DOCSLIB.ORG

Myingyan Degree College-2017 ,Vol-8-Compressed

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Myingyan Degree College-2017 ,Vol-8-Compressed 1 Myingyan Degree College Research Journal Vol .8, 2017 Study and Analysis on Composition Sakkarajs of Three Eigyins of Taungngu Period Tin Oo* Abstract This paper deals with the study and analysis on the composition sakkarajs (Myanmar Era) of such eigyins (classical poems addressed to a royal child extolling the glory of ancestors) as MintayarmedawEigyin, Minyekyawzwar Son Eigyin and Thakhingyi Eigyin appeared in Taungngu Period. This paper reveals the differences in the traditional specifications with regard to the composition sakkarajs of these eigyins comparing and conferring with the chronicles. Introduction The eigyingabyar (classical poem addressed to a royal child extolling the glory of ancestors; the verse begins and ends with the word ‘‘ei’’) is a kind of long ‘‘teigabyar’’(song verse or poem) soothing the royal child. It is a poem composed for the royal sons, daughters and lineages in infancy and beyond infancy. It is also a poem composing with ‘‘ei’’ k ranta or karyan (vowel sound of the letter; rhyma) at the end. The subject matters are the patriotism stimulating performances of the royal great- grandfather, royal father and royal relatives worthy of the highest praise composing eigyin. Therefore, it may be said that eigyin poem is a kind of ‘‘zartiman’’(national spirit; pride of one’s race and nation; pride of one’s lineage) literature capable of stimulating the zartithwei- zartiman (national spirit; hereditary pride and courage; patriotism). It may be designed as a kind of literature with historical value as it is like the contemporary record of that period. Throughout the history of Myanmar literature, 67 eigyins are found. There came out 10 eigyins even in Taungngu Era. In this paper, only the composition sakkarajs of such eigyins as MintayarmedawEigyin, Minyekyawzwar Son Eigyin and Thakhingyi Eigyin which appeared in Taungngu Period will be presented through study and analysis. * Dr. Lecturer, Department of Myanmar Language, Myingyan Degree Colleg 2 Myingyan Degree College Research Journal Vol .8, 2017 Study and Analysis on Composition Sakkaraj of Mintayarmedaw Eigyin In Taungngu Period, there are two princesses who receive the name ‘‘mintayar- medaw’’(King’s royal mother). The eigyin- phw khan (worthy of being composed in eigyin). Mintayarmedaw is the one who was born from Pyi BayinThadodamayarzar(younger brother of Bayinnaung Mintayargyi) and Narapatimedaw (daughter of Pyi Bayin Htwei). The composer or poet who composes eigyin is Yadu Sarso Pyi Nawadei. The statements or expressions of the literary researchers with regard to the eigyin composition sakkaraj are still differing. The book ‘‘History of Myanmar Literature’’ of Sayargyi U Pe Maung Tin mentions: It may be presumed that eigyin would be composed Approximately912- 13 as Mintayarmedaw was born in 912 ME.1 It reveals a guess that Mintayarmedaw Eigyin was composed round about 912- 13ME. Moreover, the book ‘Anthology of Old Eigyins and Eigyin Poem Classical Tigar’’ mentions the marks or points that: The sakkaaraj of birth of Mintayarmedaw is 912 and the year of composing eigyin is 915.2 Poet or Composer Pyi Nawadei presented that Mintayarmedaw was born in 912 ME and the eigyin was composed in 915 ME. The perfect of Takhain Minthami Eigyin Published by Hantharwadi Press mentions 915 ME that ‘‘mintayarmedawsakkaraj(915)’’.3 In the same way, the preface of Yakhain Mintahmi Eigyin edited by Sayar U Kyaw Yin also mentions that it is ‘‘915ME’’4(Myanmar Era; Sakkaraj). According to the evidence cited in the eigyin of Sarso Nawadei, it is impossible that the sakkaraj of composing Mintayarmesaw Eigyin is 912 ME as well as 913 ME. That is 1 PeMaung Tin, U, 1987, p- 119 2 Htun Yi(SheihaungThuteithi), 2012, p- 66. 3 Adu Min Nyo, 1965, p-10. 4 AduMinnyo, no date, preface 3 Myingyan Degree College Research Journal Vol .8, 2017 because even the birth sakkaraj of Mintayarmedaw is 915 ME. With regard to this one can know according to the style of composition cited in Mintayarmedaw Eigyin that: Phwardawmu- hnint(year of birth), Sakkaraj- mu(Myanmar Era) Sinsithnamzqar(actually ritht or correct) Koyartase(910), sunwe- ngarkhu(more than 5).1 Moreover, the sakkarajs stated by Hantharwadi Press and Sayar U Kyaw Yin cannot be possible as well. That is because Sarso Pyi Nawadei composing Mintayarmedaw Eigyin is not the kyeikyun(slave) or servant of Pyi Bayin Thadodamayarzar, the royal father of Mintayarmedaw at that time. He is Ahudan Sarso (serviceman poet or compwser) of Inwa King Narapatisithu (SalinSithuKyawHtin) enemy of Pyi Bayin Thadodamayarzar. After the conquest of Inwa by Bayintnaung Mintayargyi and Younger Brother Pyi Bayin Thadodamayarzar in 916 ME, Poet Pyi Nawadei was Sitthi Sarso(soldier poet) of Pyi Bayin Thadodamayarzar. Therefore, it is considered that the sakkaraj of composing Mintayarmedaw Eigyin by Pyi Nawadei cannot be 915 ME. Besides, when studying the stanzas sited in Mintayarmesaw Eigyin, it is found that the events after 916 ME are inserted and composed. In stanza(49- 50) of Mintayarmedaw Eigyin, it is inserted and composed with regard to the marching. Attacking and conquest of Yodayar(a former Thai kingdom; Siam; Thailand) for the first time by Bayintnaung Mintayargyi, elder brother of Mintayarmedaw’s father and in stanza (52- 53) on the revolt at the Royal City when he is at Zinme (Chiangmai, city in Now Thailand, on a headstream of the Chao Phraya) and so suppression by Bayintnaung Mintayargyi after return from Zinme. Besides, with regard to the presenting of myathabeittaw ( emerald alms bowl or monk’s bowl) by the King of Thiho (Ceylon; Sri Lanka; Linkardipa) to Bayintnaung Mintayargyi, it is composed in the eigyin as follows; Kyawhtindipa, Thihogaton (from Ceylon),Hmyunhta byardeit(preordainment of events made by Buddha), thonlumeit- I, thabeitswedaw(monk’s bowl and the 1 Nawadei (Pyi), ma- 1274, p- 74. 4 Myingyan Degree College Research Journal Vol .8, 2017 eyetooth of the Buddha), puzawzayar(for worship), thakonlarywei(coming for presenting).1 U Kalar Great Chronicle2, Glass Palace Chronicle3 and Twinthin New Chronicle4 unanimously say that the sakkaraj of marching, attacking and conquest of Yodayar by Bayintnaung Mintayargyi is 925 ME, that the sakkaraj of marching and attacking of Zinme by Bayintnaung Mintayargyi because of its revolt is 926 ME, that the sakkaraj of suppressing the revolt at Hantharwadi Royal City after return from Zinme is 927 ME, and that the sakkaraj of presenting myathabeittaw by Thiho King to Bayintnaung Mintayargyi is 930 ME(1568 AD). Considering the aforementioned facts, it is assigned that Poet Pyi Nawadei would compose Mintayarmedaw Eigyin round about 930 ME (Myanmar Era; Myanmar Sakkaraj). If it says so, the eigyin was composed at the age of 15, beyond infancy, of eigyinaphwekhan ( worthy of being composed). Because of that, this eigyin may be called as nardawthwineigyin (persuading poem). Study and Analysis on Composition Sakkaraj of Minyekyawzwar Son Eigyin Minyekyawzwar Son Eigyin is an eigyin(classical poem addressed to a royal child extolling the glory of ancestors) composed by Poet or Sarso Hlawgar Thonhtaunghmu (leader of 3000 hlawgar royal boats). It is an eigyin composed aiming for Ngarzudaryakar(royal grandchild of Hantharwadi Sinphyumyarshin Bayintnaung Mintayargyi) and Minyekyawzwar Son (royal son of daughter of Mintayar Shwei- hti). The name ‘‘Minyekyawzwar Son” is only the name designated named by the literati of late period. The original name is Minyekyawzwar. In Myanmar Chronicle, there are a large number of Minyekyawzwar Title Recipient Royal Persons such as King’s younger brothers and King’s sons or princes. Therefore, so as to make eigyinaphwekhan Minyekyawzwar different from other Minyakyawzwar Title Recipient ‘‘Minnyiminthars’’(King’s younger brothers and 1 ibid, (74) 2 Kalar, U, 2006 ka, 272, 278, 282,305. 3 Glass Palace Chronicle, ma- 1303, 374, 380, 386, 415. 4 HtunNyo, U (TwinthintaikwunMaharSithu), 1998, 123, 127, 130, 144. 5 Myingyan Degree College Research Journal Vol .8, 2017 king’s sons or princes), he was called Minyekyawzwar ‘‘Son’’, specializing that he had been ‘‘going down stream’’(son) from Inwa Royal City to Hantharwadi Golden Palace. With regard to this, ‘‘Yazawingyok called Cetiya Kath ’’ reveals: ‘‘…has to go down stream to Hantharwadi in 955 ME … isknown as MInyekyawzwar Son’’.1 Just as this eigyin makes interesting with regard to the name of Eigyin, it makes noticeable as regards the sakkaraj of composing eigyin as well. Regarding the composition of Minyekyawzwar Son Eigyin in 931 ME, the book ‘‘Sarsodawmyar Ahtokpatti’’(Biography of Poets or Composers) reveals: ‘‘ThaungtaikSetkyarwalar’’ (10,000 universes) Chi (begin) Minyekyawzwar Son Eigyin was written in 931 ME.2 In the same way, YakhainminthamiEigyin Preface 3 , Minye Deibba Eigyin Preface 4 , and Myanmar Poem Monograph 5 , also reveal that it is an eigyin composed in 931 ME. In fact, it is impossible that Minyekyawzwar Son Eigyin is an eigyin composed in 931 ME. It is because patriotism activating subject matters occurring after 931 ME are inserted and composed in this eigyin. With regard to the story of marching to and launching an attack on Yodayar (Siam with its capital Ayutthaya (1350- 1767); a former Thai kingdom; Thailand) by HantharwadiSinphyushinBayintnaungMinaytargyi, it is inserted and composed in eigyin stanza (84) as follows: Sh ngo myinywe , setshin shikywa, htothaw katon, Nara htuthtar, Yodayarhnaik( atYoddayar or Siam), Yetmyarlashei (for a long time), tat- tar- ti- ywe , Oksi m nphyin, sit- thabin- phyint, my pyin ky k n, 1 diccara s , Ariy va sa, 2003, p- 62. 2 Ba Thaung (Bohmu), 2002, p- 88. 3 Aduminnyo, 1965, p- 10. 4 Than Kho, Shin, 1967, p- 6. 5 Si Si Win, Daw and Others, 1983, p- 36. 6 Myingyan Degree College Research Journal Vol .8, 2017 a ngp n thuy , karsw le thi (shield- warriors and archers), yans lelyet, cheithi- my n-sin (foot- soldiers, horses and elephants), atintint , setthwin ywephauk, myol n kyaukhmya (the whole city in fear)1.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Village Tract of Mandalay Region !
    !. !. !. !. !. !. !. !. !. !. !. !. !. !. !. !. !. !. !. !. !. !. !. !. !. !. !. !. !. !. !. !. !. !. !. !. !. !. !. !. !. !. !. !. !. !. !. !. !. !. !. Myanmar Information Management Unit !. !. !. Village Tract of Mandalay Region !. !. !. !. 95° E 96° E Tigyaing !. !. !. / !. !. Inn Net Maing Daing Ta Gaung Taung Takaung Reserved Forest !. Reserved Forest Kyauk Aing Mabein !. !. !. !. Ma Gyi Kone Reserved !. Forest Thabeikkyin !. !. Reserved Forest !. Let Pan Kyunhla Kone !. Se Zin Kone !. Kyar Hnyat !. !. Kanbalu War Yon Kone !. !. !. Pauk Ta Pin Twin Nge Mongmit Kyauk Hpyu !. !. !. Kyauk Hpyar Yae Nyar U !. Kyauk Gyi Kyet Na !. Reserved Hpa Sa Bai Na Go Forest Bar Nat Li Shaw Kyauk Pon 23° N 23° Kyauk War N 23° Kyauk Gyi Li Shaw Ohn Dan Lel U !. Chaung Gyi !. Pein Pyit !. Kin Tha Dut !. Gway Pin Hmaw Kyauk Sin Sho !. Taze !. !. Than Lwin Taung Dun Taung Ah Shey Bawt Lone Gyi Pyaung Pyin !. Mogoke Kyauk Ka Paing Ka Thea Urban !. Hle Bee Shwe Ho Weik Win Ka Bar Nyaung Mogoke Ba Mun !. Pin Thabeikkyin Kyat Pyin !. War Yae Aye !. Hpyu Taung Hpyu Yaung Nyaung Nyaung Urban Htauk Kyauk Pin Ta Lone Pin Thar Tha Ohn Zone Laung Zin Pyay Lwe Ngin Monglon !. Ye-U Khin-U !. !. !. !. !. Reserved Forest Shwe Kyin !. !. Tabayin !. !. !. !. Shauk !. Pin Yoe Reserved !. Kyauk Myaung Nga Forest SAGAING !. Pyin Inn War Nat Taung Shwebo Yon !. Khu Lel Kone Mar Le REGION Singu Let Pan Hla !. Urban !. Koke Ko Singu Shwe Hlay Min !. Kyaung !. Seik Khet Thin Ngwe Taung MANDALAY Se Gyi !. Se Thei Nyaung Wun Taung Let Pan Kyar U Yin REGION Yae Taw Inn Kani Kone Thar !. !. Yar Shwe Pyi Wa Di Shwe Done !. Mya Sein Sin Htone Thay Gyi Shwe SHAN Budalin Hin Gon Taing Kha Tet !. Thar Nyaung Pin Chin Hpo Zee Pin Lel Wetlet Kyun Inn !.
    [Show full text]
  • TRENDS in MANDALAY Photo Credits
    Local Governance Mapping THE STATE OF LOCAL GOVERNANCE: TRENDS IN MANDALAY Photo credits Paul van Hoof Mithulina Chatterjee Myanmar Survey Research The views expressed in this publication are those of the author, and do not necessarily represent the views of UNDP. Local Governance Mapping THE STATE OF LOCAL GOVERNANCE: TRENDS IN MANDALAY UNDP MYANMAR Table of Contents Acknowledgements II Acronyms III Executive Summary 1 1. Introduction 11 2. Methodology 14 2.1 Objectives 15 2.2 Research tools 15 3. Introduction to Mandalay region and participating townships 18 3.1 Socio-economic context 20 3.2 Demographics 22 3.3 Historical context 23 3.4 Governance institutions 26 3.5 Introduction to the three townships participating in the mapping 33 4. Governance at the frontline: Participation in planning, responsiveness for local service provision and accountability 38 4.1 Recent developments in Mandalay region from a citizen’s perspective 39 4.1.1 Citizens views on improvements in their village tract or ward 39 4.1.2 Citizens views on challenges in their village tract or ward 40 4.1.3 Perceptions on safety and security in Mandalay Region 43 4.2 Development planning and citizen participation 46 4.2.1 Planning, implementation and monitoring of development fund projects 48 4.2.2 Participation of citizens in decision-making regarding the utilisation of the development funds 52 4.3 Access to services 58 4.3.1 Basic healthcare service 62 4.3.2 Primary education 74 4.3.3 Drinking water 83 4.4 Information, transparency and accountability 94 4.4.1 Aspects of institutional and social accountability 95 4.4.2 Transparency and access to information 102 4.4.3 Civil society’s role in enhancing transparency and accountability 106 5.
    [Show full text]
  • MANDALAY REGION, PYIN OO LWIN DISTRICT Pyin Oo Lwin Township Report
    THE REPUBLIC OF THE UNION OF MYANMAR The 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census MANDALAY REGION, PYIN OO LWIN DISTRICT Pyin Oo Lwin Township Report Department of Population Ministry of Labour, Immigration and Population October 2017 The 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census Mandalay Region, Pyin Oo Lwin District Pyin Oo Lwin Township Report Department of Population Ministry of Labour, Immigration and Population Office No.48 Nay Pyi Taw Tel: +95 67 431062 www.dop.gov.mm October 2017 Figure 1 : Map of Mandalay Region, showing the townships Pyin Oo Lwin Township Figures at a Glance 1 Total Population 255,508 2 Population males 128,027 (50.1%) Population females 127,481 (49.9%) Percentage of urban population 62.1% Area (Km2) 1,978.1 3 Population density (per Km2) 129.2 persons Median age 26.8 years Number of wards 21 Number of village tracts 37 Number of private households 53,382 Percentage of female headed households 22.6% Mean household size 4.3 persons 4 Percentage of population by age group Children (0 – 14 years) 24.7% Economically productive (15 – 64 years) 70.7% Elderly population (65+ years) 4.6% Dependency ratios Total dependency ratio 41.3 Child dependency ratio 34.9 Old dependency ratio 6.4 Ageing index 18.5 Sex ratio (males per 100 females) 100 Literacy rate (persons aged 15 and over) 95.4% Male 97.5% Female 93.4% People with disability Number Per cent Any form of disability 5,334 2.1 Walking 2,190 0.9 Seeing 2,633 1.0 Hearing 1,334 0.5 Remembering 1,454 0.6 Type of Identity Card (persons aged 10 and over) Number Per
    [Show full text]
  • The Making of Modern Burma Thant Myint-U Index More Information
    Cambridge University Press 0521780217 - The Making of Modern Burma Thant Myint-U Index More information Index Abhisha Husseini, 51 and local rebellions, 172, 173–4, 176 Afghanistan, 8, 22, 98, 102, 162 and modern Burma, 254 agriculture, 36, 37, 40, 44, 47, 119, 120, payment of, 121 122, 167, 224, 225, 236, 239; see also reforms, 111–12 cultivators Assam, 2, 13, 15–16, 18, 19, 20, 95, 98, 99, Ahom dynasty, 15–16 220 Aitchison, Sir Charles, 190–1 athi, 33, 35 Alaungpaya, King, 13, 17, 58, 59–60, 61, Ava (city), 17, 25, 46, 53, 54 70, 81, 83, 90, 91, 107 population, 26, 54, 55 Alaungpaya dynasty, 59, 63, 161 Ava kingdom, 2 allodial land, 40, 41 administration, 28–9, 35–8, 40, 53–4, Alon, 26, 39, 68, 155, 173, 175 56–7, 62, 65–8, 69, 75–8, 108–9, Amarapura, 14, 17, 18, 20, 21, 26, 51, 53, 115–18, 158–60, 165–6 54, 119, 127, 149 anti-British attitudes, 6–7, 99, 101–3 rice prices, 143 and Bengal, 94, 95, 96, 98, 99–100 royal library, 96 boundaries of, 9, 12, 24–5, 92, 101, Amarapura, Myowun of, 104–5 220 Amherst, Lord, 106 British attitudes to, 6, 8–9, 120, 217–18, Amyint, 36, 38, 175 242, 246, 252 An Tu (U), 242 and Buddhism, 73–4, 94, 95, 96, 97, 108, Anglo-Burmese wars, 2, 79 148–52, 170–1 First (1824–6), 18–20, 25, 99, 220 ceremonies, 97, 149, 150 Second (1852–3), 23, 104, 126 and China, 47–8, 137, 138, 141, 142, Third (1885), 172, 176, 189, 191–3 143, 144, 147–8 animal welfare, 149, 171 chronicles of, 79–83, 86, 240 appanages, 29, 53, 61–3, 68, 69, 72–3, 77, and colonial state, 219–20 107, 108, 231 commercial concessions, 136–7 reform of,
    [Show full text]
  • Myanmar (Burma)
    ©Lonely Planet Publications Pty Ltd Myanmar (Burma) Northern Myanmar p271 Mandalay & Around p234 Western ^# Myanmar Bagan & Eastern p307 Central Myanmar Myanmar p196 p141 Southwestern Myanmar ^# Yangon p86 p34 Southeastern Myanmar p105 Simon Richmond, David Eimer, Adam Karlin, Nick Ray, Regis St Louis PLAN YOUR TRIP ON THE ROAD Welcome to Myanmar . 4 YANGON . 34 Myeik . 131 Myanmar Map . 6 Myeik (Mergui) Archipelago . 135 Myanmar’s Top 10 . .8 SOUTHWESTERN Kawthoung . 138 MYANMAR . 86 Need to Know . 14 Thanlyin & Kyauktan . 87 What’s New . 16 BAGAN & CENTRAL Bago . 88 MYANMAR . 141 If You Like… . 17 Pathein . .. 94 Yangon–Mandalay Month by Month . 19 Chaung Tha Beach . .. 99 Highway . 143 Ngwe Saung Beach . 102 Itineraries . 21 Taungoo (Toungoo) . 143 Nay Pyi Taw . 146 Before You Go . 23 SOUTHEASTERN Meiktila . 149 Regions at a Glance . 30 MYANMAR . 105 Yangon–Bagan Mon State . 107 Highway . 151 2P2PLAY / SHUTTERSTOCK © SHUTTERSTOCK / 2P2PLAY Mt Kyaiktiyo Pyay . 151 (Golden Rock) . 107 Thayekhittaya Mawlamyine . 109 (Sri Ksetra) . 154 Around Mawlamyine . 116 Magwe . 155 Ye . 119 Bagan . 156 Kayin State . 121 Nyaung U . 158 Hpa-an . 121 Old Bagan . 164 Around Hpa-an . 124 Myinkaba . 167 Myawaddy . 126 New Bagan (Bagan Myothit) . 167 Tanintharyi Region . 127 Around Bagan . 172 STREET FOOD AT BOGYOKE AUNG Dawei . 127 SAN MARKET P54, YANGON CHANTAL DE BRUIJNE / SHUTTERSTOCK © SHUTTERSTOCK / BRUIJNE DE CHANTAL SHWE YAUNGHWE KYAUNG P197, NYAUNGSHWE Contents UNDERSTAND Mt Popa . 172 Mingun . 269 Myanmar Salay . 173 Paleik . 270 Today . 336 Pakokku . 175 History . 338 Monywa . 176 NORTHERN People & Religious Around Monywa . 178 MYANMAR . 271 Beliefs of Myanmar . 352 Mandalay to Lashio . 273 Aung San Suu Kyi .
    [Show full text]
  • Mandalay Region Census Report Volume 3 – L
    THE REPUBLIC OF THE UNION OF MYANMAR The 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census Mandalay Region Census Report Volume 3 – l Department of Population Ministry of Immigration and Population May 2015 The 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census Mandalay Region Report Census Report Volume 3 – I For more information contact: Department of Population Ministry of Immigration and Population Office No. 48 Nay Pyi Taw Tel: +95 67 431 062 www.dop.gov.mm May, 2015 Figure 2: Map of Mandalay Region, Districts and Townships ii Census Report Volume 3–I (Mandalay) Foreword The 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census (2014 MPHC) was conducted from 29th March to 10th April 2014 on a de facto basis. The successful planning and implementation of the census activities, followed by the timely release of the provisional results in August 2014 and now the main results in May 2015, is a clear testimony of the Government’s resolve to publish all information collected from respondents in accordance with the Population and Housing Census Law No. 19 of 2013. It is now my hope that the main results both Union and each of the State and Region reports will be interpreted correctly and will effectively inform the planning and decision-making processes in our quest for national and sub-national development. The census structures put in place, including the Central Census Commission, Census Committees and officers at the State/Region, District and Township levels and the International Technical Advisory Board (ITAB), a group of 15 experts from different countries and institutions involved in censuses and statistics internationally, provided the requisite administrative and technical inputs for the implementation of the census.
    [Show full text]
  • Case Study on Profitability of Small Groundnut Oil Mills in Myingyan Township, Mandalay Region
    CASE STUDY ON PROFITABILITY OF SMALL GROUNDNUT OIL MILLS IN MYINGYAN TOWNSHIP, MANDALAY REGION AUNG PHYO OCTOBER 2016 CASE STUDY ON PROFITABILITY OF SMALL GROUNDNUT OIL MILLS IN MYINGYAN TOWNSHIP, MANDALAY REGION AUNG PHYO A Thesis Submitted to the Post-Graduate Committee of the Yezin Agricultural University as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Agricultural Science (Agricultural Economics) Department of Agricultural Economics Yezin Agricultural University OCTOBER 2016 Copyright© [2016 – by Aung Phyo] All rights reserved. The thesis attached here to, entitled “Case Study on Profitability of Small Groundnut Oil Mills in Myingyan Twonship, Mandalay Region” was prepared and submitted by Aung Phyo under the direction of the chairperson of the candidate supervisory committee and has been approved by all members of that committee and board of examiners as a partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Master of Agricultural Science (Agricultural Economics). ------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------- Dr. Cho Cho San Dr. Khin Oo Chairperson External Examiner Supervisory Committee Supervisory Committee Professor and Head Professor and Principal (Retd.) Department of Agricultural Economics Rice Crop Specialization Yezin Agricultural University Yezin Agricultural University (Hmawbi) Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw ------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------- Dr. Nay Myo Aung Dr. Thet Lin Member Member Supervisory
    [Show full text]
  • Myingyan City (Township)
    Appendix 1 Myingyan City (Township) Country Myanmar Region / State Mandalay District Myingyan Myingyan, Taungtha, Natogyi, Township Kyaukpadaung, Ngazun No Photo App1-102 Appendix 1 Myingyan City (Township) General information (1) Area 30 km2 (2) Population 170 Thousand People (3) Household 271 Thousand house holds (4) Village 186 Villages Industry/Facilities (5) Main Industry Sightseeing (6) Industrial Zone 2 Industrial zone (7) Special Economic Zone 1 Special Economic Zone (8) Important Facilities 1 hospital, 3 markets Transportation Infrastructure (9) Airport － (10) Railway To Thazi, Bagan, Mandalay (11) Main Road To Meikhtila, Mandalay, Naungoo, Myothar Power demand (12) Customer 19,622 customers Nov.2014 (13) Electrified village 37 villages Nov.2014 (14) Number of fixing meter 20,164 Nos. Nov.2014 (15) Electricity Sales 77,278 MWh Jul.2013 - Jun.2014 60㻌 MW Nov.2012 (16) Peak demand 㻌㻌65㻌 MW Oct.2013 63 MW Nov.2014 (17) Capacity utilization rate* 117 % Nov.2014 *Capacity utilization rate (%) = [Peak Demand (MW) / [Power Transformer Capacity (MVA) * 0.9(Power Factor)]]*100 App1-103 Appendix 1 Myingyan City (Township) (18) Daily Load curve Myin Gyan Daily Load Curve(MW) 10 Sep 2014 60 55 50 45 40 35 W 30 M 25 20 15 10 5 0 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 1:00 2:00 3:00 4:00 5:00 6:00 7:00 8:00 9:00 Power Facilities (19) Power Transformer㻌 (66/11kV) 45 MVA 5 Nos. Nov.2014 (20) Power Transformer㻌 (33/11kV) 15 MVA 2 Nos. Nov.2014 (21) Power Transformer㻌 (11/0.4kV) 54 MVA 172 Nos.
    [Show full text]
  • UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE Fabrication And
    UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE Fabrication and Characterization of Organic/Inorganic Photovoltaic Devices A Dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Electrical Engineering by Ali Bilge Guvenc March 2012 Dissertation Committee: Dr. Mihrimah Ozkan, Chairperson Dr. Cengiz S. Ozkan Dr. Kambiz Vafai Copyright by Ali Bilge Guvenc 2012 The Dissertation of Ali Bilge Guvenc is approved: ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ Committee Chairperson University of California, Riverside To my beloved wife and daughters iv ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Fabrication and Characterization of Organic/Inorganic Photovoltaic Devices by Ali Bilge Guvenc Doctor of Philosophy, Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering University of California, Riverside, March 2012 Prof. Mihrimah Ozkan, Chairperson Energy is central to achieving the goals of sustainable development and will continue to be a primary engine for economic development. In fact, access to and consumption of energy is highly effective on the quality of life. The consumption of all energy sources have been increasing and the projections show that this will continue in the future. Unfortunately, conventional energy sources are limited and they are about to run out. Solar energy is one of the major alternative energy sources to meet the increasing demand. Photovoltaic devices are one way to harvest energy from sun and as a branch of photovoltaic devices organic bulk heterojunction photovoltaic devices have recently drawn tremendous attention because of their technological advantages for actualization of large-area and cost effective fabrication. The research in this dissertation focuses on both the mathematical modelling for better and more efficient characterization and the improvement of device power conversion efficiency.
    [Show full text]
  • Myanmar-Government-Projects.Pdf
    Planned Total Implementing Date Date Last Project Project Planned Funding Financing Tender Developer Sector Sr. Project ID Description Expected Benefits End Project Government Ministry Townships Sectors MSDP Alignment Project URL Created Modified Title Status Start Date Sources Information Date Name Categories Date Cost Agency The project will involve redevelopment of a 25.7-hectare site The project will provide a safe, efficient and around the Yangon Central Railway Station into a new central comfortable transport hub while preserving the transport hub surrounded by housing and commercial heritage value of the Yangon Central Railway Station amenities. The transport hub will blend heritage and modern and other nearby landmarks. It will be Myanmar’s first development by preserving the historic old railway station main ever transit-oriented development (TOD) – bringing building, dating back in 1954, and linking it to a new station residential, business and leisure facilities within a constructed above the rail tracks. The mixed-use development walking distance of a major transport interchange. will consist of six different zones to include a high-end Although YCR railway line have been upgraded, the commercial district, office towers, condominiums, business image and performance of existing railway stations are hotels and serviced apartments, as well as a green park and a still poor and low passenger services. For that railway museum. reason, YCR stations are needed to be designed as Yangon Circular Railway Line was established in 1954 and it has attractive, comfortable and harmonized with city been supporting forYangon City public transportation since last development. On the other hand, we also aligned the 60 years ago.
    [Show full text]
  • QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT April to June 2017
    NATIONAL COMMUNITY DRIVEN DEVELOPMENT PROJECT Project No: H814-MM and IDA Credit no: 56870 QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT April to June 2017 Submitted in compliance with Section II A of the Financing Agreement between the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and the International Development Association Presented by: National Community Driven Development Secretariat Department of Rural Development 14 August 2017 NCDDP Quarterly Progress Report (April – June 2017) List of Abbreviations and Acronyms BER - Bid Evaluation Report BG - Block Grant BGA - Block Grant Agreement CFA - Community Force Account CDD - Community-driven Development DRD - Department of Rural Development DSW - Department of Social Welfare ECOPs - Environmental Codes of Practice EMP - Environmental Management Plan EOI - Expression of Interest (procurement document) ESMF - Environmental and Social Management Framework GESI - Gender Empowerment and Social Inclusion GWG - Gender Working Group MEB - Myanmar Economic Bank NOL - No-Objection Letter (WB document) OM - Operation Manual PSC - Performance Security Guarantee PMIS - Project Management Information System RFP - Request for Proposals RFQ - Request for Quotations TOF - Training of Facilitators TTF - Training of Technical Facilitators TOT - Training of Trainers TS - Township TTA - Township Technical Assistance UTA - Union Level Technical Assistance VL - Village Leader VTDSC - Village Tract Development Support Committee VPSC - Village Project Support Committee VTDP - Village Tract Development Plan VTPSC - Village Tract Project Support
    [Show full text]
  • Optimization and Design of Photovoltaic Micro-Inverter
    University of Central Florida STARS Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 2013 Optimization And Design Of Photovoltaic Micro-inverter Qian Zhang University of Central Florida Part of the Electrical and Electronics Commons Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Doctoral Dissertation (Open Access) is brought to you for free and open access by STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STARS Citation Zhang, Qian, "Optimization And Design Of Photovoltaic Micro-inverter" (2013). Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019. 2811. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd/2811 OPTIMIZATION AND DESIGN OF PHOTOVOLTAIC MICRO-INVERTER by QIAN ZHANG B.S. Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 2006 M.S. Wuhan University, 2008 A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science in the College of Engineering and Computer Science at the University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida Summer Term 2013 Major Professor: John Shen & Issa Batarseh ©2013 Qian Zhang ii ABSTRACT To relieve energy shortage and environmental pollution issues, renewable energy, especially PV energy has developed rapidly in the last decade. The micro-inverter systems, with advantages in dedicated PV power harvest, flexible system size, simple installation, and enhanced safety characteristics are the future development trend of the PV power generation systems. The double-stage structure which can realize high efficiency with nice regulated sinusoidal waveforms is the mainstream for the micro-inverter.
    [Show full text]