German Football: History, Culture, Society
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1111 2111 German Football 3 4 5111 6 7 8 9 1011 1 2 3111 German Football: History, Culture, Society provides unprecedented analysis 4 of the place of football in post-war and post-reunification Germany, revealing 5 the motives and drives underlying Germany’s successful bid to host the 2006 6 World Cup finals. 7 The contributors explore the significance of football in German sporting 8 and cultural life, showing how football has emerged as a major focus 9 for the expression of a coherent national identity and as evidence of the 20111 restoration of German national pride in the post-World War II period. 1 Major themes include: 2 3 • German football’s desire for success on the international stage 4 • Footballing expressions of local, regional and national identity 5 • The East European legacy 6 • Ethnic dynamics, migrant populations and Europeanization 7 • German football’s commercial economy 8 • Women’s football in Germany 9 • Literary and media perceptions of the German game 30111 1 With contributions from a range of disciplinary perspectives, German 2 Football illuminates key cultural moments – the 1954 victory, the founding 3 of the Bundesliga in 1963, the 1974 World Cup victory as hosts, its third 4 World Cup triumph in Italia ’90, the winning bid for 2006 – from a variety 5 of angles. 6 The result is an innovative, open-minded and critical analysis of football’s 7 burgeoning significance in German cultural life, which will be of import- 8 ance to readers in Sport Studies and German Studies alike and of interest 9 as well to followers of the world game. 40111 1 Alan Tomlinson is Professor of Leisure Studies at the Chelsea School, 2 University of Brighton. 3 44111 Christopher Young is Senior Lecturer at the University of Cambridge. 1111 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011 1 2 3111 4 5 6 7 8 9 20111 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 30111 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 40111 1 2 3 4 45111 1111 2 German Football 3 4 History, Culture, Society 5 6 7 8 9 1011 1 2 3111 Edited by 4 5 Alan Tomlinson and 6 Christopher Young 7 8 9 20111 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 30111 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 40111 1 2 3 4 45111 1111 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011 1 2 3111 First published 2006 4 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN 5 Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada 6 by Routledge 7 270 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10016 8 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group 9 © 2006 Alan Tomlinson and Christopher Young 20111 1 This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2006. 2 “To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s 3 collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.” 4 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or 5 reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, 6 or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying 7 and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. 8 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data 9 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library 30111 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data 1 A catalog record for this book has been requested 2 3 ISBN10 0–415–35195–2 (hbk) ISBN10 0–415–35196–0 (pbk) 4 5 ISBN13 978–0–415–35195–9 (hbk) 6 ISBN13 978–0–415–35196–6 (pbk) 7 8 9 40111 1 2 3 4 45111 1111 2 Contents 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011 1 2 3111 Notes on contributors vii 4 Preface: German football: history, culture, society xi 5 6 7 1 German football: a cultural history 1 8 WOLFRAM PYTA 9 20111 2 Germany versus Austria: football, urbanism and national 1 identity 23 2 ROMAN HORAK 3 4 3 A tale of two Germanys: football culture and national 5 identity in the German Democratic Republic 36 6 MARKUS HESSELMANN AND ROBERT IDE 7 8 4 Soccer hooliganism in the German Democratic Republic 52 9 MIKE DENNIS 30111 1 5 Turkish immigrants in German amateur football 73 2 3 DIRK HALM 4 5 6 The future of football is female!? On the past and present 6 of women’s football in Germany 93 7 GERTRUD PFISTER 8 9 7 The Europeanization of German football 127 40111 ALEXANDER BRAND AND ARNE NIEMANN 1 2 8 German football – a media-economic survey: the impact 3 of the KirchMedia company on football and television 4 in Germany 143 45111 LOTHAR MIKOS vi Contents 1111 9 A game of nations? Football and national identities 155 2 SANNA INTHORN 3 4 10 Fandom and subcultural media 168 5 JÜRGEN SCHWIER 6 7 11 Selling sex or dealing with history? German football in 8 literature and film and the quest to normalize the nation 181 9 PAUL COOKE AND CHRISTOPHER YOUNG 1011 1 12 Germany 1974: on the eve of the goldrush 204 2 3111 ALAN TOMLINSON 4 5 13 All around the Globus: a foretaste of the German football 6 imagination, c. 2006 225 7 ERIK EGGERS 8 9 14 German football: theatre, performance, memory. 20111 A philosophical epilogue 237 1 GUNTER GEBAUER 2 3 4 Index 249 5 6 7 8 9 30111 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 40111 1 2 3 4 45111 1111 2 Contributors 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011 1 2 3111 The editors 4 Alan Tomlinson is Professor of Leisure Studies at the Chelsea School, 5 University of Brighton. He has researched and written extensively on 6 World Cup history, Olympic ideology and related themes of consump- 7 tion and spectacle. He has authored/edited over twenty volumes and was 8 until recently Editor of the International Review for the Sociology of Sport. 9 20111 Christopher Young is Senior Lecturer at the University of Cambridge. 1 He has authored/edited five books on German language, literature and 2 culture, and is currently engaged on a monograph on the Munich 3 Olympics 1972. He has been a Fellow of the Alexander von Humboldt 4 Foundation (in Cologne). 5 6 Together, they co-edited a special issue of the American Behavioral Scientist 7 (with Andrei Markovits, University of Michigan) on sport and cultural 8 space (2003), and a research monograph on sport and spectacle (2006) 9 for SUNY (State University of New York Press). 30111 1 The contributors 2 3 Alexander Brand is Lecturer and doctoral researcher at Dresden University. 4 His current research focuses on theories of international relations and 5 politics of development. He is co-editor of a book on new trends in 6 development research, published in 2004. 7 Paul Cooke taught in Cologne and Aberystwyth before moving to the 8 University of Leeds where he is Senior Lecturer. He is an expert in 9 contemporary German literature and has authored and co-edited four 40111 volumes on various comparative aspects of East and West German culture 1 and literature. He has just completed a monograph on the phenomenon 2 of Ostalgie. 3 4 Mike Dennis is Professor of Modern German History at Wolverhampton 45111 University and former editor-in-chief of the journal East Central Europe. viii Contributors 1111 He has authored four books on the history of the GDR, its socio-economic 2 transformation since 1990 and the Ministry of State Security, including, 3 most recently, The Stasi: Myth and Reality (2003). His current research 4 focuses on ethnic, sexual, youth and other minorities in the GDR during 5 the 1970s and 1980s. 6 7 Erik Eggers is a freelance journalist who lives in Cologne. As well as articles 8 for the national press, including Financial Times German Edition, Frank- 9 furte Rundshau and Die Zeit, he has authored several books on German 1011 sport, including, most recently, a biography of Herbert Zimmermann, 1 the legendary radio ‘voice’ of Germany’s first World Cup triumph in 2 1954. 3111 4 Gunter Gebauer is Professor of Philosophy and the Sociology of Sport at 5 the Free University in Berlin. He has authored many books and articles 6 on both topics, including Sport – Eros – Tod (1986) and Olympische 7 Spiele, die andere Utopie der Moderne. Olympia zwischen Kult und Droge 8 (1996). 9 Dirk Halm is a Research Fellow in Migration Studies at the Foundation 20111 Centre for Studies on Turkey at the University of Duisburg-Essen. His 1 main fields of research are cultural change in the Turkish community in 2 Germany and the interconnection between integration, ethnicity and 3 sports. He is a member of numerous governmental and non-governmental 4 commissions on integration policy. His publications include the yearly 5 6 Migration Report of the Centre for Studies on Turkey (since 2002). 7 Markus Hesselmann is Editor-in-Chief of the Sports section of the German 8 national daily Der Tagesspiegel. He has co-authored two books on foot- 9 ball, one on Hansa Rostock, the other on soccer in Africa. He is currently 30111 working with Christopher Young on a book about German football 1 culture. 2 3 Roman Horak is Associate Professor at the Department of Aesthetics, 4 Cultural Studies/Art Pedagogy, University of Applied Arts, Vienna. From 5 October 1988 to March 1989 he was Honorary Visiting Fellow at the 6 Department of Sociology, University of Leicester.