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Anchoring the African Internet Ecosystem
Anchoring the African Internet Ecosystem Anchoring the African Internet Ecosystem: Lessons from Kenya and Nigeria’s Internet Exchange Point Growth By Michael Kende June 2020 CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 internetsociety.org 1 Anchoring the African Internet Ecosystem Table of contents 3 Executive summary 6 Background: A vision for Africa 8 Introduction: How to get there from here 13 Success stories: Kenya and Nigeria today 18 Results that stand the test of time 20 Change factors: Replicable steps toward measurable outcomes 27 Market gaps 29 Recommendations 33 Conclusions 34 Annex A: Kenya Internet Exchange Point 35 Annex B: Internet Exchange Point of Nigeria 36 Annex C: Acknowledgments 37 Annex D: Glossary of terms 38 Annex E: List of figures and tables CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 internetsociety.org 2 Anchoring the African Internet Ecosystem Executive summary In 2010, the Internet Society’s team in Africa set an The rapid pace of Internet ecosystem ambitious goal that 80% of African Internet traffic development in both Kenya and Nigeria since would be locally accessible by 2020. 2012 underscores the critical role that IXPs Internet Exchange Points (IXPs) are key to realizing and the accompanying infrastructure play in this goal in that they enable local traffic exchange and the establishment of strong and sustainable access to content. To document this role, in 2012, the Internet ecosystems. Internet Society commissioned a study to identify and quantify the significant benefits of two leading African This development produces significant day-to-day IXPs at the time: KIXP in Kenya and IXPN in Nigeria. value—the present COVID-19 crisis magnifies one such The Internet Society is pleased to publish this update benefit in the smooth accommodation of sudden of the original study. -
In This Issue: 11 Years All Optical Submarine Network Upgrades Of
66 n o v voice 2012 of the ISSn 1948-3031 Industry System Upgrades Edition In This Issue: 11 Years All Optical Submarine Network Upgrades of Upgrading Cables Systems? More Possibilities That You Originally Think Of! Excellence Reach, Reliability And Return On Investment: The 3R’s To Optimal Subsea Architecture Statistics Issue Issue Issue #64 Issue #3 #63 #2 Released Released Issue Released Released #65 Released 2 ISSN No. 1948-3031 PUBLISHER: Wayne Nielsen MANAGING EDITOR: Kevin G. Summers ovember in America is the month Forum brand which we will be rolling out we celebrate Thanksgiving. It during the course of the year, and which CONTRIBUTING WRITERS: Stewart Ash, is also the month SubTel Forum we believe will further enhance your James Barton, Bertrand Clesca, Dr Herve Fevrier, N Stephen Jarvis, Brian Lavallée, Pete LeHardy, celebrates our anniversary of existence, utility and enjoyment. We’re going to kick Vinay Rathore, Dr. Joerg Schwartz that now being 11 years going strong. it up a level or two, and think you will like the developments . And as always, it will Submarine Telecoms Forum magazine is When Ted and I established our little be done at no cost to our readers. published bimonthly by Submarine Telecoms magazine in 2001, our hope was to get Forum, Inc., and is an independent commercial enough interest to keep it going for a We will do so with two key founding publication, serving as a freely accessible forum for professionals in industries connected while. We had a list of contacts, an AOL principles always in mind, which annually with submarine optical fiber technologies and email address and a song in our heart; the I reaffirm to you, our readers: techniques. -
Abu Dhabi NREN ME-SIG April 6 2009
Partner and participant in Global R&E networking NREN ME-SIG meeting Abu Dhabi April 6th 2009 Yves Poppe ©2008 Tata Communications, Ltd. All Rights Reserved Member of the Tata Group 125-year old largest private sector group $62.5 billion in revenues Acquired VSNL in February 2002 § VSNL acquired Tyco in Nov 2004 § VSNL acquired Teleglobe in Feb 2006 Teleglobe, Tyco, VSNL and VSNL International become Tata Communications on February 13th 2008 Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) Cofounder and major shareholder in Neotel South Africa GROUP COMPANIES • Annual Spend ~ USD 85 Mn: 66% Equity of Tata Sons in Public Trusts Social Welfare Expenditure Sir Dorabji Tata Trust Sir Ratan Tata Trust budgeted before preparation of P&L account ACTIVITIES Indian Institute of Science, • Endowments for Creation of National Institutions: • Commitment to adjacent Bangalore communities incorporated in (1911) Indian Institute of Science company Articles of (1936) Tata Institute of Social Sciences Association (1941) Tata Memorial Hospital • Active volunteering (1945) Tata Institute of Fundamental programme: over 10,000 Research volunteers (1966) National Centre for the Performing Tata Institute of Fundamental • Company Examples: Research, Mumbai Arts • Development assistance in water harvesting, medical • Tata Steel: HIV / AIDS Programme - research, microfinance, bio-diversity Global Business Council Foreign scholarships - science & engineering Tata• Council for Community Initiatives winner Facilitating Role for companies’CSR activities • Triple Bottom-line Global -
KDDI Global ICT Brochure
https://global.kddi.com KDDI-Global Networks and IT Solutions Networking, Colocation, System Integration around the world BUILDING YOUR BUSINESS TOGETHER KDDI solutions are at the cutting-edge in all fields of information and communications KDDI, a Fortune Global 500 company, is one of Asia’s largest telecommunications providers, with approximately US$48 billion in annual revenue and a proven track record extending over many years and around the world. We deliver all-round services, from mobile phones to fixed-line communications, making us your one-stop solution provider for telecommunications and IT environments. The high praise and trust enjoyed by our TELEHOUSE data centers positioned around the world have kept us at the forefront of service and quality. Since our establishment in 1953, we have expanded our presence into 28 countries and 60 cities, with over 100 offices around the world supporting the success of our international customers through our high quality services. KDDI’s mobile telephone brand “au” has achieved significant market share in Japan, one of the world’s most comprehensive KDDI Quick Facts communications markets. KDDI’s relationship with over 600 carriers worldwide enables us to provide high-quality international network services in over 190 countries. Our exciting ventures, built on extensive experience, include investment in the “South-East Asia Japan 2 Cable”, which connects 11 locations in 9 countries and territories in Asia. Moreover, as the world moves toward the age of IoT and 5G, KDDI is taking steps to promote IoT business, such as connected cars, support for companies engaged in global business, and the creation of new value for our society. -
Broadband Infrastructure in the ASEAN-9 Region
BroadbandBroadband InfrastructureInfrastructure inin thethe ASEANASEAN‐‐99 RegionRegion Markets,Markets, Infrastructure,Infrastructure, MissingMissing Links,Links, andand PolicyPolicy OptionsOptions forfor EnhancingEnhancing CrossCross‐‐BorderBorder ConnectivityConnectivity Michael Ruddy Director of International Research Terabit Consulting www.terabitconsulting.com PartPart 1:1: BackgroundBackground andand MethodologyMethodology www.terabitconsulting.com ProjectProject ScopeScope Between late‐2012 and mid‐2013, Terabit Consulting performed a detailed analysis of broadband infrastructure and markets in the 9 largest member countries of ASEAN: – Cambodia – Indonesia – Lao PDR – Malaysia – Myanmar – Philippines – Singapore – Thailand – Vietnam www.terabitconsulting.com ScopeScope (cont(cont’’d.)d.) • The data and analysis for each country included: Telecommunications market overview and analysis of competitiveness Regulation and government intervention Fixed‐line telephony market Mobile telephony market Internet and broadband market Consumer broadband pricing Evaluation of domestic network connectivity International Internet bandwidth International capacity pricing Historical and forecasted total international bandwidth Evaluation of international network connectivity including terrestrial fiber, undersea fiber, and satellite Evaluation of trans‐border network development and identification of missing links www.terabitconsulting.com SourcesSources ofof DataData • Terabit Consulting has completed dozens of demand studies for -
NETWORK I2i LIMITED
NETWORK i2i LIMITED AUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED MARCH 31, 2020 NETWORK i2i LIMITED Contents Page No. 1. Corporate Information 3 2. Commentary of the Directors 4 3. Certificate from the secretary 5 4. Independent Auditor’s Report 7-8 5. Financial Statements - Statement of Comprehensive Income 9 - Statement of Financial Position 10 - Statement of Changes in Equity 11 - Statement of Cash Flows 12 - Notes to Financial Statements 13-54 NETWORK i2i LIMITED CORPORATE INFORMATION Date of Appointment DIRECTORS Bashirali Abdulla Currimjee February 09, 2001 Jantina Catharina Van De Vreede May 22, 2013 Naushad Ally Sohoboo September 06, 2013 Ajay Chitkara August 24, 2015 Rajvardhan Singh Bhullar April 18, 2016 Pravin Surana January 01, 2020 ADMINISTRATOR IQ EQ Corporate Services Mauritius Ltd. AND SECRETARY 33 Edith Cavell Street Port Louis, 11324 Mauritius REGISTERED OFFICE C/o IQ EQ Corporate Services Mauritius Ltd. 33 Edith Cavell Street Port Louis, 11324 Mauritius BANKERS Standard Chartered Bank (Mauritius) Limited 19 Bank Street, 6th floor, Standard Chartered Tower, Cybercity, Ebene, Mauritius – 72201 BNP Paribas, The Netherlands Herengracht, 595 1017, CE Amsterdam AUDITOR Deloitte 7th -8th Floor, Standard Chartered Tower, 19-21 Bank Street, Cybercity, Ebene, 72201, Mauritius 3 NETWORK i2i LIMITED COMMENTARY OF THE DIRECTORS The Directors present their commentary, together with the audited financial statements of Network i2i Limited (the ‘Company ’) for the year ended Mar ch 31, 20 20 . PRINCIPAL ACTIVITY The principal activity of the Company is the operation and provision of telecommunication facilities and services utilising a network of submarine cable systems and associated terrestrial capacity. The network consists of a 3,200 kilometer cable link between Singapore and India. -
02 Eassy Submarine Cable
IMPACT ASSESSMENT CASE STUDIES FROM SOUTHERN AFRICA Compiled by Paul Scherzer SAIEA E&D Consulting Services Client: Telkom SA Southern African Institute for Environmental Assessment ... working for a better Africa ROUTING OF THE EASSy SUBMARINE CABLE, SOUTH AFRICA Compiled by Paul Scherzer E&D Consulting Services Client: Telkom SA ROUTING OF THE EASSy SUBMARINE CABLE, SOUTH AFRICA Aims of the Project Brief description of the development and alternatives considered Telkom SA operates existing submarine fibre- Submarine telecommunication cables form a vital optic telecommunication cables in South African part of the global communications network. Fibre waters from two landing locations, one on the optic cables are essentially tiny glass fibres which west coast and the other at Mtunzini on the east. transmit digital pulses converted by computers at The South Africa Far East (SAFE) submarine cable was landed at Mtunzini in 2001. The existing cable station and shore-based infrastructure at Mtunzini had capacity for an additional cable. Telkom SA proposed to land another cable, the East Africa Submarine System telecommunica- tions cable (EASSy), on the main beach of Mtunzini. The aim of the proposed EASSy cable was to Figure 2: Illustration of cables enhance telecommunication links along the east and increasing levels of armouring coast of Africa, as this region relies exclusively on satellite which is expensive and limited in capacity. each end of the cable. A typical lightweight cable has a 17 mm outer diameter and comprises a welded steel tube housing multiple fibre pairs in a stress-free environment. In order to protect the cable, depending on the level of risk, the number and diameter of armour wires surrounding the cable is increased, with a high strength double armoured cable having an outer diameter of Figure 1: Route of the proposed EASSy cable approximately 45 mm (Figure 2). -
Connecting to the World by Mohamed Assoweh BOUH CEO, Djibouti Telecom
DJIBOUTI Connecting to the world BY MOHAMED ASSOWEH BOUH CEO, DJIBOUTI TELecoM ost people would find it difficult services over state of the art networks. to locate Djibouti on a world map, To date, Djibouti Telecom has a landing facility perhaps even unaware of its location serving five submarine cables, namely Sea Me We 3, in East Africa. Bearing this in mind, EIG (Europe India Gateway), EASSY (East Africa oneM of Djibouti Telecom’s objectives has been to shed Submarine System), SEACOM and the Aden- greater international light on our country, thanks to Djibouti cable. In addition, we have two upcoming which, today its role in connecting continents is fully transcontinental cables: AAE1 (Asia-Africa-Europe acknowledged. 1) and SEA-ME-WE 5 (it will connect Singapore to We have built on our privileged geographical position France, and Djibouti will be one of the 17 landing at the crossroads of Africa, Asia, the Middle East, and points). Moreover, Djibouti Telecom Teleport provides MOHAMED ASSOWEH Europe by investing in international infrastructure that both IP connectivity, as well as backhaul services, BOUH has worked at has allowed us to develop a fully resilient international thanks to its location on DT’s fiber network. Djibouti Telecom since data network. As a result of this investment process, As the leading operator on submarine cable 1995, occupying a the Republic of Djibouti has one of Africa’s most diversity in the region, our next step has been to foster range of posts, during advanced international telecommunications networks, partnerships with regional and international companies which time he has providing it with the strongest presence in the East and to provide a diverse range of wholesale services overseen the roll out African region. -
High-Speed Broadband Submarine Cable FLY-LION3 Makes Landfall in Mayotte
Press Release Mamoudzou (Mayotte), 25 February 2019 High-speed broadband submarine cable FLY-LION3 makes landfall in Mayotte Orange and the members of the FLY-LION3 (Lower Indian Ocean Network) consortium - the Société Réunionnaise du Radiotéléphonie and Comores Câbles - have completed the deployment of a new fibre-optic submarine cable connecting Moroni (Grande Comore) and Mamoudzou (Mayotte). The cable, which is scheduled to be activated in the third quarter of 2019, made landfall in Mamoudzou today. The 400 km-long FLY-LION3 cable will enhance the connectivity in the Indian Ocean by opening a new route to connect Mayotte to the global internet and a direct connection to Grande Comore. Orange Marine, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Orange group, is responsible for laying the cable. Diversification and security With landing stations in Kaweni (Mamoudzou) and Moroni, FLY- LION3 provides new diversification solutions for submarine telecommunications infrastructure and provides greater security in the event of outages in the zone. FLY-LION3 will also link to existing cables LION2 and EASSy, offering a direct connection to the east coast of Africa. The FLY-LION3 cable benefits from 1 wavelength division multiplexing technology, which enables each fibre pair to reach a maximum capacity of 20x100Gbps. The cable includes two pairs of fibres making for a total capacity of 4 terabits per second. FLY-LION3 will support the development of high-speed broadband internet in both regions for many years to come. Powerful networks for every region For many years, Orange has helped to improve connectivity in the Indian Ocean by participating and investing in several submarine cable projects: . -
Bharti and Reliance Jio Announce Agreement for International Data Connectivity’ Being Issued by the Company
April 23, 2013 The BSE Limited Phiroze Jeejeebhoy Towers, Dalal Street, Mumbai-400001 National Stock Exchange of India Limited Exchange Plaza C-1, Block G, Bandra Kurla Complex, Bandra (E), Mumbai-400051 Ref: Bharti Airtel Limited (532454 / BHARTIARTL) Sub: Press Release Dear Sir / Madam, We are enclosing herewith a press release titled ‘Bharti and Reliance Jio announce agreement for international data connectivity’ being issued by the Company. Kindly take the same on record. Thanking you, Sincerely Yours, For Bharti Airtel Limited Sd/- Rajendra Chopra Dy. Company Secretary Encl: As above Bharti Airtel Limited (A Bharti enterprise) Regd. & Corporate Office: Bharti Crescent, 1, Nelson Mandela Road, Vasant Kunj, Phase II, New Delhi 110 070 T.: +91-11-4166 6100, F: +91-11-4166 6137 Bharti and Reliance Jio announce agreement for international data connectivity • Reliance Jio to utilise dedicated fiber pair on Bharti’s i2i submarine cable that connects India and Singapore • State-of-the-art i2i cable system will provide Reliance Jio direct access and ultra fast connectivity to major hubs across Asia Pacific New Delhi, April 23, 2013 – Bharti Airtel Limited (“Bharti”), a leading global telecom services provider with operation s in 20 countries across Asia and Africa, and Reliance Jio Infocomm Limited (“Reliance Jio”) today announced that they have signed an Indefeasible Right to Use (IRU) Agreement, under which Bharti will provide Reliance Jio data capacity on its i2i submarine cable. i2i connects India to Singapore and is wholly owned by B harti. The state -of-the-art cable consists of eight fiber pairs using DWDM (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing) , capable of supporting multiple terabits of capacity per fiber pair. -
THE INSIDE VIEW the ASEAN Regional COVID-19 Response
The SPECIAL EDITION A SEAN NOVEMBER - DECEMBER 2020 ISSN 2721-8058 THE INSIDE VIEW CONVERSATIONS VIEWPOINT The ASEAN Regional Living Through WHO DIRECTOR-GENERAL COVID-19 Response The Pandemic Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, PhD “Canada’s Weapons Threat Reduction Program deeply values its impactful collaboration with the ASEAN Health Sector through the Mitigation of Biological Threats Program. This collaboration has meaningfully enhanced the capacity of ASEAN partners to prevent, detect, and respond to all manner of biological threats, whether natural, accidental, or deliberate in origin.” Diedrah Kelly Ambassador, Mission of Canada to ASEAN Read the full article on page 30 Contents 3 17 Secretary-General of ASEAN Dato Lim Jock Hoi IN THIS ISSUE Deputy Secretary-General of ASEAN for ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community (ASCC) Special Edition: Kung Phoak Stronger Health EDITORIAL BOARD Directors of ASCC Directorates Systems, Our Rodora T. Babaran, Lifeline in Ky-Anh Nguyen A Pandemic Assistant Directors of ASCC Divisions Ferdinal Fernando, Containment Measures Jonathan Tan, Across ASEAN 9 Mary Anne Therese Manuson, Mega Irena, Riyanti Djalante, ASEAN COVID-19 Sita Sumrit, Vong Sok Response: An Overview 11 ASEAN Center for Public EDITORIAL TEAM Editor-in-Chief Health Emergencies and Viewpoint Conversations Mary Kathleen Quiano-Castro Emerging Diseases 14 Associate Editor National Vaccine Security and Ltg. (Ret) Terawan Disa Edralyn, MD Joanne B. Agbisit Self-Reliance on the Pandemic Agus Putranto, MD, PhD Doctor, COVID-19 Survivor 40 Staff Writer -
PPC-1 Sydney-Guam PIPE Pacific Cable: New Internet Gateway for PNG Via Madang
Contemporary PNG Studies: DWU Research Journal Volume 15, November 2011 1 PPC-1 Sydney-Guam PIPE Pacific Cable: New Internet Gateway for PNG via Madang Peter K. Anderson Joseph Kim Suwamaru Abstract PPC-1 Sydney Guam PIPE Pacific Cable (PPC1) provides a third Internet gateway for Australia. A branching unit to Madang will be an initial connection for PNG to connect to the Internet via this pathway. The PPC- 1 undersea submarine cable which runs from Guam to Sydney provides a third high speed international gateway to Australia. A branching unit to Madang will be an initial connection for PNG providing a total bandwidth capacity of 10Gbps enabling high speed telecommunication traffic within PNG and also between PNG and the world. This paper presents the technical characteristics of the PPC-1 including the earlier submarine cable facilities. Key words: submarine cable , fiber optic, attenuation, signal amplification, dense wave division multiplexing (DWDM), optical add/drop multiplexing (OADM), branching unit. Introduction The evolving digital revolution is making a seemingly insatiable demand on bandwidth 1. Simultaneous paradigm shifts in telecommunications technology leading to enormous growth of transmission and switching capacity make more digital services available which further fuels the demand for bandwidth. Well known digital online services which drive demands on bandwidth include instant messaging (email) and Web access with file downloads, online shopping or electronic commerce (e.g. purchasing from Amazon.com), Internet banking and video conferencing 2. Emerging bandwidth demanding services include movie and video downloads, real time audio and video streaming, video on demand, free long distance telephone calls (VOIP 3), digital TV, and social networking sites such as Face Book, Twitter and Youtube which provides low definition TV.