Abu Dhabi NREN ME-SIG April 6 2009

Partner and participant in Global R&E networking

NREN ME-SIG meeting Abu Dhabi April 6th 2009

Yves Poppe

125-year old largest private sector group

$62.5 billion in revenues

Acquired VSNL in February 2002 § VSNL acquired Tyco in Nov 2004 § VSNL acquired Teleglobe in Feb 2006

Teleglobe, Tyco, VSNL and VSNL International become Tata Communications on February 13th 2008

Tata Consultancy Services (TCS)

Cofounder and major shareholder in Neotel South Africa GROUP COMPANIES

• Annual Spend ~ USD 85 Mn: 66% Equity of Tata Sons in Public Trusts Social Welfare Expenditure Sir Dorabji Tata Trust Sir Ratan Tata Trust budgeted before preparation of P&L account ACTIVITIES Indian Institute of Science, • Endowments for Creation of National Institutions: • Commitment to adjacent Bangalore communities incorporated in (1911) Indian Institute of Science company Articles of (1936) Tata Institute of Social Sciences Association (1941) Tata Memorial Hospital • Active volunteering (1945) Tata Institute of Fundamental programme: over 10,000 Research volunteers (1966) National Centre for the Performing Tata Institute of Fundamental • Company Examples: Research, Mumbai Arts • Development assistance in water harvesting, medical • Tata Steel: HIV / AIDS Programme - research, microfinance, bio-diversity Global Business Council Foreign scholarships - science & engineering Tata• Council for Community Initiatives winner Facilitating Role for companies’CSR activities • Triple Bottom-line Global Reporting Initiative • Tata Consultancy: • UN Global Compact Adult Literacy Programme National Center for the Performing Arts, Mumbai • Tata Index for Sustainable Development § Founded in 1945 located in Mumbai § Developed TIFRAC, the first Indian computer in 1956 § Obtained full university status in 2003 § Focus on mathematics and natural sciences § very active in High Energy Physics and astronomy § Connectivity with CERN § e-VLBI connectivity for NCRA in Pune

TIFRAC-2 India Knowledge Grid

§ERNET, India’s R&E network connects around 1500 institutions §GARUDA project connects 45 institutions at 100mbps

UNIVERSITY

R&D COLLEGES Institutions

IISC/ IIT’s/ MHRD KNOWLEDGE NIT GRID

STATE AICTE EDUCATION Depts. UGC NCERT Historical Telecommunications Provider to R&E Community

1995: Teleglobe provides first NGI connection for the Brussels G7 Summit: 155mb Teleglobe provides the capacity to Canarie and co-represents Canada in the GIBN (Global Inter- operability of Broadband Networks) As a member of Canarie Technical Advisory council, Teleglobe encourages creation of Starlight in Chicago. 2001: Teleglobe sets up the first trans-oceanic lambda linking SURFnet to Starlight (2.5 gbps) 1st lambdagrid workshop in Amsterdam 2002: iGrid2002 Amsterdam, Tyco provides 10gig connection between Netherlight and Abilene in NY through the IEEAF Foundation. 2003: creation of GLIF at the 3rd lambdagrid workshop in Reykjavik. Tyco provides the Pacific and Atlantic connectivity for Gloriad. Teleglobe had provided the predecessor project Naukanet. 2005: VSNL acquires Tyco Global Network 2005: Gloriad expands with a Tyco/VSNL 10 Gbps link between Korea and US 2006: VSNL acquires Teleglobe 2006: VSNL provides short term STM4 to support CHEP06 event in India 2007: VSNL provides multiple 10G to CERN 2008: Tata Communications providing > 10 x 10G in Atlantic and Pacific routes and access to the commercial internet for various R&E initiatives and groups. Amsterdam, early lambda capital

First lambda workshop, Amsterdam Sept 2001 iGrid2002 focuses lambdas on Amsterdam

10 Gbit/s Tyco NewNew YorkYork 2.5 Gbit/s

AmsterdamAmsterdam DwingelooDwingeloo 10 Gbit/s ASTRON/ NetherLightNetherLight DWDM ASTRON/ Level3 JIVE CAnet 2.5 Gbit/s SURFnet JIVE ChicagoChicago SURFnet 2.5 Gbit/s StarLightStarLight SURFnet

2.5 Gbit/s CERNCERN CERN The GLIF (Global Lambda Integrated Facility) § created at the third lambda workshop; Reykjavik Aug 2003 § Major impetus from Canarie (Bill St.Arnaud) and Surfnet (Kees Neggers) § Grew to include Tata contribution to GLIF – Atlantic

Tata TataL GTS GTS

Tata GTS

Tata GTS Tata GTS

Source: http://www.glif.is/ Tata contribution to GLIF - Pacific

Tata GTS Tata Tata GTS GTS

Tata GTS

Source: http://www.glif.is/ Spring 2009: Amsterdam remains the R&E lambda capital Canadian R&E networking: Canet* 4

Is more a hybrid infrastructure than a network § 72 lambda 10G multi-degree ROADM over CANARIE fibre § Chicago-Windsor/Detroit-Toronto-Ottawa-Montréal-Boston-NYC (2700 km) § Seattle-Victoria-Vancouver-Kamloops-Calgary (1500km) § OC-192 wavelengths from carriers (5 currently), SONET line-terminated on CANARIE equipment § Will be upgraded to 72 lambda 40G ROADM under Canet*5 designed to support many independent IP networks, including testbeds § enables Users to custom build a network to their needs and constraints

Connects the regional and provincial R&E networks and Government Research Institutes Some current examples of major e-Research Projects

ALMA

LHC

Sloan Digital Sky Survey

ATLAS Vision for Gulf R&E Networking connectivity to the World

§Lambda level connectivity between the Gulf countries R&E networks §Lambda level connectivity to GLIF via Amsterdam Netherlight §Lambda level connectivity to India and Singapore §Lambda level connectivity to North America Current Cable Connectivity in the Gulf

Kuwait-Iran Qatar-UAE TW-1 Pakistan-UAE FOG

FLAG, SMW3 and SMW4 FLAG Falcon have Fujairah landings

Maps: Telegeography Circling the world on Tata Communication owned Submarine Cable

TGN Eurasia Intra-Europe Trans-Pacific

• London Trans-Pacific

• New York • Frankfurt • San Francisco • Tokyo

• Hong Kong Trans-Atlantic • Mumbai SMW 3 & 4; FEA TGN Intra-Asia • Singapore

TIC, i2i & SMW 4

New Cables SAT3 & SAFE Capacity Purchase

Cable Name Connecting Ownership Cable Name Connecting Ownership

TGN-Intra Asia Singapore Hong Majority Owner IMEWE India, Middle East, Consortium Member Kong, Japan, Egypt, Italy, France Vietnam, Philippines

SEACOM India, Egypt, South Initial Capacity TGN-Eurasia India to France via Majority Owner Africa Owner Egypt India IPL | SEA-ME-WE-4 (SMW-4) § Consortium Cable § VSNL is Network Administrator § Protection on SMW3 § Auto-protection currently § Ring-Protected Backhaul in Marseilles and Palermo § Leading SLAs for Service Availability § Linked Directly to VSNL’s Redundant NLD Network in India § Full Range of Service Offerings including: § E-1, DS-3, STM-1, and STM-4 (ICB)

City-to-City Connectivity: • Mumbai to Europe • Mumbai to Singapore

Onward Connectivity via: • India Domestic NLD • VSNL European network • TGN-A • C2C and EAC out of Singapore I-ME-WE SEACom Cable System First Cable system connecting E. Africa to S. Africa, India and Europe

§ Length: 13,000km Cable § Locations: § South Africa (Mtunzini) § Mozambique (Maputo) § Madagascar (Toliary), § Tanzania (Dar es Salaam) § Kenya (Mombasa) § India (Mumbai) § Djibouti (Djibouti) § France (Marseille) § Ultimate Capacity: 1,280 Gbps § City-to-City Connectivity onto the Tata Communications Networks in Europe, India, & USA § Full Range of Service Offerings including: § E1, DS-3, STM-1 through STM-64 § Lease and IRU Contracts available

§ Expected RFS: 2H2009

The Gulf Cable Project

Trans-Atlantic

Kuwait KSA Bahrain Qatar Trans-Pacific UAE Tata Oman Mumbai Global Network

for discussion purposes only TGN - Europe § European Ring § City-to-City Connectivity to: § London, Paris, Amsterdam, Frankfurt § Lisbon, Madrid, Marseille § Full Range of Service Offerings including: § DS-3, STM-1 through STM-64 § Wavelength Services § Fiber Pairs § Ethernet Services § New Connection to Marseille Landings § Provides access from Marseille to USA not touching London or Paris. TGN - Atlantic

Connectivity across the Atlantic from Europe, Middle East, Africa, and India

• Full range of Service Offerings including: _ DS3, STM1 through STM-64 _ Wavelength Services _ Fiber Pairs _ Ethernet Services • Lease and IRU Contracts available

• Ability to connect from Marseille to USA, avoiding NYC and London • USA presence in 32 A of A, 60 Hudson, 111 8th, 165 Halsey, and Ashburn Trans-America Connections Connectivity from the Atlantic and Pacific Systems to all major business centers in USA and Canada

§Full Range of Services including: § E-1 through STM-64 § Unprotected and Protected Services § Wavelengths Services § Ethernet Services §Lease & IRUs available Diverse Connectivity to and from India Comprehensive Cable Redundancy into India

NLD Backbone §40,000 Route Km covering 300 major cities SMW4 §Pan India Coverage • Network Administrator §Mesh Architecture for resilience MAN Network SMW3 & SAFE §Fiber in 32+ cities WIMAX Network • Landing Party in India §Deployed in 110+ towns

Tata Indicom Cable New cables in 2009 and 2010 • TGN-EurAsia: RFS 2H2009 • 100% TCL Owned and Operated • IMEWE: RFS 1Q2010 • SEACom: RFS 2H2009 Tata Indicom Cable (TIC) and TGN-EurAsia (TGN-EA) Owned and operated cable systems East and West from India

§City to City Connectivity to all India locations and major business centers globally. §Full Range of Services including: § Sub-rate through STM-64 §TGN-EA and TIC are High § Unprotected and Protected and Capacity Systems connecting India Restored Services to Europe and Asia Pac. § Wavelengths Services §Direct Links to TCL’s India Network § Ethernet Services §Deep Shore Burial §Lease & IRU contracts available §Redundancy East and West from India TGN - Pacific Connectivity across the Pacific between the USA, Japan, and the Asia Pacific

Physical Hillsborough Nedona Emi GT2

Shinagawa

Seattle Toyohashi Hillsboro Portland

Los Angeles Santa Clara To Tokyo, Emi & Maruyama New York Toyohashi Chikura Los Angeles

• City-to-City Connectivity in Japan and USA To APCN-2 & TGN-IA • Full Range of Service Offerings including _ E-1, DS-3, STM-1 through STM-64 Logical Hillsborough _ Protected and Unprotected Guam _ Wavelength Services _ Fiber Pairs _ Ethernet Services

Shinagawa • Lease & IRU Contracts available

Los Angeles • Backhaul available from Chikura (APCN-2) and connectivity from APCN-2 onto TGN-P TGN - Intra Asia

Length: 6,800 km # of Fiber Pairs: 4 Initial Capacity: 320Gbps Design Capacity: 3.84Tbps Speeds available: STM-1/4/16 & 10G Day One Landing Points: § Singapore § Tokyo § Guam § Philippines § Hong Kong § Vietnam Expected Latencies § SNG– JP = 63msec RTD § SNG – HK = 33msec RTD § HK – JP = 45msec RTD § SNG – Vietnam CLS= 16.5msec RTD § Vietnam CLS – Philippines CLS = 24msec RTD § Philippines CLS – Japan = 33msec RTD

Expected Ready For Service: 3Q2008 PIPE Cable System High Speed Connectivity Into Australia via Pipe

• 2 fibre pair system • Support 96x10G waves per fiber pair • Total of 1.92 Terabits of capacity • City-to-City Connectivity to: _ Sydney _ Guam _ Japan _ USA, India, Asia Pac, Europe • Full range of Service Offerings including: _ E-1, DS-3, STM-1 through STM-16 _ Unprotected Services _ Ethernet Services • Lease and IRU Contracts available

• Expected RFS: July 2009

29 TGN - Pacific

• 8 Fiber Pairs Cable Seattle • Supports 96 10Gb/s Hillsboro Portland waves per fiber pair Santa Clara To Tokyo Emi New York Toyohashi Maruyama Los Angeles

• 8 Fiber Pairs Per Cable Ring • Supports 64 10Gb/s waves per fiber pair • City-to-City Connectivity to: • Portland • 8 Fiber Pairs Cable • Seattle • Los Angeles • Supports 96 10Gb/s Guam waves per fiber pair • Santa Clara • Tokyo • Full Range of Service Offerings including: • DS-3, STM-1 through STM-64 • Wavelength Services • Fiber Plans • Ethernet Services Repairing subsea cable systems

Subsea optical fibers are 21 millimeters in diameter and the cables lay on the ocean floor. Quakes displace cables from their original location, cause landslides, stir sediment layers and displace and even sometimes bury cables The Bashi Channel is 2500-4000m deep and a remotely operated underwater robot cannot be operated below a depth of 2000 m, so grapnels had to be used in this case to repair 18 faults. It took 49 days to complete all repairs. In shallow waters such as was the case for Alexandria cable breaks, robots could be used and repairs take on average ten days allowing for the cable ships to arrive on site. Reparing a deep subsea cable system

Cable repair ship C.S. Charles Brown A grapnel fitted with a cutter and a grabbing tool. Powerful vessel equipped to maintain station and perform cable repair in rough weather conditions. 45 by 60 cm (18 by 24 in) Not so rough weather

Dropping grapnel + dragging oceanfloor + recover cable = 16 hours Average repair duration = 7 days Lessons learned: Circle the globe

The deadly earthquake close to the Algerian coast on May 21st 2003 measuring 6.8 cut both the SMW-3 and FLAG cables forcing most Asia –Europe traffic to go east via North-America.

The December 26, 2006, Taiwan earthquake forced a lot of Asia–North- America traffic to go west via Europe

The January 30th 2008 Alexandria cable breaks forced traffic East

The December 19th 2008 Alexandria cable breaks forced traffic East Tata Communications – your best partner for your communication needs “Tata Communications Maintains Connectivity During Triple Cable Cuts” -By MyHostNews.com December 29th, 2008 | Posted under Press Releases Web Hosting News - SINGAPORE - Tata Communications maintained Internet connectivity to its customers in India, Middle East, and South East Asia and restored normal connectivity to its customers in these regions on December 20, 2008, within a day of the triple cable cuts of December 19, 2008.

Three major undersea cables (SMW3, SMW4, and FLAG) were damaged in the Mediterranean, disrupting Internet and communication services in parts of Asia, India and the Middle East. During this triple cable cut, Tata Communications’ global Internet backbone maintained full connectivity and remained completely operational. Although there was induced latency in some routes, the activation of a diverted path towards North America and Europe via East Asia, Trans-Pacific and Trans-Atlantic routes enabled and contributed to the service continuity and minimal service interruption.

Tata Communications fully completed its disaster recovery plan for South Asia, India and Middle East & North Africa regions within 24 hours leveraging its global, diverse submarine cable and IP network, at which point Tata Communications started implementing incremental bandwidth to the severely impacted regions. “Tata Communications’ extensive Global Internet backbone has diverse eastward and westward paths which enable us to maintain services when incidents like this one occur,” said Radwan Moussalli, Managing Director, Middle East & North Africa, Tata Communications. “We are proud of our global operations and engineering team that worked round the clock to execute a speedy and successful recovery plan to ensure business continuity for our Internet customers.”

Source: http://www.myhostnews.com/2008/12/tata-communications-maintains-connectivity-during-triple-cable-cuts/ Tata Communications – your best partner for your communication needs

“Damage to undersea cables hits Net speed” 21 Dec 2008, 0235 hrs IST, Radhika Oberoi, TNN

The cables - Sea Me We 4 (SMW 4), Sea Me We 3 (SMW 3) and FLAG EA - run under the sea between Egypt and Italy and carry 90% of all data between Europe and the Middle East.

According to a France Telecom report, while Maldives is 100% down, there has been an 82% disruption in India. Among other countries affected are Saudi Arabia, Egypt, UAE, Malaysia, Pakistan, Qatar and Zambia.

SMW 4 and FLAG cables were also damaged earlier this year in the Mediterranean. While speculation is rife, investigations revealed that one of the cuts was caused by a ship's anchor.

Previously, SMW 3 was used to re-route traffic. But this time, it has also been damaged. SMW 4 and SMW 3 are owned by several companies including Bharti Airtel while the FLAG cable system is owned by Reliance Globalcom.

BPOs as well as entrepreneurs in the travel and hospitality business are anxious about the interruptions that have added to their woes of erratic business in recessionary times.

Virender Singh, manager, IT, at NIIT SmartServe Limited, explains that the BPO has three layers of redundancies (alternatives) in internet that cushioned the impact of slow connectivity. "The Bharti circuit was heavily degraded. We survived because of our Tata and VSNL circuits," he says. He also stresses on the fact that an alternative cable system enabled them to restore traffic via the Pacific route. "Otherwise, we would've missed our client SLAs (Service Level Agreements) and that's a scary thought."

Source: http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Damage_to_undersea_cables_hits_Net_speed/rssarticleshow/3868183.cms http://www.tatacommunications.com/news/release-view.asp?d=20081226-cablecuts Tata Communications – your best partner for your communication needs February 01, 2008 04:30 PM Eastern Daylight Time VSNL Restores Internet Services within 24 Hours Following Egypt Submarine Cable Break MUMBAI, India--(BUSINESS WIRE)--VSNL (NYSE: VSL), a leading communications solutions provider, confirmed today that the company restored a majority of its IP connectivity into the MENA region within 24 hours of the Egypt cable breakdown on Thursday. On January 30, 2008, the SEA-ME-WE 4 and other undersea cables were severed off the coast of Alexandria, Egypt. These cables serve as the principal Internet connections between the Middle East and westward on to Europe and North America. They also connect the Indian subcontinent and South East Asia. The impact of the cut cables resulted in degraded Internet service to and from the Middle East. VSNL has an Internet backbone that circles the world allowing both eastward and westward connectivity from all regions, a major differentiator among carriers. This allows VSNL to leverage its ownership in a vast array of diverse undersea and terrestrial cables assets. VSNL is proud of the team effort that united the companys network and operations teams across three continents to execute an ambitious recovery plan in 24 hours, said Radwan Mousalli, Managing Director - MENA, VSNL. Our cable layout and design allowed us to survive a double cable failure as well as develop enough capacity eastward across the Pacific for the internet to reach North America and Europe. Although many other carriers in the region lost service completely, VSNL was able to restore majority of their Middle East customers traffic utilizing the SEA-ME-WE 3,SEA-ME-WE 4 eastbound and TIC cable following the cut. Unlike other carriers, VSNLs global undersea presence and strength of technical expertise allowed the company to continue service through multiple cable systems. Many enterprises chose to buy from cable operators who have capacity on a number of systems because protection is nearly guaranteed and if necessary, restoration is achieved quicker. In the case of India too services were largely restored within 24 hours of the cable cut by diverting traffic through the TIC and SEA-ME-WE 3 cables.