The Effects of the Butterfly Joints on Failure Loads and Fatigue Performance of Composite Structures

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

The Effects of the Butterfly Joints on Failure Loads and Fatigue Performance of Composite Structures ©Freund Publishing House Ltd. Science and Engineering of Composite Materials 17, 199-212 (2010) The Effects of the Butterfly Joints on Failure Loads and Fatigue Performance of Composite Structures G rkan Altan*, Muzaffer Τορφυ, Hasan Qalhoglu Faculty of Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pamnkkale University, Kinikli 20070 Denizli, Turkey ABSTRACT The present study was designed to examine experimentally the effects of butterfly fitting clearances and different adhesives on the load carrying abilities of the composite structures joined via a butterfly-shaped joining component and the fatigue performance of the specimens joined by the best joint style obtained. Experiment specimens and butterfly- shaped locking components were cut from a composite plate by means of water jet. Fatigue experiments were conducted at the constant load ratio and at different maximum fatigue loads. To compare the fatigue performance, the fatigue experiments of the butt joints were also carried out. According to the experiment results obtained, it was determined that fatigue strengths of adhesively-bonded butterfly joints have a longer life span than those of the bonded butt joints under the same circumstances. The present study has made it possible that with the use of butterfly joining component, the earliest damage should occur on the butterfly and should have a longer service life with the repairs of the butterfly joining component. Keywords: Butterfly joint; Composite; Fatigue life; Failure load. 1. INTRODUCTION Composite materials are especially preferred in the aviation, navigation and automobile industries for their lightness. Large structures made from composite materials are generally used under static and dynamic loading conditions. Each large composite structure consists of one or more joints because of their production and design circumstances. Composite structures are usually joined via mechanical and adhesive joints. While industrial adhesive is used for the adhesive joints, such joining components as bolts and pins are preferred for mechanical joints. The main purpose here is to conduct the transfer of strength from the main structure through the combination of two or more materials. The most important problem with composite structures is the weakness in the joint areas. Load-carrying behavior of the joints and their advantages and disadvantages over each other were analyzed numerically and experimentally by many researchers and the researches are still going on. It is seen in the studies on mechanical joints that three types of damage modes are observed on the joining areas; net-tension, shear-out and bearing. The damage by net-tension and shear-out are more dangerous than the one by bearing /I, 21. Adhesive joint of the composite structures can be carried out by various designs /3-7/. Whether the ' Corresponding author. Tel: +90 258 296 31 63; Fax: +90 258 296 32 62 E-mail address: [email protected] (G rkan Altan). 199 Vol. Ð, Ëá 3, 2010 The Effects of the Butterfly Joints on Failure Loads and FatiguePerformance of Composite Structures adhesive to be used here adapts well with the composite material, the type of the joint geometry and the thickness of adhesion are factors that affect the capacity of carrying the load. Kim et al. /8/ presented a methodology for the failure prediction of the composite single lap bonded joints considering both the composite adherent and the bond line failures. In this methodology, they used an elastic-perfectly plastic model of the adhesive and a delamination failure criterion. They verified their suggested technique with numerical investigation. Alex and Wang /9/ optimized the profile of the scarf joint .between dissimilar modulus adherents with an analytical method. Chen /10/ examined the effects of hygrothermal cycling upon the performance of a bolted composite joint. He determined that the bolt torque relaxed as the number of environmental cycles increased. Avila and Bueno /I I/ carried out a performance study on a new design of single-lap bonded joint, so called wavy-lap joint for laminate composites. Τορςõ et al. /12/ investigated damage forces formed on glass-fiber laminated composite plates that were joined with a component in the shape of butterfly with experimental method. Choi and Chun /13/ investigated a failure area method to predict failure loads of mechanically-fastened composite joints under plane stress condition. Herrington and Sabbaghian /14/ investigated the effects of a number of parameters; applied stress level, orientation of the outer layer reinforcing filaments and the bolt torque level on the fatigue life on the fatigue characteristics of a bolted graphite/epoxy composite laminate. Joining of the composite structures is commonly made by the single or double lap techniques. The increase in thickness of composite structure in the single or double lap joints affects the strength of the whole joined composite structure negatively. In such joints, the increase in the value axial width of the joined composite plates leads to high stresses on the adhering surface and a decrease in the strength of the structure /15/. In the laminated plates joined in this way, the damage usually takes place on the uppermost layer. In other words, with the increase in the amount of the width, the capacity of loading decreases. In mechanical joints, however, the increase in the amount of the width leads to damage in such joining elements as bolts and pins. Therefore, butt joint is often preferred in thick composite structures. In butt joint, bonding joints are used. In such joints, scarf or stepped-overlapping joints are preferred instead of butt joints in order to avoid peeling stresses. Though joint forms change in the bonded butt joints, peeling stresses affect the lifespan of the joint negatively /16-18/. Because of these reasons, butterfly-shaped mechanical butt joints were used in this study to minimize the negative effects. Mechanical butt joints were used to lock two semi specimens through their foreheads in shape. In the composite specimens joined with a butterfly-shaped joining component, the effects of the composite material fiber orientations, the butterfly fitting clearances and different adhesives on the load-carrying capacities were analyzed experimentally, and so have the fatigue performances of the specimens joined with the best joining style obtained; then their results were presented. 2. DESIGN OF THE BUTTERFLY JOINT In this study, a new design of butterfly joint was used instead of bonded butt joints. As the thickness of the composite structure increases, the thickness of the butterfly-shaped joint component increases. This case leads to an increase in the cross section areas affecting the joint strength. Therefore, a fixed thickness was selected for this study and other variables affecting the joint strength were taken into consideration. Butterfly-shaped joining components were used to connect the composite plates from their forehead by the tight fitting method. As seen in Figure 1, specimens were cut out from the composite plate joined mechanically on forehead and then experiments were carried out. The effects of the change of the geometric parameters of butterfly-shaped joining components on the load-carrying capacities were analyzed in detail in Ref 12. In this study, the primary dimensions (b, L, t) of the specimen joined in mechanic butt joint were kept as fixed and width (w), middle width (x) and semi-length (y) of the joint lock in the shape of butterfly were changed. To see the effects of geometric parameters of the butterfly joints on the failure loads, 200 G. Altan. M. Τορςα. If. frllioglu Science and Engineering of Composite Materials t i h T Ku t \fi i, L _\ X Fig. 1: Type of butterfly joint. changes were made in the ratio of butterfly end width to specimen width (w/b), butterfly middle width to butterfly end width (w/x) and butterfly semi-length to specimen width (y/b) and a series of experiments were carried out. According to the result of these experiments, maximum joint load was determined when the butterfly semi-length is y=16 mm, the end width of butterfly joining component is w=16mm and butterfly middle width isx= 3.2 mm I\2I. The dimensions of the butterfly joining component were taken with these values in this study and experiments were carried out. If the joint between the A and B specimens shown in Figure 2 is made by the butterfly joining component only, the load applied from the A specimen is transferred to the B specimen through the edge surfaces shown by 3 via the butterfly joining component. During the transfer of the load, compression and shearing loads are formed on the edge surfaces shown by 3. If the butt joint is made both by the butterfly joining component and adhesive, the load transferred is sent to the B specimen via all the bonded edge surfaces and via the butterfly joining component. In this case, while the surfaces 1 and 2 (thick-lined areas) are exposed to the tension loads, the bonded bevel surfaces 3 (thin-lined areas) are exposed to compression and shearing loads. Â t Figure 2: Load transfer of butterfly joint. 201 Vol. 17, No. 3, 2010 The Effects of the Butterfly Joints on Failure Loads and Fatigue Performance of Composite Structures 3. PRODUCTION OF THE MATERIAL AND ITS MECHANICAL PROPERTIES The glass fiber-epoxy composite material used in this study was produced by the method of hot pressing at Izoreel Composite Isolate Materials. Glass fiber design was chosen as one-sided and two-sided. The epoxy resin used as the matrix material was formed with the mixture of CY224 epoxy of the ratio 100/80 and HY225 hardener. The mixture of epoxy resin and hardener was applied to each glass fiber layer in a mold and a 16-layer wet composite material was obtained. The wet glass fiber obtained in a mold was put under hot press in order that the epoxy composite material will be cured and reduced to minimum thickness.
Recommended publications
  • In 2017, the Château of Chambord Is Replanting Its 18Th-Century French Formal Gardens
    TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................ 3 I - HISTORY .......................................................................................................................................... 4 1 - The Château’s Surroundings in the 16th Century ........................................................................ 4 2 - The Major Projects of the 17th Century ........................................................................................ 4 3 - Completion of the Parterre in the 18th Century ........................................................................... 5 4 - The Steady Disappearance of the Garden .................................................................................. 7 II – SCIENTIFIC APPROACH ........................................................................................................... 8 1 - A Methodical and Scientific Investigation .................................................................................. 8 2 - Historical Research (2003–2014) .................................................................................................. 8 3 - Archaeological and Geophysical Surface Surveys (2013–2014) .................................................. 8 4 - Planned Archaeological Digs (2016) ............................................................................................ 9 III – COMPOSITION OF FRENCH FORMAL GARDENS ........................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Patching Old Floorboards
    Patching Old Floorboards SPAB Technical Advice Note Philip Hughes BSc, MRICS (Chartered Building Surveyor) and SPAB Scholar The Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings 37 Spital Square London E1 6DY 020 7377 1644 [email protected] www.spab.org.uk Contents An old floor of wide boards – scrubbed or polished for generations and uneven from wear – adds considerable richness to any room in an old building. A floor is one of the principal surfaces of a room, yet ancient boards are often badly abused. Bodged attempts to replace boards are common. Even when replacement is completed satisfactorily, the result will not always be visually acceptable. In addition, replacement of floors in their entirety often takes place unnecessarily. This Technical Advice Note aims to alleviate the problem by suggesting a number of methods by which old boards may be patched or repaired. 1 Introduction ....................... 3 2 Deterioration ....................... 3 3 Lifting floorboards ....................... 3 4 Undulations and gaps ....................... 5 5 Reducing unevenness ....................... 6 6 Repairing a split board ....................... 6 7 Repairing a broken edge ....................... 7 8 Strengthening a weak board ....................... 8 9 Splicing a broken end ....................... 8 10 Relaying old boards ....................... 8 11 Surface treatment ....................... 9 12 Conclusion ....................... 9 13 References ....................... 9 14 Other advice ....................... 9 Cover image: Warmth and richness of a well-repaired old floor. Photo: Philip Hughes 2 SPAB Patching Old Floorboards 1 Introduction 3 Lifting This Technical Advice Note explains common reasons why floorboards deteriorate (section 2) floorboards and a range of methods by which they can be repaired (sections 4 to 9). It also discusses It is extremely easy to cause serious damage techniques for successfully lifting floorboards, to floorboards by attempting to lift them – where it is necessary to take them up, and offers particularly when the board is decayed.
    [Show full text]
  • Idaho's Monarch Butterfly Connection by Beth Waterbury, Wildlife Biologist, Idaho Department of Fish and Game, Salmon Region
    Vol. 39 No. 1 March 2017 Newsletter of the Idaho Native Plant Society Promoting Interest in Idaho’s Native Flora Idaho's Monarch Butterfly Connection By Beth Waterbury, Wildlife Biologist, Idaho Department of Fish and Game, Salmon Region Few species spark people's wonder and pas- little was known about milkweed and breeding sion like the monarch butterfly. With its fiery- monarch distribution in the West. This was cer- orange and black pattern and large wingspan, the tainly the case for Idaho, where as recently as monarch is among the most recognized insects in 2014, only a handful of monarch and milkweed North America. Its life cycle is a complex marvel records existed for the entire state. involving a lengthy migration completed relay- style by several generations in a single year. Dur- Federal grant helps to leverage monarch ing their summer wanderings, female monarchs work in Idaho and Washington lay their eggs on the leaves of milkweeds—the sole Through a grant from the U.S. Fish and Wild- food source for their striking yellow, white, and life Service, Idaho Department of Fish and Game black-striped caterpillars. Milkweeds are the es- (IDFG), Washington Department of Fish and sential links of the chain that connect monarch Wildlife (WDFW), and the Xerces Society for In- breeding populations across North America. vertebrate Conservation partnered on a multi- Monarch butterflies have made their mark on faceted project to address monarch and milkweed Idaho as the official state insect. Idaho is one of 11 data gaps in Idaho and Washington. Starting in western states that contribute to the western mon- 2016, partners worked to compile monarch and arch population.
    [Show full text]
  • Woodworking Glossary, a Comprehensive List of Woodworking Terms and Their Definitions That Will Help You Understand More About Woodworking
    Welcome to the Woodworking Glossary, a comprehensive list of woodworking terms and their definitions that will help you understand more about woodworking. Each word has a complete definition, and several have links to other pages that further explain the term. Enjoy. Woodworking Glossary A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | #'s | A | A-Frame This is a common and strong building and construction shape where you place two side pieces in the orientation of the legs of a letter "A" shape, and then cross brace the middle. This is useful on project ends, and bases where strength is needed. Abrasive Abrasive is a term use to describe sandpaper typically. This is a material that grinds or abrades material, most commonly wood, to change the surface texture. Using Abrasive papers means using sandpaper in most cases, and you can use it on wood, or on a finish in between coats or for leveling. Absolute Humidity The absolute humidity of the air is a measurement of the amount of water that is in the air. This is without regard to the temperature, and is a measure of how much water vapor is being held in the surrounding air. Acetone Acetone is a solvent that you can use to clean parts, or remove grease. Acetone is useful for removing and cutting grease on a wooden bench top that has become contaminated with oil. Across the Grain When looking at the grain of a piece of wood, if you were to scratch the piece perpendicular to the direction of the grain, this would be an across the grain scratch.
    [Show full text]
  • Download This Issue As
    A A Wednesday, June 27, 2018 • Vol. 12 Issue 9 July 4th in Orinda! JULY 8 a.m. Haley’s Fun Run for a Reason Independent, locally 9 a.m. Book Sale 26,000 copies owned and operated! delivered biweekly to 10 a.m. Lamorinda homes & Best Hometown businesses 2018 Parade! 925-377-0977 www.lamorindaweekly.com 11:30 Party in the Park FREE Local newspaper delivered to Lafayette,Family fun Moraga for all ages! and Orinda Visit OrindaParade.com Presented by The Orinda Association since 1984 JULY 2018 A ConFire firefighter drops a lit sparkler in a nearby field. The vegetation was ablaze five seconds later. Photos Nick Marnell This happened in five seconds By Nick Marnell apt. David Woods dropped a lit sparkler to the ground If you try this at home, you will likely not be immedi- cause hundreds of fires, taking off the street firefighters who during a June 19 Contra Costa County Fire Protec- ately surrounded by professional emergency personnel. could answer other emergency calls. Laing recommends that Ction District training session and in five seconds, the “Sparklers burn at 1,200 to 2,000 degrees. They can very you enjoy the aerial firework displays licensed and regulated vegetation was completely ablaze. The exercise occurred in easily start fires, they are not safe and they are illegal,” said by the fire districts, like the Fourth of July fireworks show a confined, regulated space, with dozens of firefighters read- Capt. George Laing. put on by the town of Moraga. ily available. With the dry grasses in the area, illegal fireworks can “We do not need any more ignition sources,” Laing said.
    [Show full text]
  • NPRC) VIP List, 2009
    Description of document: National Archives National Personnel Records Center (NPRC) VIP list, 2009 Requested date: December 2007 Released date: March 2008 Posted date: 04-January-2010 Source of document: National Personnel Records Center Military Personnel Records 9700 Page Avenue St. Louis, MO 63132-5100 Note: NPRC staff has compiled a list of prominent persons whose military records files they hold. They call this their VIP Listing. You can ask for a copy of any of these files simply by submitting a Freedom of Information Act request to the address above. The governmentattic.org web site (“the site”) is noncommercial and free to the public. The site and materials made available on the site, such as this file, are for reference only. The governmentattic.org web site and its principals have made every effort to make this information as complete and as accurate as possible, however, there may be mistakes and omissions, both typographical and in content. The governmentattic.org web site and its principals shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damage caused, or alleged to have been caused, directly or indirectly, by the information provided on the governmentattic.org web site or in this file. The public records published on the site were obtained from government agencies using proper legal channels. Each document is identified as to the source. Any concerns about the contents of the site should be directed to the agency originating the document in question. GovernmentAttic.org is not responsible for the contents of documents published on the website.
    [Show full text]
  • Complete Instructions and Setup for Clincher Fence Machinetm and Smartfence
    INCLUDES COLLECTION OF SIXTY, 16” long TEMPLATES and FULL SIZE PLANS FOR MAKING: • Box joints • Double-Double Box joints • Half-Blind Dovetails • Double Dovetails • Through & Double Through Dovetails • Jointech’s exclusive BoxtailsTM FULLY ILLUSTRATED WITH OVER • Plus 18 Scales for repetitive cutting 1 7 DETAILED ULL COLOR Cutting intervals range from /8” up to /8”. 200 F - DRAWINGS AND PHOTOS, PLUS NUMEROUS SHOP TIPS AND TECHNIQUES. Complete Instructions and Setup for MADE IN THE U.S.A. Manufactured by: TM ® Clincher Fence Machine and SmartFence . Jointech, Inc. SETUPS for CABINET MAKING OPERATIONS P.O. Box 790727 San Antonio, TX 78279 • Edge Jointing • Frames • Raised Panels Customer Svc : (210) 524-9104 Facsimile: (210) 377-1282 email:[email protected] Introduction CLINCHER FENCE MACHINE.....................................................................................2 Templates and scales Fence Machine Systems Warranty OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES.........................................................................................3 Setting Up SYSTEM SETUP and ASSEMBLY...............................................................................4 Mounting CLINCHER Mounting Fence Dust Collection Attachment Vertical Push Fixture assembly X-Y Stop Block operation Cutting Profile Inserts Cabinet Making EDGE JOINTING......... ................................................................................................6 Operations SHAPING OPERATIONS .............................................................................................7
    [Show full text]
  • MONARCH Summary Brochure.Art 31/10/01 9:45 Am Page 1
    MONARCH Summary brochure.art 31/10/01 9:45 am Page 1 All photographs used by permission Climate Change and Paul Sterry, Nature Photographers Ltd (NPL) E Thompson (NPL) front cover: rocky shore, page 11: azure damselfly page 6: large heath butterfly, Nature Conservation page 8: trailing azalea, British Trust for Ornithology page 9: spanish catchfly, page 1: red-throated diver, page 12: capercaillie, page 7: dunlin, in Britain and Ireland page 14: salt marsh, sea purslane, page 12: nuthatch, page 17: mountain ringlet page 15: oystercatcher MONARCH - Modelling Natural Resource Andrew Cleave (NPL) English Nature front cover: mudflats, page 8: globe flower, Responses to Climate Change page 10: peat bog, page 9: beech trees, page 15: sabellaria alveolata page 11: female natterjack toad S.Bisserot (NPL) Duchas, The Heritage Service, Ireland page 13: stalagmites page 13: Burren national park Sverre Stølen, Norway page 9: Norwegian mugwort The UK Climate Impacts Programme (UKCIP) UKCIP was established by the UK Government in 1997, with the aim of providing a framework for the integrated assessment of climate change impacts. Researchers for MONARCH used the UKCIP98 climate scenarios and data sets, as well as the statistical techniques and several computer models. They also considered their findings in the light of other research undertaken under the UKCIP umbrella, particularly the DEFRA Conservation Policy Review and regional scoping studies. These earlier studies were based on expert opinion and literature reviews, but the modelling in MONARCH
    [Show full text]
  • Table Top and Base Collection
    Table Top and Base Collection Laminate and Veneer Solid Wood Specialty Tables Bases 877.747.7638 | softtouchfurniture.com WHAT MAKES US DIFFERENT With a nod to the past, an eye on the future, and a clear focus on our customer’s present needs, Soft Touch Furniture has carved out a distinct space in the restaurant and hospitality furniture industry. In business for more than 40 years, we have a long history of innovative design and quality workmanship that have delighted both customers and their patrons. Our job is to make you look good, and it’s one we take very seriously. WE ARE THE MANUFACTURER We’re a complete commercial furniture manufacturer capable of filling just about any need you may have. We work with all types of clients, from designers, architects, national chains and single owner operators of any size, on Table of Content: any size order. Laminate and Veneer 4–13 Metal & Powder Coating 29 Wood Styles & Species 14–19 Seating Capacity 30 You can get exactly what you want. We have a large Specialty Tables 20–23 Table Heights 31 stock, ready for your choice of color, fabrics, and finishes. Live Edge Tables 24–25 Table Bases 32–37 But if you want custom, we’ll work with you and design Drop Leaf Tables 26–27 Table Options 38–39 something that fits your space. We are the manufacturer, Technology 28 and because of that, there are no middlemen. We offer American-made quality, in the styles and finishes you want, at competitive prices. Delivery and installation are never a problem, as we handle those as well.
    [Show full text]
  • Interactive Construction
    Interactive Construction: Interactive Fabrication of Functional Mechanical Devices Stefanie Mueller, Pedro Lopes, and Patrick Baudisch Hasso Plattner Institute, Potsdam, Germany {stefanie..mueller, pedro..lopes, patrick. baudisch}@hpi.u.ni-potsdam.de ABSTRACT Personal fabrication tools, such as laser cutters and 3D printers allow users to create precise objects quickly. How- ever, working through a CAD system removes users from the workpiece. Recent interactive fabrication tools reintro- duce this directness, but at the expense of precision. In this paper, we introduce constructable, an interactive drafting table that produces precise physical output in every step. Users interact by drafting directly on the workpiece using a hand-held laser pointer. The system tracks the pointer, beautifies its path, and implements its effect by cutting the workpiece using a fast high-powered laser cutter. Constructable achieves precision through tool-specific constraints, user-defined sketch lines, and by using the laser cutter itself for all visual feedback, rather than using a screen or projection. We demonstrate how Constructable allows creating simple but functional devices, including a simple gearbox, that cannot be created with traditional Figure 1: (a) Constructable users interact by drafting interactive fabrication tools. directly on the workpiece with hand-held lasers. (b) Here the user sketches a finger joint across two Author Keywords: interactive fabrication; laser cutting; objects (c) The system responds by cutting the desired rapid prototyping; sketching; construction; mechanics. joint using the cutting laser. (d) Constructable allows ACM Classification Keywords: H5.2 [Information inter- creating precise & functional mechanical objects, faces and presentation]: User Interfaces. - Graphical user such as this simple motorized vehicle.
    [Show full text]
  • Kentucky Unwanted Plants
    Chapter 6 A Brief Guide to Kentucky’s Non-Native, Invasive Species, Common Weeds, and Other Unwanted Plants A publication of the Louisville Water Company Wellhead Protection Plan, Phase III Source Reduction Grant # X9-96479407-0 Chapter 6 A Brief Guide to Kentucky’s Non-native, Invasive Species, Common Weeds and Other Unwanted Plants What is an invasive exotic plant? A plant is considered exotic, (alien, foreign, non- indigenous, non-native), when it has been introduced by humans to a location outside its native or natural range. Most invasive, exotic plants have escaped cultivation or have spread from its origin and have become a problem or a potential problem in natural biological communities. For example, black locust, a tree that is native to the southern Appalachian region and portions of Indiana, Illinois, and Missouri, was planted throughout the U.S. for living fences, erosion control, and other uses for many years. Black locust is considered exotic outside its natural native range because it got to these places Kudzu is an invasive exotic plant that has spread by human introduction rather than by natural from Japan and China to become a large problem in dispersion. It has become invasive, displacing native much of the US. Local, state, and the federal species and adversely impacting ecosystems and governments spend millions of dollars per year to several endangered native bird species that depend on control the spread of kudzu. Even yearly control other plants for food, as well as several endangered may not be enough to successfully remove kudzu. Seeds can remain dormant in the plant species.
    [Show full text]
  • Cladding Systems, Moisture Protection, Thermal Control and Air Barriers: Effective Enclosure Design Strategies
    Cladding Systems, Moisture Protection, Thermal Control and Air Barriers: Effective Enclosure Design Strategies Water and Air Barriers: Methods of Protection for Wood-Frame Structures Presented by Richard Keleher AIA, CSI, LEED AP Disclaimer: This presentation was developed by a third party and is not funded by WoodWorks or the Softwood Lumber Board. “The Wood Products Council” This course is registered with is a Registered Provider with AIA CES for continuing The American Institute of professional education. As Architects Continuing such, it does not include Education Systems (AIA/CES), content that may be deemed Provider #G516. or construed to be an approval or endorsement by Credit(s) earned on the AIA of any material of completion of this course will construction or any method be reported to AIA CES for AIA or manner of handling, members. Certificates of using, distributing, or dealing Completion for both AIA in any material or product. members and non-AIA _______________________ members are available upon request. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation. Course Description This interactive workshop will examine the unique considerations of building enclosure design for wood-frame multi-family and commercial projects. Presented by three experts, it will break enclosure design into its main control layer topics: cladding systems, moisture protection, thermal control and air barriers. Each of these control layers will be addressed, including product options, assembly and detailing strategies, continuity, inspections, and how each control layer affects the others. Using the mid-Atlantic climate as a basis of design, the presenters will then lead a design charrette using parameters selected by the audience.
    [Show full text]