data: New York Times August 2, 2015 transportation 1.autonomous vehicles 2.its 3.big data 4.sharing economy 5.virtual transactions information people freight movement movement photo credit: Google 1. autonomous vehicles goodbye to drivers image credit: Rand Corporation arrival of the self-driving car… …and truck photo credit: Mercedes Benz, Daimler AG …and drone photo credit: http://www.chapman-freeborn.com information technology radio sensing cameras radar LIDAR (laser) gps & cell phone sensing/mapping virtual transaction systems user interface design established emerging v2v and v2i communications vehicle control technology cruise control automatic braking system stability control established emerging adaptive cruise control lane alignment/steering crash avoidance cross traffic assistance parking assistance lidar lidar = light detection and ranging (3-d laser imaging) image credit: right – Tech Investing Daily; left - Velodyne stereo cameras image credit: engadget radar systems image credit: freescale semiconductor adaptive cruise control radar image credit: "Schema ICC" by Schema_ICC.PNG: M.Minderhoud derivative work: Malyszkz lane keeping image credit: Volvo stereo cameras cross-traffic assist integrated systems: short range radar long range radar camera image credit: Daimler stereo camera cost of control elements: $80K now, eventually $10 - $15K image credit: Boston Consulting Group, Wired Magazine autonomous vehicle classification • level 1 – no automation • level 2 – function-specific automation • level 3 – combined function automation • level 4 – full self-driving automation source: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration 2015 – 17 models: level 3 Volvo XC-90 (pilot assist) Tesla model S sedans (autopilot) Audi Q7 (adaptive cruise + steering) Cadillac CT6 sedan (super cruise) typical market progression luxury models most models all models expensive new options prices drop with volume standard feature test market acceptance widely offered as option typical regulatory progression (example: back-up cameras) optional standard required 2001 2014 2018 Infiniti 2002 Q45 standard on 46% of required on all new luxury sedan new models models autonomous vehicles roll-out levels 1, 2 & 3 level 4 level 4 partially fully autonomous autonomous autonomous vehicles vehicles vehicles enter dominate available market market 2015 2020 2025 2030 20-year comprehensive plan horizon challenges • limited federal regulatory framework • limited state regulatory frameworks • state government eagerness - $20B industry • little planning for road & street infrastructure • unresolved insurance, finance & legal issues • unprotected digital/software systems Wired Magazine hack of 2014 Jeep Cherokee photo credit: Wired Magazine most difficult challenge: local streets image credit: Thomas J. Bamonte, www.tmemag.com liability: who is responsible for crashes? • the driver? (who is the driver?) • the vehicle manufacturer? • the DOT? autonomous systems other modes motor trucks now automatic braking systems adaptive cruise control lane keeping crash avoidance 2015 level 3 autonomous vehicles photo credit: Mercedes Benz, Daimler AG self-parking vehicles level 3 = low-wage drivers coming soon driver labor = 1/3 of level 4 = single driver caravans marginal cost of operations railroads now limited progress 2015 positive train control required by end of year coming soon not much image credit: ABC drone freight autonomous navigation: • gps • cellular triangulation • visual object detection financial incentive: eliminating drivers transit – level 4 photo credit: Miami Herald Miami Metromover Heathrow Airport photo credit: ARUP/ultraprt smart bikes e-bike app – smart phone app – smart watch LED lighting folding frame removable battery image credit: Ford Motor Co. MoDe:Flex high-tech, but only level 1 – non-autonomous 2. its intelligent transportation systems roads & streets railroads multimodal system integration air drone road ocean river rail roads and streets roadway its – 3 systems • vehicle sensing/tracking – gps – cellular – rfid – loop detectors – video – bluetooth detectors – wi-fi • wireless communications: v2base, v2i and v2v • on-board computing: operations and records roadway its applications (passenger & freight) • driver information • in-vehicle emergency notification – ecall • automatic enforcement • collision avoidance • congestion management • parking management • weather response • incident and emergency management • data capture (live and static) real-time system management * image credit: MN Changeable Message Sign" by Wheresmysocks weather remote monitoring + driver information other 5% bad signal timing 5% work zones 10% weather 15% photo credit: Charlier Associates incidents 25% saturation 40% data: FHWA causes of congestion traffic signals signal type pre-timed semi-actuated fully actuated control system pre-set plans adaptive integrated network integrated management wifi-equipped traffic signals connected video cameras wireless mesh network performance monitoring image credit: ABB/Tropos traffic signal system integration state of the art – city of Phoenix AZ aztech performance dashboard parking apps gtechna tiketzen - writing tickets - paying tickets parkwhiz - reserving a space rf sensor parker - finding a space - avoiding tickets transit • automatic vehicle locator – gps • fleet management • traveler information – e.g. “next bus” etc. • corridor progression/signal pre-emption • system safety, security bicycling • fitness, tracking apps • cell & gps networks • infrared & motion detectors • inductive loops • big data feedback loops photo credit: Fronteras truck freight the information is as valuable as the cargo truck freight communication generations 1. citizens’ band radio (cb) 2. sat phone (satellite communications) 3. gps 4. cell phone 5. wi-fi 6. rfid image credit: inbound logistics truck freight “bobtail” – truck without trailer • logistics/efficiency • multimodal integration • level 3 and 4 autonomous vehicles • tdm – travel demand management for trucks image credit: Amtrak image credit: "ATSF Downhhill Caliente Aug 90xRP - Flickr - drewj1946" by Drew Jacksich passenger freight railroads railroads Amtrak train #188 Philadelphia, May, 2015 AP photo • train control systems • emergency management crossing signals track circuits positive dark radio communication train territory wi-fi service control gps transponders dark territory image credit: "Railroad Junction2004 x" by Horst Frank • no train detection • no track circuits • no rail traffic controller (dispatcher) • track warrant control image credit: Tech Mahindra - http://www.techmahindra.com positive train control (ptc) – location data – gps, radio, track circuits – real-time data – track or signal conditions – on-board navigation system and track profile database – dynamic speed control – line speed enforcement, temporary speed restrictions – train separation – collision avoidance – bi-directional data link between trains and signals – centralized systems for train movement control photo credit: Amtrak ptc legislation 2008 Rail Safety Improvement Act • December 2015 deadline • Amtrak & Class I RR making progress • commuter rail systems behind tofc- trailer on flatcar photo credit: translation.com intermodal freight ship rail truck desti- port transfer nation ship truck rail truck desti- port transfer transfer nation ship truck desti- port nation intermodal technology container freight intermodal freight "Intermodal Transport by Truck" by Joedamadman • reversal of ‘trailer on flatcar’ • 14% of long-haul trucking; feasible ≤ 500 mi • complex logistics – bobtails – chassis repositioning • role of inland ports 3. the sharing economy the end of ownership car share paid ridesharing • car share companies • peer-to-peer car sharing car share companies Buffalo CarShare Car2Go eGo CarShare Flexcar Getaround JustShareIt RelayRides photo credit: Mariordo (Mario Roberto Durán Ortiz) Zipcar WeCar by Enterprise Rent-A-Car Uhaul Car Share owned by U-Haul Avis On Location by Avis peer-to-peer car share companies RelayRides, Getaround JustShareIt photo credit: Getaround paid rideshare companies Uber Lyft Sidecar banning Uber as of April, 2015 banned full partial suspended but ban ban operations operating • State of Nevada • Netherlands • Taiwan • Spain • Eugene, OR • Germany • New Delhi, India • South Korea • Maharastra, India • Brussels, Belgium • Mumbai, India • Portland, OR • Karnataka, India • Western Australia • Hyderabad, India • Tuscaloosa, AL • Telengua, India • Victoria, Australia • Cape Town, S Africa • Auburn, AL • Fukuoa, Japan • Queensland, Australia • Panama City, FL • Thailand • San Antonio, TX • Anchorage, AK image and data: market watch Uber’s legal issues passenger safety – criminal drivers for-hire transport (taxi) regulations required state commercial drivers’ license labor disagreements with its drivers source: market watch, updated May 12, 2015 the underlying Uber issue new technology/consumer choice vs. labor practices & economics bikeshare photo credit: Charlier Associates, Inc. bikeshare cities Google Map – screen capture 2/25/15 4. big data big brother is measuring transportation big data cell phone gps transponders fitness trackers/apps