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Anchoring the African Internet Ecosystem
Anchoring the African Internet Ecosystem Anchoring the African Internet Ecosystem: Lessons from Kenya and Nigeria’s Internet Exchange Point Growth By Michael Kende June 2020 CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 internetsociety.org 1 Anchoring the African Internet Ecosystem Table of contents 3 Executive summary 6 Background: A vision for Africa 8 Introduction: How to get there from here 13 Success stories: Kenya and Nigeria today 18 Results that stand the test of time 20 Change factors: Replicable steps toward measurable outcomes 27 Market gaps 29 Recommendations 33 Conclusions 34 Annex A: Kenya Internet Exchange Point 35 Annex B: Internet Exchange Point of Nigeria 36 Annex C: Acknowledgments 37 Annex D: Glossary of terms 38 Annex E: List of figures and tables CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 internetsociety.org 2 Anchoring the African Internet Ecosystem Executive summary In 2010, the Internet Society’s team in Africa set an The rapid pace of Internet ecosystem ambitious goal that 80% of African Internet traffic development in both Kenya and Nigeria since would be locally accessible by 2020. 2012 underscores the critical role that IXPs Internet Exchange Points (IXPs) are key to realizing and the accompanying infrastructure play in this goal in that they enable local traffic exchange and the establishment of strong and sustainable access to content. To document this role, in 2012, the Internet ecosystems. Internet Society commissioned a study to identify and quantify the significant benefits of two leading African This development produces significant day-to-day IXPs at the time: KIXP in Kenya and IXPN in Nigeria. value—the present COVID-19 crisis magnifies one such The Internet Society is pleased to publish this update benefit in the smooth accommodation of sudden of the original study. -
Regional Systems
SubmarineTelecomsFORUM REGIONAL SYSTEMS An international forum for the expression of ideas and opinions Issue 20 Issue 17 pertaining to the submarine telecoms industry May 2005 January 2005 1 Submarine Telecoms Forum is published bi-monthly by WFN Strategies, L.L.C. The publication may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form, in whole or in part, without the permission of the publishers. ExordiumWelcome to the 20th edition of Submarine Telecoms Forum, our Regional Systems issue. Submarine Telecoms Forum is an independent com- We are approximately 14 months from the previous SubOptic and only 24 months from the mercial publication, serving as a freely accessible forum for next! Whether that latter fact produces an air of excitement is certainly debatable, but I look professionals in industries connected with submarine optical forward to the next conference with far less trepidation than the last. fibre technologies and techniques. Liability: while every care is taken in preparation of this As I discussed with a GIS colleague recently, it is really nice to be drawing lines on a chart publication, the publishers cannot be held responsible for the again; even short lines are better than none of late. And while it’s still not time to cash in one’s stock, it is time to work again on some real projects. And those, even small, are a start. accuracy of the information herein, or any errors which may occur in advertising or editorial content, or any consequence arising from any errors or omissions. This issue brings some exciting articles together for your consideration. The publisher cannot be held responsible for any views Brian Crawford of Trans Caribbean Cable Company gives his view of the world in this issue’s expressed by contributors, and the editor reserves the right installment of Executive Forum. -
Advancing Connectivity for Connectivity Advancing
2016 ANNUAL REPORT ANNUAL 2016 CORPORATE DATA REGISTERED & PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICE TE Connectivity Ltd. Rheinstrasse 20 CH-8200 Schaffhausen Switzerland +41.0.52.633.66.61 2016 ANNUAL REPORT INDEPENDENT AUDITORS Deloitte & Touche LLP 1700 Market Street Philadelphia, PA 19103 Deloitte AG General Guisan-Quai 38 CH-8022 Zurich Switzerland STOCK EXCHANGE The company’s common shares are traded on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) under the ticker symbol TEL. ADVANCING CONNECTIVITY FOR FORM 10-K Copies of the company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year that ended September 30, 2016 may be obtained by shareholders without charge upon written request to TE Connectivity Ltd., Rheinstrasse 20, CH-8200 Schaffhausen, Switzerland. The Annual Report on Form 10-K is also available on the company’s website at www.te.com SHAREHOLDER SERVICES Registered shareholders (shares held in your own name with our transfer agent) with requests such as change of address or dividend checks should contact TE Connectivity’s transfer agent at: Wells Fargo Shareowner Services 1110 Centre Pointe Curve, Suite 101 Mendota Heights, MN 55120-4100 866.258.4745 www.shareowneronline.com Beneficial shareholders (shares held with a bank or broker) should contact the bank or brokerage holding their shares with their requests. Other shareholder inquiries may be directed to TE Connectivity Shareholder Services at the company’s registered and principal executive office above. www.te.com © 2017 TE Connectivity Ltd. All Rights Reserved. 001-AR-FY2016 TE Connectivity, TE, TE connectivity (logo) are trademarks of the TE Connectivity family of companies. Other logos, product, and/or company names may be trademarks of their respective owners. -
Submarine Telecoms INDUSTRY REPORT 2012
submarine telecoms INDUSTRY REPORT 2012 1 Submarine Cable Industry Report Issue 1 July 2012 Copyright © 2012 by Submarine Telecoms Forum, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced by any means, graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping or by any information storage retrieval system without the written permission of the publisher except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. Submarine Telecoms Forum, Inc. 21495 Ridgetop Circle Suite 201 Sterling, Virginia 20166 USA www.subtelforum.com ISSN: applied for 2 Disclaimer: While every care is taken in preparation of this publication, the publishers cannot be held responsible for the accuracy of the information herein, or any errors which may occur in advertising or editorial content, or any consequence arising from any errors or omissions, and the editor reserves the right to edit any advertising or editorial material submitted for publication. If you have a suggestion, please let us know by emailing [email protected]. 3 Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction 13 2.0 Worldwide Market Analysis and Outlook 14 2.1 Connecting the Unconnected 14 2.2 Overview of Historical System Investment 15 2.3 2008 to 2012 Systems in Review 16 2.4 Systems Investment Beyond 2012 17 2.5 Decommissioning 18 3.0 Supplier Analysis 20 3.1 System Suppliers 20 3.2 Upgrade Suppliers 20 4.0 Ownership Analysis 23 4.1 Financing of Current Submarine Systems 23 4.2 Financing of Proposed Submarine Systems 23 5.0 Recent -
BPO Industry Growth in SA Factors at Work That Inhibit and Uplift the Telecommunications Market
BPO industry growth in SA Factors at work that inhibit and uplift the telecommunications market Abstract The cost of telecommunications prevails as a primary inhibitor for the growth of the BPO industry in South Africa. Despite this however, South Africa has established itself as a lucrative outsourcing hub on the strength of overall quality of services delivered. Expanding undersea cable networks, increased Government support, increased broadband bandwidth capacity, use of robotics, increased skills development and access to growing skills pools as well as lower business broadband costs required to boost this industry further. This paper examines some of these factors and provides recommendations to grow the BPO industry in South Africa. Background As the global economy increasingly shifts In addition to Call Centre solutions, the towards a digital economy, it becomes most sought after service from a vertical very important for telcos to provide perspective in South Africa, has been competitive voice and data services. The in the finance and accounting sector cost of business broadband connectivity which accounts for 50% of the market. and associated services are quite high Talent also plays a key role in the growth in the Africa region when compared to of the outsourcing industry e.g. with other parts of the world. There are a the focus on Artificial Intelligence (AI) number of factors behind this which are and analytics driven solutions, South inextricably linked to the growth of the Africa has a larger number of actuarial Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) resources when compared to India, business in South Africa. Although, the and can provide support in a number cost of telecoms for consumers in South of languages including French and Africa has reduced significantly in the Spanish. -
African International Capacity Demand, Supply and Economics in an Era of Bandwidth Abundance
The Future of African Bandwidth Markets African International Capacity Demand, Supply and Economics in an Era of Bandwidth Abundance A XALAM ANALYTICS INVESTOR REPORT May 2017 Our analysis goes deeper. For we know no other way. Xalam. Xalam Analytics, LLC Part of the Light Reading Research Network 1 Mifflin Place, Harvard Sq., Suite 400, Cambridge, MA 02138 [email protected] Copyright 2017 by Xalam Analytics, LLC. All rights reserved. Please see important disclosures at the end of this document. We welcome all feedback on our research. Please email feedback to: [email protected] © Xalam Analytics LLC - 2017 2 About this Report The Xalam Analytics reports offer our take on key strategic and tactical questions facing market players in the markets we cover. They leverage continuous primary and secondary research and our Africa digital infrastructure, services and applications forecast models. Our general objective is to provide our customers with alternative, independent views of the forces driving the marketplace, along with a view on outlook and value. We purposefully refer to our reports as “Investor Reports”, though we do not provide stock recommendations. This, we believe, emphasizes the general focus of our analysis on economic value – from an investor’s perspective. The insights in this reports are our views, and our views only. Some of the elements are speculative and/or scenario-based. This report follows a format purposefully designed to be easy to read, with a style that aims to be straightforward, while adding value. We are obsessed with not wasting our customers’ time, and providing them with commensurate value for the investment they are making in our content. -
Optimizing Internet Application Performance
EQUINIX WHITEPAPER OPTIMIZING INTERNET APPLICATION PERFORMANCE By the Equinix Innovations Team TABLE OF CONTENTS pages Introduction 2 Speed 3 Availability & Consistency 3 Platform EquinixSM 4-5 How Do We Test Application Performance? 6 Results 7 Round Trip Time, Traceroutes, Availability, and Predictability 7-8 Takeaways 9 1 © 2010-2011 Equinix, Inc. | www.equinix.com EQUINIX WHITEPAPER OPTIMIZING INTERNET APPLICATION PERFORMANCE By the Equinix Innovations Team In today’s digital economy, performance can be a strategic differentiator for your company. Whether you’re a bank handling millions of clients online, a retailer dependent on your website to drive sales, or a cloud computing company powering enterprises, performance-related end user experience is one of the key criteria on which your company will be judged. There are numerous examples of how performance can impact revenue: ■■ Amazon — “Every 100ms delay costs Performance isn’t just about the speed of a site; availability and 1 consistency are also important. Being able to deliver consistent, 1% of sales” — for 2009 that translates reliable service is fundamental to customer conversion and into $245 million retention. From frustrated consumers trying to buy gifts for Christmas to multinational companies attempting to do computational modeling, all types of customers become frustrated ■■ Mozilla shaved 2.2 seconds of when websites or cloud services aren’t fast or pages fail to load. load time off its landing pages and Being able to provide your customers a consistent experience, increased download conversions by or in the case of the enterprise, to actually guarantee that performance and consistency with a Service Level Agreement 15.4%, translating into an additional (SLA), translates to increased revenue by improving the end user 60 million downloads each year2 experience and reducing resistance from corporate buyers. -
Lifting Barriers to Internet Development in Africa: Suggestions for Improving Connectivity
Report for the Internet Society Lifting barriers to Internet development in Africa: suggestions for improving connectivity May 2013 Robert Schumann, Michael Kende Ref: 35729-502d1 . Contents Executive summary 1 1 Introduction 5 2 The Internet access value chain 10 2.1 Overview of the value chain 10 2.2 Relative costs of parts of the value chain 12 3 Comparing Internet access in African countries 16 3.1 Demographic overview 17 3.2 Market environment 18 3.3 Internet indicators 20 4 Identifying successes and failures 27 4.1 International connectivity 27 4.2 National and metro backhaul 36 4.3 ISP market 43 4.4 Policy environment 44 5 Policy lessons and impact of best practice 46 5.1 Removing roadblocks 46 5.2 Promoting investment and services 51 5.3 High-level political leadership 55 6 Conclusion 58 Annex A Contributors to this study Annex B Glossary Annex C About us Ref: 35729-502d1 . Lifting barriers to Internet development in Africa: suggestions for improving connectivity Copyright © 2013. Analysys Mason Limited and The Internet Society (ISOC). This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/. The analysis and conclusions presented in this report are those of the stated author and Analysys Mason Limited, and have been arrived at independently of any client-specific work. Google provided financial contribution for this study but the findings do not necessarily represent the company's view. Analysys Mason Limited Bush House, North West Wing Aldwych London WC2B 4PJ UK Tel: +44 (0)845 600 5244 Fax: +44 (0)20 7395 9001 [email protected] www.analysysmason.com Registered in England No. -
Digital Connectivity
SECTION 2 DIGITAL CONNECTIVITY ASEF Outlook Report 2016/2017 57 2.1. From Harmonising Cyberpolicies to Promoting Twiplomacy: How Diplomacy Can Strengthen Asia-Europe’s Digital Connectivity Jovan KURBALIJA1 Abstract Together Asia and Europe accommodate more than two billion Internet users, which accounts for about two-thirds of the global user base, and this number is still growing. With the ever-expanding number of users, the Internet drives global social and economic developments; social media is central to the lives of many Asians and Europeans and e-commerce is facilitating international and inter-regional economic linkages. At the same time, with the heightened dependence on the Internet, the risks of cyber threats have exponentially grown. How can Asian and European diplomats capture the benefits of the Internet-facilitated connections, while cooperating to ensure cybersecurity? This chapter provides an analysis of the digital connectivity between Asia and Europe, seen from a diplomatic perspective. After the introductory remarks, the first section addresses digital geoeconomics and geopolitics and provides an analysis of the impact of the Internet on the fast- changing political, social, and economic environment for diplomatic activities. The second section outlines the ways in which Asia and Europe deal with digital policy issues as an important pre-condition for more intensive digital connectivity. In particular, the analysis focuses on how the two regions address the main digital policy challenges, including the regulation of the Internet infrastructure, privacy and data governance, cybersecurity, and content policy. 1 The research was conducted with the help of Ms Barbara Rosen Jacobson, Research Assistant at DiploFoundation. -
Submarine Telecoms
SUBMARINE TELECOMS FORUMISSUE 111 | MARCH 2020 FINANCE & LEGAL EXORDIUM FROM THE PUBLISHER WELCOME TO ISSUE 111, OUR FINANCE & LEGAL EDITION f ever there was a need for connectivity, Maybe this is the time to perfect virtual it is today… conferences. From my vantage along the Poto- But on the flipside, I read an article re- mac River the news has been coming cently saying if everyone stayed home, we like a slow moving, yet unstoppable would “break” the internet. Wow, really? I Itrain. Contingency plans have been know I play too much Team Fortress as it prepared and revised. Supplies have been is, but I doubt my supposed increase will purchased and stored, ready for use if shatter anything. absolutely necessary. Yet as an industry we are still incredibly We have already experienced a single busy, adapting to new, challenging rules wave of chest colds through the office, for fielding personnel and assets, but still which is typical this time of year, and getting the job done. have decided, if it comes to it, that we can all work remotely. Half of our people Q&A WITH BERMUDA are located somewhere else anyway; This issue we are talking trends with so, we can simply Skype or Webex or Bermuda’s Deputy Premier and Minister of whatever each other for various project Home Affairs, and gaining an understand- or marketing or planning meetings, and ing of the island’s new legal framework and bank the travel budget for now. I was on a video future plans for submarine cables. Bermuda I was on a video telecon the other day telecon the other is looking to establish itself as a landing with two international locations and was hub for transatlantic submarine cables; so, struck how the general consensus was day with two this is certainly a very interesting read. -
World Bank Group
WORLD BANK GROUP Strategy and PPP Options for Supporting the ICT Sector and Broadband Connectivity in Somalia January 2017 WORLD BANK GROUP Strategy and PPP Options for Supporting the ICT Sector and Broadband Connectivity in Somalia (P154836) FINAL REPORT Contents List of Figures .......................................................................................................................................... 6 1 Executive summary ......................................................................................................................... 7 2 Component 1: Developing a medium-term ICT sector connectivity strategy .............................. 10 2.1 Strategic objectives for the sector ........................................................................................ 10 2.2 Current and future bandwidth demand in Somalia .............................................................. 13 2.2.1 International bandwidth ............................................................................................... 13 2.2.2 Transit bandwidth to Ethiopia ...................................................................................... 15 2.2.3 Domestic bandwidth ..................................................................................................... 17 2.3 Regulatory environment and necessary reforms ................................................................. 18 2.3.1 Gaps in Somali legal and regulatory framework ........................................................... 18 2.3.2 Federal Government -
Amanzimtoti, Kwazulu-Natal on the East Coast of South Africa
WIOCC PROPOSED MARINE TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM (2AFRICA/GERA (EAST) CABLE SYSTEM) TO BE LANDED AT AMANZIMTOTI, KWAZULU-NATAL ON THE EAST COAST OF SOUTH AFRICA DRAFT SCOPING REPORT March 2021 WIOCC PROPOSED MARINE TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM (2AFRICA/GERA (EAST) CABLE SYSTEM) TO BE LANDED AT AMANZIMTOTI, KWAZULU-NATAL, ON THE EAST COAST OF SOUTH AFRICA DRAFT SCOPING REPORT Compiled for` Compiled by WIOCC South Africa (Pty) Ltd ACER (Africa) Environmental Consultants The Design Quarter, Cnr William Nicol Ave & PO Box 503 Leslie Road Suite 112, 1st Floor Suites 5 & 6, Golden Penny Centre Fourways, Gauteng 2055 26 Hely Hutchinson Road South Africa Mtunzini, 3867 South Africa March 2021 WIOCC ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED 2AFRICA/GERA (EAST) CABLE SYSTEM LANDING AT AMANZIMTOTI, KWAZULU-NATAL, ON THE EAST COAST OF SOUTH AFRICA DOCUMENT CONTROL DRAFT SCOPING REPORT i WIOCC ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED 2AFRICA/GERA (EAST) CABLE SYSTEM LANDING AT AMANZIMTOTI, KWAZULU-NATAL, ON THE EAST COAST OF SOUTH AFRICA DRAFT SCOPING REPORT DISTRIBUTION The Draft Scoping Report is available for public review at the following public venues in the project area for a 30 day comment period (19 March to 22 April 2021). Venue Street Contact Person and Number Amanzimtoti Public Library 1 Riverside Road Ms Busi Nyathikazi Amanzimtoti Tel: 031 311 5882 YOUR COMMENTS PLEASE Please submit your comments by no later than 22 April 2021 to: Carina Boonzaaier or Ashleigh Mckenzie ► P O Box 503, Mtunzini, 3867 ► Tel: 035 340 2715 ► E-mail: [email protected] Please note that, in line with the NEMA 2014 EIA Regulations (as amended), all registered interested and affected parties are required to disclose any direct business, financial, personal or other interest which that party may have in the approval or refusal of the application.