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World History Chp. 5, sec. 4 notes Philip Builds Macedonian Power Macedonia located north of Greece. Rough terrain and cold climate. Thought of themselves as Greeks. Greeks thought Macedonians were uncivilized. Philip becomes King of Macedonia in 359 B.C. and transforms army in skilled fighters. Philip used the phalanx and cavalry to defeat northern opponents and eventually Greece. Demosthenes warned of Macedonian aggression but Greek City-states could not agree on policy. Athens and Thebes faced Macedonians at the Battle of Chaeronea. The Macedonian victory ended Greek independence. Philip next planned to invade Persia. Philip was assassinated in 336 B.C. / Alexander age 20 becomes king. Alexander Defeats Persia Alexander crosses the Hellespont in 334 B.C. Alexander defeats Persian army at Granicus River. Darius III raises army and vows to crush Alexander. Alexander defeats Persians at Issus. Darius flees. Darius offers Alexander all Persian land west of the Euphrates River. Alexander rejects offer. Alexander marched into Egypt in 332 B.C./ seen as liberator and proclaimed Pharaoh. While in Egypt Alexander founds Alexandria at the mouth of the Nile. Alexander moves into Mesopotamia and encounters Darius and massive Persian army. Persia’s power is destroyed with Alexander’s victory at the Battle of Guagamela. Alexander’s Other Conquests Chased Darius eastward only to find him murdered by a provincial governor. Continued pushing eastward to the Indus River. Low morale among soldiers eventually forced return. Marched ll,000 miles in 11 years. Reached Babylon by 323 B.C. Alexander was planning to organize and unite his empire. Contracted fever and died at the age of 32. Alexander’s empire divided amongst three generals: 1. Antigonus – King of Macedonia and Greek city –states. 2. Ptolemy – Took Egypt and proclaimed Pharaoh. Started dynasty. 3. Seleucus – most of old Persian Empire. New culture emerged. Blending of Greek and Eastern customs. .

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Alexander's Empire
4 Alexander’s Empire MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW TERMS & NAMES EMPIRE BUILDING Alexander the Alexander’s empire extended • Philip II •Alexander Great conquered Persia and Egypt across an area that today consists •Macedonia the Great and extended his empire to the of many nations and diverse • Darius III Indus River in northwest India. cultures. SETTING THE STAGE The Peloponnesian War severely weakened several Greek city-states. This caused a rapid decline in their military and economic power. In the nearby kingdom of Macedonia, King Philip II took note. Philip dreamed of taking control of Greece and then moving against Persia to seize its vast wealth. Philip also hoped to avenge the Persian invasion of Greece in 480 B.C. TAKING NOTES Philip Builds Macedonian Power Outlining Use an outline to organize main ideas The kingdom of Macedonia, located just north of Greece, about the growth of had rough terrain and a cold climate. The Macedonians were Alexander's empire. a hardy people who lived in mountain villages rather than city-states. Most Macedonian nobles thought of themselves Alexander's Empire as Greeks. The Greeks, however, looked down on the I. Philip Builds Macedonian Power Macedonians as uncivilized foreigners who had no great A. philosophers, sculptors, or writers. The Macedonians did have one very B. important resource—their shrewd and fearless kings. II. Alexander Conquers Persia Philip’s Army In 359 B.C., Philip II became king of Macedonia. Though only 23 years old, he quickly proved to be a brilliant general and a ruthless politician. Philip transformed the rugged peasants under his command into a well-trained professional army.
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