Egypt to 600 C.E. (Ancient Egypt)

Egypt to 600 C.E. (Ancient Egypt) OSCAR SALINAS 1 ST PERIOD Short background Egypt began as a civilization in about 3500 B.C. as the second civilization ever, which emerged shortly after Mesopotamia (near the Nile river) Hieroglyphics were the first signs of writing in Egypt 2700 BC: The first pyramid was built Early 2600 BC: Pyramids of Giza were built 2200 BC: The first kings ruled Egypt 2055 BC: Menuhotep II ruled all of Egypt Shortly after 2000 BC, Egyptians ruled Nubia Hatcheptsu became the first pharaoh in about 1500 BC 1100 BC, The northern and southern parts of Egypt split up 728 BC, Piy (Nubian king) conquered Egypt 525 BC, The Persians conquered Egypt 332 BC, Alexander the Great conquered Egypt, and shortly after in 305, Ptolemy I became the pharaoh 300 CE, The last use of hieroglyphs and the Byzantine rule of Egypt Demography and disease In the early days of Egypt, there were about 350 thousand people that inhabited Egypt and the Egyptian area Although Egyptian medicine was fairly advanced during that time period, people in Egypt died mostly from kidney stones, diseases in the eye because of the Saharan climate and sand and dirt, polio, parasitic diseases (tapeworm, roundworm, and guinea-worm) and tuberculosis Saharan Climate Migration Most people who migrated mostly from Nubia during Nubian rule of Egypt Near the end of the Ancient Egyptian period, Greeks, Romans, and Persians also migrated to Egypt Map of Africa Patterns of Settlement In Egypt, like most other civilizations, people mostly settled near water/rivers Egyptians most notably settled along the northern floodplain area of the Nile River The accessibility of freshwater would later on provide opportunities for canal and irrigation systems The annual flooding of the Nile would also play an important role because after the flood line would recede, the soil would be ideal for planting and growing crops, which would again, prove to be important to the survival of Ancient Egypt The Nile Technology The Egyptians created several things that were important for the survival of the civilization/country. These include: Writing (Hieroglyphics) was important to keeping records and maintaining control of their country Papyrus parchment was the first form of paper (the English word paper came from Papyrus, the name of the plant the parchment was made of) Medicine was created; an example is how honey and human brains were used to treat eye infections, which were common in Ancient Egyptians Ships were built from Papyrus reeds to sail down the Nile River but were later built of Cedar wood imported from Lebanon Mathematics were understood well by Egyptians, but they only had an idea of a decimal system ((1, 10, 100, 1000, etc.) ex. Instead of writing the number 3, they would put 111 because they had no concept of other numbers that did not include one or zeros) Egyptians also used geometry to create things such as pyramids Everyone wore make up, even men; the reason behind this is because of the health benefit (it protected their skin from the sun’s rays (it was made of soot and other materials)) and make up was also a fashion statement Toothpaste and toothbrushes were created; mostly because there would usually be dirt and sand in their bread (and many people had problems with their teeth, and the toothpaste was created in an attempt to protect a person’s teeth (made out of eggshells and ground up ox hooves) .

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