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Classical Jewish Texts, from Parchment to Internet 1Qisaa 11 December 2017 Scroll Down: Classical Jewish Texts, Aleppo Codex from Parchment to Internet c. 930 Tiberias Gary A. Rendsburg http://aleppocodex.org/ Rutgers University Sample page shows portions Allen and Joan Bildner Center of Ezekiel 2‐3 for the Study of Jewish Life Rutgers University 4 December 2017 St. Petersburg (Leningrad) Codex 1009 / Tiberias (digital images not Aleppo Codex / c. 930 / Tiberias available online) Sample verse: Joshua 1:1 Sample page Genesis 1 ַו ְי ִ֗הי ַא ֲחֵ ֛רי ֥מוֹת ֹמ ֶ ֖שׁה ֶ ֣ע ֶבד ְי ָ ֑הוה ַו ֤יּ ֹ ֶאמר ְי ָהו ֙ה ֶא ְל־י ֻ ֣הוֹשׁ ַע ִבּ ֔ן־נוּן ְמ ָשֵׁ ֥רת ֹמ ֶ ֖שׁה ֵל ֽ ֹאמר׃ Digital Dead Sea Scrolls / Google / Israel Museum 1QIsaa The Great Isaiah Scroll Isaiah 6:3 (1QIsaa): Holy, holy is the Lord of Hosts, all the earth is filled with his glory. Isaiah 6:3 (Masoretic Text): http://dss.collections.imj.org.il/ Holy, holy, holy is the Lord of Hosts, all the earth is filled with his glory. 1 11 December 2017 Isaiah 6:3 (1QIsaa): Holy, holy is the Lord of Hosts, all the earth is filled with his glory. Isaiah 6:3 (Masoretic Text): http://www.deadseascrolls.org.il/about‐the‐project/the‐digital‐library Holy, holy, holy is the Lord of Hosts, all the earth is filled with his glory. 4Q394 = 4QMMTa fragments 4Q271 = 4QDf – Damascus Document Mishna Kaufmann Manuscript A50 (Budapest) Italy, c. 1200 http://kaufmann.mtak.hu/ en/ms50/ms50‐coll1.htm Ben Sira, c. 180 B.C.E. – http://www.bensira.org/ 2 11 December 2017 Mishna Parma Manuscript, Biblioteca Palatina 3173 (De Rossi 138) Italy, 1073 Mishna Manuscript / c. 1150 / Italy Jewish Theological Seminary – http://jts‐ms‐r1622‐1.org/ Mishna text from the Cairo Geniza (Berakhot 1:1 Zevahim 5:5) Cambridge University Mishna Shabbat 7:2 Library, (the 39 categories of labor) T‐S E2.82 Three Geniza fragments in Cambridge Mishna manuscripts: ([M. ʾOhalot 9:10, 10:7, 11:7, 12:8 [2x) ָשׁקוֹף Mishna Sanhedrin 4:5 – M. Pesaḥim 9:5, clearly based on Exod 12:7) a major theological point) ַמ ְשׁקוֹף Mishna printed editions: in all six places – ַמ ְשׁקוֹף Barʿam Synagogue – lintel inscription: Printed editions: שכל המאבד נפש אחת מישראל מעלה עליו הכתוב כאילו איבד יהי שלום במקום הזה ובכל מקומות ישראל. עולם מלא, וכל המקיים נפש אחת מישראל מעלה עליו הכתוב יוסי הלוי בן לוי עשה השקוף הזה. כאילו קיים עולם מלא תבא ברכה במע[ש]יו של[ו]ם Manuscripts: שכל המאבד נפש אחת מעלים עליו כאילו איבד עולם מלא, וכל המקיים נפש אחת מעלים עליו כאילו קיים עולם מלא 3 11 December 2017 Talmud Yerushalmi Leiden Or. 4720 Mishna Sanhedrin 4:5 – (Talmud of the Land of Israel) a major theological point Leiden Manuscript the only extant complete manuscript of the Talmud Yerushalmi Printed editions: written in 1289 by One who destroys a life within Israel, he brings upon himself the Rabeinu Yechiel ben saying, “It is as if he has destroyed an entire world.” And one who Yekutiel HaRofe raises up a life within Israel, he brings upon himself the saying, “It is of Rome as if he raised up an entire world.” Manuscripts: today bound One who destroys a life, he brings upon himself the saying, “It is as in two volumes, if he has destroyed an entire world.” And one who raises up a life, consisting of 682 folios he brings upon himself the saying, “It is as if he raised up an entire world.” http://www.yerushalmionline.org/manuscripts/ Talmud Yerushalmi (Talmud of the Land of Israel) Leiden Manuscript (Rome, 1289) Sample Page Talmud Yerushalmi / Leiden Manuscript End of Tractate Berakhot / Beginning of Tractate Peʾah Op de Bibliotheken van de Universiteit Leiden 4 11 December 2017 Talmud Bavli (Babylonian Talmud) Munich Manuscript (France, 1342) Bayerische Staatsbibliothek Cod.hebr.95 Talmud Yerushalmi manuscript from the Cairo Geniza http://daten.digitale‐sammlungen.de/~db/0000/bsb00003409/images/ Tractate Sanhedrin / Cambridge T‐S G2.132 A comparison of Babylonian Babylonian Talmud manuscripts Talmud Bavli Berakhot 4b Paris Manuscript How often to recite Psalm 145 each day, (1337) in order to gain the world to come? (incomplete) Paris (and other mss): 1x each day Munich (and other mss): 3x each day Talmud Bavli Bavli Berakhot 4b, Paris MS, folio 193r fragment from Bibliothèque Nationale de France, no. 671 the Cairo Geniza Cambridge T‐S F1(1).65a Berakhot 2b‐3a See also Oxford Ms. Opp. Add. fol. 23 (no images available) 5 11 December 2017 First Printed Edition of the Babylonian Talmud Printed by Daniel Bomberg Venice, 1520‐23 Sample page from Tractate Yevamot Targum Onqelos BL Ms. Or. 2363 fol. 173r Deuteronomy 1 Persia / Babylonia with Babylonian niqqud 11th‐12th century http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/Full Display.aspx?ref=Or_2363 Targum Yerushalmi (Pseudo‐Jonathan), c. 1500, Ashkenazi cursive script http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/FullDisplay.aspx?ref=Add_MS_27031 folio 231v – Deut 34 with colophon folio 4r – Genesis 1 Targum Neofiti Targum Neofiti Rome – 1499 / 1504 Rome fol. 446v, end of Torah, 1499 / 1504 plus colophon Correctly identified in 1949 fol. 1r Genesis 1 https://digi.vatlib.it/view/MSS_Neofiti.1 6 11 December 2017 http://maimonides.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/ Bodleian, Mishneh Torah, beginning – fol. 2a (left) | fol. 1b (right) Maimonides Mishneh Torah ‘Code of Jewish Law’ Oxford Manuscript / Bodleian Library MS Huntington 80, folio 165a “Checked against my book, I, Moshe be‐Rabbi Maimon” Bodleian, Mishneh Torah, beginning – fol. 136b (left) | fol. 136a (right) (followed by homage to his father in Arabic) Maimonides Maimonides (1140 – 1205) Guide for the Perplexed Copenhagen Manuscript Guide for the Barcelona, 1348 Perplexed Colophon: Copenhagen Levi ben Isaac (scribe) Manuscript Menahem Bezalel (patron) Barcelona, 1348 Ferrer Bassa (artist) (?) http://www.kb.dk/permalink/2006/manus/293/ 7 11 December 2017 Maimonides CG‐1 Guide for the Perplexed Copenhagen Manuscript Barcelona, 1348 Colophon: Levi ben Isaac (scribe) Menahem Bezalel (patron) Ferrer Bassa (artist) (?) King Pedro IV of Aragon Ben Ezra Synagogue – Cairo, Egypt The opening in the Women’s Gallery to the Geniza https://fjms.genizah.org/ | Friedberg Genizah Project (Geniza = storeroom) Dropsie Haggada Tafsir of (Halper 211) Saadia Gaon Cairo Geniza c. 900 on Genesis 3‐4 http://sceti.library.upenn.edu/pages /index.cfm?so_id=2242 Cambridge T‐S Ar.1a.2 Qiddush (sanctification Just one of the 300,000 documents found in the Cairo Geniza during the 1890’s. over the wine) The vast majority (193,000) are housed in Cambridge, the second largest collection (31,000) is at Jewish Theological Seminary – with Oxford, Manchester, St Petersburg, and Philadelphia also holding significant numbers of documents. 8 11 December 2017 Dropsie Dropsie Haggada Haggada (Halper 211) (Halper 211) Cairo Geniza Cairo Geniza c. 900 c. 900 מה נשתנה מה נשתנה Mah Nishtana Mah Nishtana (start) (continued) מה נשתנה / The ‘Four’ Questions Mishna manuscripts Three questions (dipping, matzah, roasting) Mishna printed editions Four questions (dipping, matzah, bitter herbs, reclining) (to conform to the Babylonian rite) MS JTS (New York) Two questions (dipping, roasting) CUL T‐S H2.152 verso MS Dropsie/CAJS (Philadelphia) Passover Haggadah text with five questions! Three questions (dipping, matzah, roasting) CUL T‐S H2.152 verso Passover Haggadah text with five questions! Birkat ha‐Mazon ‘Grace after Meals’ 9 11 December 2017 Johannes of Oppido = Obadiah the Proselyte Johannes of Oppido = Obadiah the Proselyte c. 1070 – c. 1130 • c. 1070 – born in Oppido, southern Italy • son of a Norman aristocrat named Dreux 1. Oppido 2• 2. Constantinople • entered the Catholic priesthood 1• 3. Baghdad 4• 3• 4. Aleppo • as a youth Johannes was influenced by the 5• 5. Banias conversion of Andreas, archbishop of Bari, 6. Fustat / Cairo 6• who adopted Judaism in Constantinople • c. 1102 – Johannes converted to Judaism Johannes of Oppido = Obadiah the Proselyte • Travels throughout the Near East: o Iraq o Syria o Israel • Settles in Egypt: o Fustat / Cairo • Numerous documents found in the Cairo Geniza, including his memoir and various compositions Obadiah Memoir Obadiah Memoir 14 pages of text, in the Budapest, Cambridge, and New York collections My next digital humanities project: www.johannes‐ovadya.org Hebrew prayer barukh hag‐gever ‘blessed is the man’ (based on Jeremiah 17:7) 10 11 December 2017 Hebrew prayer barukh hag‐gever ‘blessed is the man’ – set to Gregorian Chant – – set to Gregorian Chant – Epistle of Rabbi Barukh of Aleppo, on behalf of Obadiah ha‐Ger http://genizah.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/fragment/ MS_Heb_a_3/1a http://genizah.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/fragment/ MS_Heb_a_3/1b https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category: Bodleian_Library,_MS._Heb._a._3,_fol._1_‐ _Letter_of_Barukh_ben_Isaac_of_Aleppo Reading the Epistle of Rabbi Barukh, c. 1110 C.E., Bodleian MS Heb. a.3 Italian Rite “Woman’s Siddur” (JTS MS 8255) folio 5v Gift of the scribe Abraham Farissol to his bride Italy 1471 Beginning of the Epistle of Rabbi Barukh of Aleppo Bodleian MS Heb. a.3 http://www.jtslibrarytreasures.org/ 11 11 December 2017 Kennicott Bible Italian Rite “Woman’s Siddur” Written in (JTS MS 8255) folio 5v La Coruña, Spain, 1476 Gift of the scribe Abraham Farissol Now in the to his bride Bodleian Library (Oxford) Italy 1471 opening page of the biblical text Genesis 1 ְשׁ ַע ִשׂ ַית ִני ִא ָשּׁה ְול ֹא ִאישׁ ‘for you made me a woman, and not a man’ Beginning of the Kennicott Bible book of Kings Written in La Coruña, Spain, 1476 final page of the Torah text Deuteronomy 34 Kennicott Bible Written in La Coruña, Spain, 1476 Opening of the book of Jonah 12 11 December 2017 Kennicott Kennicott Bible Bible colophon colophon with names, place, date, etc.
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