Alexander's Empire

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Name Class Date The Greek World History and Geography Alexander’s Empire Alexander the Great began building his empire in 334 BC, when he defeated a large Persian army at Granicus. He continued his march through Asia Minor and conquered the Persians near the town of Issus. In 332 BC Alexander invaded Egypt, which surrendered to him with- out a fight. Alexander then went to Gaugamela, where he defeated the Persian army for the last time. When the king of Persia fled the coun- try, Alexander became ruler of the Persian Empire. Alexander and his armies kept marching through Central Asia. Once they crossed the Indus River, Alexander’s soldiers refused to go any farther. They were tired and wanted to go home. Disappointed, Alexander and his army began their long journey back to Greece. The map below shows the path of Alexander’s conquests. Use the map to answer the questions on the following page. D a N n 0 250 500 Miles u b e W E R 0 250 500 Kilometers iver Ja S Aral xa IA (S rte ON Sea yr s D D R CE a A Bla r i M ck CAUCASU y v Se a e a r Pella MOUNTAINS C ) a Alexandria S s O Granicus xu p ( s Eskhata 334 BC Am Thebes i u R Gordium a i D ve Athens n a r BACTRIA ry Sparta Sardis a) S ASIA MINOR e Crete a INDU Alexandria Issus Alexandropolis Alexandria on H Nicaea 333 BC the Caucasus KUSH M Gaugamela e Kabul d T 331 BC i i t A e g r I ra Cyprus r PARTHIA n R i Ecbatana ea s Alexandria n Y R S S . Alexandria Bucephala ea r Areia e PERSIAN Alexandria v Alexandria i E Susa u Arachoton R Alexandria p EMPIRE h Babylon (Kandahar) Opiana Memphis ra te s s u R. d Pasargadae n INDIA Arabian Alexandria I EGYPT Persepolis Alexandria N Peninsula i l P e e R r Alexandria . si Pattala Red an Carmana Battle site G ulf Sea Route of Alexander and his army. Arabian Sea MAP ACTIVITY 1. Use a bright color to highlight the route taken by Alexander and his armies. 2. Use a different color to highlight all three of the major battle sites where Alexander and his armies fought the Persians. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. 22 The Greek World 5183_MSH_HistGeo_Ch10.indd 22 2/1/05 9:44:11 PM Name Class Date Alexander’s Empire, continued History and Geography 3. What is the name of the river that Alexander and his armies crossed after entering Central Asia? Highlight it on the map with another color. 4. Update the map legend to reflect the colors that you have added to the map. ANALYZING MAPS 1. Place How many cities did Alexander name Alexandria, after himself? 2. Location What major battle site lies south of the Caucasus Mountains? 3. Region How many miles did Alexander’s empire extend from east to west? 4. Movement Why did Alexander’s soldiers refuse to go deeper into Central Asia? What effect did this have on Alexander’s effort to build a great empire? Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. 23 The Greek World 5183_MSH_HistGeo_Ch10.indd 23 2/1/05 9:44:47 PM .

Copy Link

Recommended publications

Colony and Empire, Colonialism and Imperialism: a Meaningful Distinction?
Comparative Studies in Society and History 2021;63(2):280–309. 0010-4175/21 © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Society for the Comparative Study of Society and History doi:10.1017/S0010417521000050 Colony and Empire, Colonialism and Imperialism: A Meaningful Distinction? KRISHAN KUMAR University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA It is a mistaken notion that planting of colonies and extending of Empire are necessarily one and the same thing. ———Major John Cartwright, Ten Letters to the Public Advertiser, 20 March–14 April 1774 (in Koebner 1961: 200). There are two ways to conquer a country; the first is to subordinate the inhabitants and govern them directly or indirectly.… The second is to replace the former inhabitants with the conquering race. ———Alexis de Tocqueville (2001[1841]: 61). One can instinctively think of neo-colonialism but there is no such thing as neo-settler colonialism. ———Lorenzo Veracini (2010: 100). WHAT’ S IN A NAME? It is rare in popular usage to distinguish between imperialism and colonialism. They are treated for most intents and purposes as synonyms. The same is true of many scholarly accounts, which move freely between imperialism and colonialism without apparently feeling any discomfort or need to explain themselves. So, for instance, Dane Kennedy defines colonialism as “the imposition by foreign power of direct rule over another people” (2016: 1), which for most people would do very well as a definition of empire, or imperialism. Moreover, he comments that “decolonization did not necessarily Acknowledgments: This paper is a much-revised version of a presentation given many years ago at a seminar on empires organized by Patricia Crone, at the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton.
[Show full text]
The Satrap of Western Anatolia and the Greeks
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2017 The aS trap Of Western Anatolia And The Greeks Eyal Meyer University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Ancient History, Greek and Roman through Late Antiquity Commons Recommended Citation Meyer, Eyal, "The aS trap Of Western Anatolia And The Greeks" (2017). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 2473. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/2473 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/2473 For more information, please contact [email protected]. The aS trap Of Western Anatolia And The Greeks Abstract This dissertation explores the extent to which Persian policies in the western satrapies originated from the provincial capitals in the Anatolian periphery rather than from the royal centers in the Persian heartland in the fifth ec ntury BC. I begin by establishing that the Persian administrative apparatus was a product of a grand reform initiated by Darius I, which was aimed at producing a more uniform and centralized administrative infrastructure. In the following chapter I show that the provincial administration was embedded with chancellors, scribes, secretaries and military personnel of royal status and that the satrapies were periodically inspected by the Persian King or his loyal agents, which allowed to central authorities to monitory the provinces. In chapter three I delineate the extent of satrapal authority, responsibility and resources, and conclude that the satraps were supplied with considerable resources which enabled to fulfill the duties of their office. After the power dynamic between the Great Persian King and his provincial governors and the nature of the office of satrap has been analyzed, I begin a diachronic scrutiny of Greco-Persian interactions in the fifth century BC.
[Show full text]
The Sovereignty of the Crown Dependencies and the British Overseas Territories in the Brexit Era
Island Studies Journal, 15(1), 2020, 151-168 The sovereignty of the Crown Dependencies and the British Overseas Territories in the Brexit era Maria Mut Bosque School of Law, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Spain MINECO DER 2017-86138, Ministry of Economic Affairs & Digital Transformation, Spain Institute of Commonwealth Studies, University of London, UK [email protected] (corresponding author) Abstract: This paper focuses on an analysis of the sovereignty of two territorial entities that have unique relations with the United Kingdom: the Crown Dependencies and the British Overseas Territories (BOTs). Each of these entities includes very different territories, with different legal statuses and varying forms of self-administration and constitutional linkages with the UK. However, they also share similarities and challenges that enable an analysis of these territories as a complete set. The incomplete sovereignty of the Crown Dependencies and BOTs has entailed that all these territories (except Gibraltar) have not been allowed to participate in the 2016 Brexit referendum or in the withdrawal negotiations with the EU. Moreover, it is reasonable to assume that Brexit is not an exceptional situation. In the future there will be more and more relevant international issues for these territories which will remain outside of their direct control, but will have a direct impact on them. Thus, if no adjustments are made to their statuses, these territories will have to keep trusting that the UK will be able to represent their interests at the same level as its own interests. Keywords: Brexit, British Overseas Territories (BOTs), constitutional status, Crown Dependencies, sovereignty https://doi.org/10.24043/isj.114 • Received June 2019, accepted March 2020 © 2020—Institute of Island Studies, University of Prince Edward Island, Canada.
[Show full text]
Kretan Cult and Customs, Especially in the Classical and Hellenistic Periods: a Religious, Social, and Political Study
i Kretan cult and customs, especially in the Classical and Hellenistic periods: a religious, social, and political study Thesis submitted for degree of MPhil Carolyn Schofield University College London ii Declaration I, Carolyn Schofield, confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been acknowledged in the thesis. iii Abstract Ancient Krete perceived itself, and was perceived from outside, as rather different from the rest of Greece, particularly with respect to religion, social structure, and laws. The purpose of the thesis is to explore the bases for these perceptions and their accuracy. Krete’s self-perception is examined in the light of the account of Diodoros Siculus (Book 5, 64-80, allegedly based on Kretan sources), backed up by inscriptions and archaeology, while outside perceptions are derived mainly from other literary sources, including, inter alia, Homer, Strabo, Plato and Aristotle, Herodotos and Polybios; in both cases making reference also to the fragments and testimonia of ancient historians of Krete. While the main cult-epithets of Zeus on Krete – Diktaios, associated with pre-Greek inhabitants of eastern Krete, Idatas, associated with Dorian settlers, and Kretagenes, the symbol of the Hellenistic koinon - are almost unique to the island, those of Apollo are not, but there is good reason to believe that both Delphinios and Pythios originated on Krete, and evidence too that the Eleusinian Mysteries and Orphic and Dionysiac rites had much in common with early Kretan practice. The early institutionalization of pederasty, and the abduction of boys described by Ephoros, are unique to Krete, but the latter is distinct from rites of initiation to manhood, which continued later on Krete than elsewhere, and were associated with different gods.
[Show full text]
Alexander's Empire
4 Alexander’s Empire MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW TERMS & NAMES EMPIRE BUILDING Alexander the Alexander’s empire extended • Philip II •Alexander Great conquered Persia and Egypt across an area that today consists •Macedonia the Great and extended his empire to the of many nations and diverse • Darius III Indus River in northwest India. cultures. SETTING THE STAGE The Peloponnesian War severely weakened several Greek city-states. This caused a rapid decline in their military and economic power. In the nearby kingdom of Macedonia, King Philip II took note. Philip dreamed of taking control of Greece and then moving against Persia to seize its vast wealth. Philip also hoped to avenge the Persian invasion of Greece in 480 B.C. TAKING NOTES Philip Builds Macedonian Power Outlining Use an outline to organize main ideas The kingdom of Macedonia, located just north of Greece, about the growth of had rough terrain and a cold climate. The Macedonians were Alexander's empire. a hardy people who lived in mountain villages rather than city-states. Most Macedonian nobles thought of themselves Alexander's Empire as Greeks. The Greeks, however, looked down on the I. Philip Builds Macedonian Power Macedonians as uncivilized foreigners who had no great A. philosophers, sculptors, or writers. The Macedonians did have one very B. important resource—their shrewd and fearless kings. II. Alexander Conquers Persia Philip’s Army In 359 B.C., Philip II became king of Macedonia. Though only 23 years old, he quickly proved to be a brilliant general and a ruthless politician. Philip transformed the rugged peasants under his command into a well-trained professional army.
[Show full text]
A Global Comparison of Non-Sovereign Island Territories: the Search for ‘True Equality’
Island Studies Journal, 15(1), 2020, 43-66 A global comparison of non-sovereign island territories: the search for ‘true equality’ Malcom Ferdinand CNRS, Paris, France [email protected] Gert Oostindie KITLV, the Netherlands Leiden University, the Netherlands [email protected] (corresponding author) Wouter Veenendaal KITLV, the Netherlands Leiden University, the Netherlands [email protected] Abstract: For a great majority of former colonies, the outcome of decolonization was independence. Yet scattered across the globe, remnants of former colonial empires are still non-sovereign as part of larger metropolitan states. There is little drive for independence in these territories, virtually all of which are small island nations, also known as sub-national island jurisdictions (SNIJs). Why do so many former colonial territories choose to remain non-sovereign? In this paper we attempt to answer this question by conducting a global comparative study of non-sovereign jurisdictions. We start off by analyzing their present economic, social and political conditions, after which we assess local levels of (dis)content with the contemporary political status, and their articulation in postcolonial politics. We find that levels of discontent and frustration covary with the particular demographic, socio- economic and historical-cultural conditions of individual territories. While significant independence movements can be observed in only two or three jurisdictions, in virtually all cases there is profound dissatisfaction and frustration with the contemporary non-sovereign arrangement and its outcomes. Instead of achieving independence, the territories’ real struggle nowadays is for obtaining ‘true equality’ with the metropolis, as well as recognition of their distinct cultural identities.
[Show full text]
Greece • Crete • Turkey May 28 - June 22, 2021
GREECE • CRETE • TURKEY MAY 28 - JUNE 22, 2021 Tour Hosts: Dr. Scott Moore Dr. Jason Whitlark organized by GREECE - CRETE - TURKEY / May 28 - June 22, 2021 May 31 Mon ATHENS - CORINTH CANAL - CORINTH – ACROCORINTH - NAFPLION At 8:30a.m. depart from Athens and drive along the coastal highway of Saronic Gulf. Arrive at the Corinth Canal for a brief stop and then continue on to the Acropolis of Corinth. Acro-corinth is the citadel of Corinth. It is situated to the southwest of the ancient city and rises to an elevation of 1883 ft. [574 m.]. Today it is surrounded by walls that are about 1.85 mi. [3 km.] long. The foundations of the fortifications are ancient—going back to the Hellenistic Period. The current walls were built and rebuilt by the Byzantines, Franks, Venetians, and Ottoman Turks. Climb up and visit the fortress. Then proceed to the Ancient city of Corinth. It was to this megalopolis where the apostle Paul came and worked, established a thriving church, subsequently sending two of his epistles now part of the New Testament. Here, we see all of the sites associated with his ministry: the Agora, the Temple of Apollo, the Roman Odeon, the Bema and Gallio’s Seat. The small local archaeological museum here is an absolute must! In Romans 16:23 Paul mentions his friend Erastus and • • we will see an inscription to him at the site. In the afternoon we will drive to GREECE CRETE TURKEY Nafplion for check-in at hotel followed by dinner and overnight. (B,D) MAY 28 - JUNE 22, 2021 June 1 Tue EPIDAURAUS - MYCENAE - NAFPLION Morning visit to Mycenae where we see the remains of the prehistoric citadel Parthenon, fortified with the Cyclopean Walls, the Lionesses’ Gate, the remains of the Athens Mycenaean Palace and the Tomb of King Agamemnon in which we will actually enter.
[Show full text]
Iranian-Tour-Details
10 days / 9 nights Starting from $1450.00 per person based on double occupancy $550 single supplement Day one Leave United States for your flight to Shiraz Day two: Shiraz Arrive to Shiraz. Our guide is waiting to greet and transfer you to your hotel where you sill stay overnight in Shiraz. Day three: Shiraz The first full tour day begins an educational adventure led by our Group Leader. First we will visit the beautiful Narenjestan Garden, circa 1257 CS, which features a richly decorated pavilion set among graceful trees. Next, we’ll walk to the Vakil Bazaar - one of the finest and most important bazaars of historical Iran, established in the 11th century CE. The next visit is to the Tomb of Hafez, Iran’s greatest lyric poet, followed by the Tomb of Sa’adi whose poems and tales are still known to every Iranian. After that, we will journey to the downtown part of the city to the Arg-E Karim (Karim Khan Citadel). It was named after a king of the 18th century Zand Dynasty, who made this city his capital. You will learn the history of the citadel, King Karim Khan and the dynasty. Finally, we will enjoy the shining domes ov Ali Ebn- e Hamze and Holy Shrine of Shah Cheragh. You will spend the night in your hotel in Shiraz. Day four: Shiraz – Persepolis – Pasargadae – Yazd Once we check out of the hotel, we will take a vehicle to Yazd, one of the most distinctive cities in Iran, renowned for its Persian architecture. Along the way, we will visit Persepolis in the heart of the fabled Persian Empire.
[Show full text]
Colonial Empires Cases and Comparisons
The Ends of European Colonial Empires Cases and Comparisons Edited by Miguel Bandeira Jerónimo Instltute of Social Scìences, tJníverslf of Lßbon, portugal and António Costa Pinto Instítute of Soclal Scìences, IJniverslty of Llsbon, portugal pôlgreve rnacm illa n -Y- Editorial matter, introduction and selection @ Miguet Bandeira Jerónimo and António costa Pinto 2015 Contents lndividual chapters O Contr¡butors 2015 Att rights reserved. No reProduction, coPy or transmission of this pubtication may be made without written Permission. No portion of this pubtication may be reproduced, copied or trânsmitted Acknowledgements 1X save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any ticence Notes on Contributors X permitting [imited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House,6-10 Kirby Street, London EClN 8TS. Introduction - The Ends of Empire: Chronologies, Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication Historiographies, and Traiectories 1 and civil claims for damages' may be tiabte to criminal Prosecution Miguel Bandeirø [erónimo and António Costa Pinto The authors have asserted their r¡ghts to be identified as the âuthors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Part I Competing Developments: The Idioms of Reform and Resistance First pubtished 2015 by PALCRAVE MACMILLAN 1 Development, Modernization, and the Social Sciences Patgrave Macmittan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Pubtishers Limited, in the Era of Decolonization: The Examples of British registered in England, comPany number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, and French Africa 15 Hampshire RCz1 6XS.
[Show full text]
A. the Peloponnesian War (431-404 BC)
www.HistoryAtOurHouse.Com Junior High Class Notes III. The Decline and Fall of Greece (431-146 BC) A. The Peloponnesian War (431-404 BC) 1. The main reasons Sparta and Athens went to war were that they had opposite forms of government and that they were rivals for the leadership of Greece. 2. Even though they had agreed to the “Thirty Years Peace,” the war began in 431 BC when Athens agreed to help its ally Corcyra defend itself against Corinth, an ally of Sparta. Corinth claimed this broke the terms of the peace, and Sparta's allies clamored for war. 3. This war was made especially famous by the writing of one of the first great historians, named Thucydides. His History of the Peloponnesian War became a celebrated example of how to write history and had been studied by historians ever since. 4. In our time, however, the details of the war discussed by Thucydides cannot concern us if we are not professional historians. What matters is its impact on Greece. 5. The first key impact of the war was the defeat of Athens by Sparta, and its effect on Athenian democracy. As Athens started to lose, the aristocrats of Athens temporarily took charge. Worse, at the end, the Spartans chose thirty of them to be the “Thirty Tyrants” to force the city to follow Sparta’s lead. 6. When the democrats of Athens took over again, they sought to punish anyone connected to the tyrants. The philosopher Socrates was among those critical of democracy, and he was persecuted.
[Show full text]
The Behistun Inscription and the Res Gestae Divi Augusti
Phasis 15-16, 2012-2013 Δημήτριος Μαντζίλας (Θράκη) The Behistun Inscription and the Res Gestae Divi Augusti Intertextuality between Greek and Latin texts is well known and – in recent decades – has been well studied. It seems though that common elements also appear in earlier texts, from other, mostly oriental countries, such as Egypt, Persia or Israel. In this article we intend to demonstrate the case of a Persian and a Latin text, in order to support the hypothesis of a common Indo-European literature (in addition to an Indo-European mythology and language). The Behistun Inscription,1 whose name comes from the anglicized version of Bistun or Bisutun (Bagastana in Old Persian), meaning “the place or land of gods”, is a multi-lingual inscription (being thus an equivalent of the Rosetta stone) written in three different cuneiform script extinct languages: Old Persian, Elamite (Susian), and Babylonian (Accadian).2 A fourth version is an Aramaic translation found on the 1 For the text see Adkins L., Empires of the Plain: Henry Rawlinson and the Lost Languages of Babylon, New York 2003; Rawlinson H. C., Archaeologia, 1853, vol. xxxiv, 74; Campbell Thompson R., The Rock of Behistun, In Sir J. A. Hammerton (ed.), Wonders of the Past, New York 1937, II, 760–767; Cameron G. G., Darius Carved History on Ageless Rock, National Geographic Magazine, 98 (6), December 1950, 825– 844; Rubio G., Writing in Another Tongue: Alloglottography in the Ancient Near East, in: S. Sanders (ed.), Margins of Writing, Origins of Cultures, Chicago 2007², 33–70 (= OIS, 2); Hinz W., Die Behistan-Inschrift des Darius, AMI, 7, 1974, 121-134 (translation).
[Show full text]
Egypt: Facts for Kids
Egypt: Facts for Kids Learn some interesting information about China. Read about the Great Wall of China, its major cities, population, languages, rivers, animals, economy and much more. Egypt is officially known as the Arab Republic of Egypt. In 2012, the population of Egypt was just over 83 million. Egypt is bordered by the Gaza Strip, Israel, Libya and Sudan as well as the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea. The Sinai Peninsula in Egypt spans across two continents, Africa and Asia. Mount Catherine is the highest mountain in Egypt, standing 8625 feet. The official language of Egypt is Arabic, but others languages such as English and French are also understood by many. The capital city is Cairo, which also has the largest population. Other major cities include Alexandria and Giza. Egypt is a very dry country. The Sahara and Libyan Desert make up most of the area of Egypt. Egypt experiences natural hazards such as droughts, earthquakes, flash floods, landslides, windstorms (called khamsin), dust storms and sandstorms. The longest river in the world, the Nile, runs through Egypt. Egypt is famous for its ancient civilization, the Ancient Egyptians, who date back to around 3150 B.C. Egypt is home the Great Pyramid of Giza, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. The most popular sport in Egypt is football (soccer). Ancient Egypt was one of the greatest and most powerful civilizations in the history of the world. It lasted for over 3000 years from 3150 BC to 30 BC. The Nile River The civilization of Ancient Egypt was located along the Nile River in northeast Africa.
[Show full text]